Fusion Object Detection and Action Recognition to Predict Violent Action.

In the context of Shared Autonomous Vehicles, the need to monitor the environment inside the car will be crucial. This article focuses on the application of deep learning algorithms to present a fusion monitoring solution which was three different algorithms: a violent action detection system, which recognizes violent behaviors between passengers, a violent object detection system, and a lost items detection system. Public datasets were used for object detection algorithms (COCO and TAO) to train state-of-the-art algorithms such as YOLOv5. For violent action detection, the MoLa InCar dataset was used to train on state-of-the-art algorithms such as I3D, R(2+1)D, SlowFast, TSN, and TSM. Finally, an embedded automotive solution was used to demonstrate that both methods are running in real-time.

AI Based Monitoring of Different Risk Levels in COVID-19 Context.

COVID-19 was responsible for devastating social, economic, and political effects all over the world. Although the health authorities imposed restrictions provided relief and assisted with trying to return society to normal life, it is imperative to monitor people's behavior and risk factors to keep virus transmission levels as low as possible. This article focuses on the application of deep learning algorithms to detect the presence of masks on people in public spaces (using RGB cameras), as well as the detection of the caruncle in the human eye area to make an accurate measurement of body temperature (using thermal cameras). For this task, synthetic data generation techniques were used to create hybrid datasets from public ones to train state-of-the-art algorithms, such as YOLOv5 object detector and a keypoint detector based on Resnet-50. For RGB mask detection, YOLOv5 achieved an average precision of 82.4%. For thermal masks, glasses, and caruncle detection, YOLOv5 and keypoint detector achieved an average precision of 96.65% and 78.7%, respectively. Moreover, RGB and thermal datasets were made publicly available.

Molecular determinants of α-conotoxin potency for inhibition of human and rat α6ß4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) containing α6 and ß4 subunits are expressed by dorsal root ganglion neurons and have been implicated in neuropathic pain. Rodent models are often used to evaluate the efficacy of analgesic compounds, but species differences may affect the activity of some nAChR ligands. A previous candidate α-conotoxin-based therapeutic yielded promising results in rodent models, but failed in human clinical trials, emphasizing the importance of understanding species differences in ligand activity. Here, we show that human and rat α6/α3ß4 nAChRs expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes exhibit differential sensitivity to α-conotoxins. Sequence homology comparisons of human and rat α6ß4 nAChR subunits indicated that α6 residues forming the ligand-binding pocket are highly conserved between the two species, but several residues of ß4 differed, including a Leu-Gln difference at position 119. X-ray crystallography of α-conotoxin PeIA complexed with the Aplysia californica acetylcholine-binding protein (AChBP) revealed that binding of PeIA orients Pro13 in close proximity to residue 119 of the AChBP complementary subunit. Site-directed mutagenesis studies revealed that Leu119 of human ß4 contributes to higher sensitivity of human α6/α3ß4 nAChRs to α-conotoxins, and structure-activity studies indicated that PeIA Pro13 is critical for high potency. Human and rat α6/α3ß4 nAChRs displayed differential sensitivities to perturbations of the interaction between PeIA Pro13 and residue 119 of the ß4 subunit. These results highlight the potential significance of species differences in α6ß4 nAChR pharmacology that should be taken into consideration when evaluating the activity of candidate human therapeutics in rodent models.

Oral changes in cocaine abusers: an integrative review.

INTRODUCTION: Cocaine is one of the most often used psychoactive drugs worldwide, being extracted from the leaves of Erytroxylus coca plant. Its abusive use can trigger several consequences for the human body, including the oral cavity. OBJECTIVE: To identify the oral disorders that are most commonly found in individuals who abuse cocaine, in addition to the main diagnostic and treatment methods. METHODS: An integrative review was carried out on the databases: LILACS, BBO, LIS, MEDLINE, SciELO, Science Direct and PubMed. The following keywords were used: "Cocaína", "Boca", "Palato" and "Odontologia", together with their synonyms and variations in English, obtained from DeCS and MeSH. The inclusion criteria were original articles, articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish, studies involving individuals, without restriction related to the year of publication. Animal studies, literature reviews, book chapters, theses and dissertations were excluded. RESULTS: In total, 1373 records were identified. Of these, 22 articles were selected to comprise the review. Several oral alterations caused by cocaine abuse were found, primarily perforation of the palate, predisposition to periodontal diseases, temporomandibular disorders, bruxism, damage to oral tissues, dental caries, destructive lesions of the facial midline, xerostomia and ageusia. Among the diagnostic methods used by the professionals, anamnesis, intraoral examinations and head and neck computed tomography were the most frequently mentioned. As for treatment, in patients with palatal perforation, the reconstruction of the affected area or the use of prosthetic obturators is carried out. CONCLUSION: The management of these patients is not an easy task, as many of the users do not even seek professional help. The health professionals must be able to recognize these manifestations and alterations to establish timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

Oral changes in cocaine abusers: an integrative review / Mudanças orais em usuários abusivos de cocaína: revisão integrativa

Abstract Introduction: Cocaine is one of the most often used psychoactive drugs worldwide, being extracted from the leaves of Erytroxylus coca plant. Its abusive use can trigger several consequences for the human body, including the oral cavity. Objective: To identify the oral disorders that are most commonly found in individuals who abuse cocaine, in addition to the main diagnostic and treatment methods. Methods: An integrative review was carried out on the databases: LILACS, BBO, LIS, MEDLINE, SciELO, Science Direct and PubMed. The following keywords were used: ‟Cocaína", ‟Boca", ‟Palato" and ‟Odontologia", together with their synonyms and variations in English, obtained from DeCS andMeSH. The inclusion criteria were original articles, articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish, studies involving individuals, without restriction related to the year of publication. Animal studies, literature reviews, book chapters, theses and dissertations were excluded. Results: In total, 1373 records were identified. Of these, 22 articles were selected to comprise the review. Several oral alterations caused by cocaine abuse were found, primarily perforation of the palate, predisposition to periodontal diseases, temporomandibular disorders, bruxism, damage to oral tissues, dental caries, destructive lesions of the facial midline, xerostomia and ageusia. Among the diagnostic methods used by the professionals, anamnesis, intraoral examinations and head and neck computed tomography were the most frequently mentioned. As for treatment, in patients with palatal perforation, the reconstruction of the affected area or the use of prosthetic obturators is carried out. Conclusion: The management of these patients is not an easy task, as many of the users do not even seek professional help. The health professionals must be able to recognize these manifestations and alterations to establish timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. © 2021 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). HIGHLIGHTS Integrative review aiming to detect oral changes in cocaine abusers. The main oral changes, methods of diagnosis and treatment were identified. Good anamnesis and qualified health professionals are necessary.

Resumo Introdução: A cocaína é uma das drogas psicoativas mais usadas no mundo, é extraída das folhas da Erytroxylus coca. Seu uso abusivo pode desencadear inúmeras consequências para o corpo humano, inclusive na cavidade oral. Objetivo: Identificar quais as alterações orais mais comumente encontradas nos indivíduos que fazem uso abusivo de cocaína, além das principais formas de diagnóstico e tratamento. Método: Fez-se uma revisão integrativa nas bases de dados Lilacs, BBO, LIS, Medline, Sci-ELO, Science Direct e PubMed. Foram usados os descritores ‟cocaína", ‟boca", ‟palato" e ‟odontologia" junto de seus sinônimos e variações em inglês, retirados do DeCS e MeSH. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos originais, artigos nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola, estudos que envolveram pessoas e sem restrição quanto ao ano de publicação. Foram excluídos estudos feitos em animais, revisões da literatura, capítulos de livros, teses e dissertações. Resultados: Foram identificados 1.373 registros. Desses, 22 artigos foram selecionados para compor a revisão. Diversas alterações orais causadas por uso abusivo de cocaína foram encontradas. As principais foram perfuração do palato, predisposição para doenças periodontais, desordens temporomandibulares, bruxismo, danos aos tecidos orais, cárie dentária, lesões destrutivas da linha média facial, xerostomia e ageusia. Entre as formas de diagnóstico usadas pelos profissionais, a anamnese, exames físicos intraorais e a tomografia computadorizada da região da cabeça e pescoço foram as mais mencionadas. Como tratamento, nos pacientes com perfuração palatina, é feita a reconstrução da área afetada ou o uso de obturadores protéticos. Conclusão: O manejo desses pacientes não é tarefa fácil, pois muitos usuários sequer procuram ajuda profissional. Os profissionais da saúde devem ser capazes de reconhecer tais alterações e manifestações para que sejam feitos diagnósticos e planejamentos de tratamentos oportunos e precisos. DESTAQUES Revisão integrativa que visa detectar alterações orais em usuários de cocaína. Identificaram-se as principais manifestações orais, formas de diagnóstico e tratamento. Necessidade da feitura de boa anamnese e profissionais da saúde capacitados.

Expressão imuno-histoquímica dos biomarcadores p16 e Ki-67 na lesão intraepitelial cervical de alto grau: revisão de estudos / Immunohistochemical expression of biomarkers p16 and Ki-67 in high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesion: review of studies

O câncer do colo do útero é o quarto tumor mais comum entre mulheres no mundo e o terceiro no Brasil. A detecção precoce e a identificação das lesões cervicais são essenciais no rastreamento do câncer cervical. Nos últimos anos, vários marcadores têm sido apresentados como possíveis candidatos para a triagem eficiente de exames citológicos com anormalidades das células epiteliais. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a correlação com a expressão imuno-histoquimica dos biomarcadores p16 e Ki-67 com lesão intraepitelial cervical de alto grau na detecção molecular DNA/HPV de alto risco. A metodologia de pesquisa empregada é uma revisão sistemática, realizada por meio de buscas nas bases de dados eletrônica Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciência e Saúde (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE) de artigos publicados no período de 2005 a 2019 nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Concluiu-se que o uso das proteínas p16 e Ki67 auxilia na identificação das mudanças que acontecem durante a progressão da lesão cervical, aprimorando os métodos de rastreio atuais. O gene p53, a pRb e ciclinas também têm um papel crítico na carcinogênese e, desta maneira, também têm sido indicados para entrar nos painéis de estudo.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common tumor among women in the world and the third in Brazil. Early detection and identification of cervical lesions are essential in screening for cervical cancer. In recent years, several markers have been presented as possible candidates for efficient screening of cytological exams with abnormalities of epithelial cells. The objective of this work is to analyze the correlation with the immunohistochemical expression of the biomarkers p16 and ki-67 with high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesion in high-risk DNA / HPV molecular detection. The research methodology employed is a systematic review, carried out by searching the electronic databases Latin American Literature in Science and Health (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE) of published articles from 2005 to 2019 in Portuguese, English and Spanish. It was concluded that the use of proteins p16 and Ki67, help to identify the changes that happen during the progression of the cervical lesion, improving the current screening methods. The p53 gene, the retinoblastoma protein ­ pRb and cyclins also plays a critical role in carcinogenesis and thus, they have also been indicated to enter the study panels.

A tomada de decisão no uso de sistema de fixação absorvível em cirurgias bucomaxilofaciais: revisão sistemática / Decision making in the use of absorbable fixation system in maxillofacial surgery: a systematic review / Toma de decisiones en el uso de sistemas de fijación absorbibles en cirugías maxilofaciales: revisión sistemática

Introdução: As fraturas ósseas faciais são muito comuns em lesões de face, destacando-se as fraturas mandibulares. Para o tratamento delas é necessário haver um sistema de fixação a fim de restaurar o osso fraturado, sua forma e função. Objetivo: Identificar fatores influenciadores do uso de sistemas de fixação absorvíveis em cirurgias buco maxilo faciais. Material e método: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática feita nas bases de dados MEDLINE, BBO e SciELO, no período de agosto de 2019 a setembro de 2020 nos portais da PubMed e BVS. Dentre os 322 achados e após utilização de filtros, leitura de títulos e resumos, foram incluídos 30 artigos para compor a revisão. Resultados: Os achados do estudo revelam existir uma série de fatores influenciáveis na escolha do melhor material, tais como: sua aplicação em pacientes pediátricos ou adultos, a palpabilidade das placas, a resistência, as principais medidas de satisfação, o envolvimento com doenças malignas, complicações e novidades que a literatura vem discutindo sobre o tipo de material. Conclusão: O uso de placas absorvíveis é aconselhado para uso pediátrico, pois minimizam as restrições ao crescimento, dispensam a necessidade de uma cirurgia secundária, reduzindo, assim, gastos hospitalares. Além disso, as placas biodegradáveis originam exames de imagem com menos artefatos, de modo que não comprometem diagnósticos em pacientes com neoplasias(AU)

Introduction: Facial bone fractures are very common in facial injuries, highlighting mandibular fractures. In order to treat them, it is necessary to have a fixation system in order to restore the fractured bone, its shape and function. Objective: To identify factors influencing the use of absorbable fixation systems in oral maxillofacial surgery. Material and method: This is a systematic review carried out in the MEDLINE, BBO and SciELO databases, from August 2019 to September 2020 in the portals of PubMed and VHL. Among the 322 findings and after using filters, reading titles and abstracts, 30 articles were included to compose the review. Results: The findings of the study reveal that there are a number of influential factors in the choice of the best material, such as: its application in pediatric or adult patients, the palpability of the plates, the resistance, the main measures of satisfaction, the involvement with malignant diseases, complications andthe main novelties that the literature has been discussing about the type of material. Conclusion: The use of absorbable plates is advised for pediatric use, because they minimize the restrictions to growth, dispense the need for a secondary surgery, thusreducing hospital expenses. Besides that, the biodegradable plates originate imaging exams with fewer artifacts, so that it does not compromise the diagnosis of patients with cancer(AU)

Introducción: Las fracturas de los huesos faciales son muy frecuentes en las lesiones faciales, especialmente las fracturas mandibulares. Para poder tratarlos es necesario disponer de un sistema de fijación con el fin de restaurar el hueso fracturado, su forma y función. Objetivo: Identificar los factores que influyen en el uso de sistemas de fijación absorbible en cirugía oral maxilofacial. Material y método: Se trata de una revisión sistemática realizada en las bases de datos MEDLINE, BBO y SciELO, de agosto de 2019 a septiembre de 2020 en los portales de PubMed y VHL. Entre los 322 hallazgos y luego de utilizar filtros, leer títulos y resúmenes, se incluyeron 30 artículos para componer la revisión. Resultados: Los hallazgos del estudio revelanque existen una serie de factores que influyen en la elección del mejor material, tales como: su aplicación en pacientes pediátricos o adultos, la palpabilidad de las placas, la resistencia, las principales medidas de satisfacción, la implicación con enfermedades malignas, complicaciones y las principales novedades que ha venido discutiendo la literatura sobre el tipo de material. Conclusión: Se recomienda el uso de placas absorbibles para uso pediátrico, ya que minimizan las restricciones de crecimiento, prescinden de la necesidad de cirugía secundaria, reduciendo así los gastos hospitalarios. Además, las placas biodegradables dan como resultado pruebas de imagen con menos artefactos, de modo que no comprometen el diagnóstico em pacientes con neoplasias(AU)

Relationships between water transparency and abundance of Cynodontidae species in the Bananal floodplain, Mato Grosso, Brazil

The Cerrado in the Central Brazil is currently one of the most threatened ecosystems in the world. As a result, the aquatic habitats in this biome also undergo great impacts. Alterations related to land-use change increase sediment loadings in rivers, streams and lakes, resulting in sedimentation and decrease in water transparency. Water transparency determines underwater visibility conditions, and as a consequence fish assemblages respond to spatial and temporal changes in this variable. This work aimed to examine the influence of transparency on the abundance and distribution of Cynodontidae species, a visually oriented predatory fish group. Fish sampling was conducted in 15 sites located between Mortes and Araguaia rivers in the Bananal floodplain, Mato Grosso State. Regression analysis between relative abundance of Cynodontidae (in number of individuals and biomass) and water transparency showed a positive and highly significant correlation, indicating that this group shows species-specific habitat affinities for clearer waters. These results suggest that the increase in water turbidity in this region can affect the patterns of abundance and distribution of the Cynodontidae species, as well as other visually oriented fishes.

O cerrado do Brasil Central é atualmente um dos ecossistemas mais ameaçados do mundo. Em consequência, os ambientes aquáticos desse bioma também sofrem grandes impactos. Alterações relacionadas a mudanças no uso da terra aumentam a descarga de sedimentos em rios, córregos e lagos, resultando em processos de assoreamento e diminuição da transparência da água. A transparência da água determina as condições de visibilidade subaquáticas, e em consequência os peixes respondem às variações espaciais e temporais desta variável. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência da transparência da água na abundância e distribuição de peixes da família Cynodontidae, um grupo de peixes predadores que se orientam visualmente. As coletas de peixes foram realizadas em 15 ambientes localizados na região entre o rio das Mortes e rio Araguaia, na planície do Bananal, Estado do Mato Grosso. As análises de regressão entre a abundância relativa de Cynodontidae (em número de indivíduos e biomassa) e a transparência da água mostraram uma correlação positiva e significante, o que indica que este grupo apresenta afinidade de hábitat por águas mais claras. Esses resultados sugerem que o aumento na turbidez das águas nesta região pode afetar os padrões de abundância e distribuição das espécies de Cynodontidae, bem como de outras espécies de peixes visualmente orientadas.

Influence of environmental parameters on fish assemblage of a neotropical river with a flood pulse regime, Central Brazil

This study aims to determine which of twelve environmental parameters (five physicochemical and seven hydromorphological) influence on the fish assemblage structure of the lower Mortes River basin located in the Bananal floodplain of the Araguaia River basin, Central Brazil. Sampling was conducted in six stretches of 1000 m each during the high and low waters. Fish were captured using gill nets and environmental parameters were measured by portable equipment or determined visually. The co-inertia analysis indicated that two physicochemical (dissolved oxygen and water transparency), and four hydromorphological (channel width and depth, riparian vegetation cover and type of the riverside substrate) parameters structure the fish assemblages, both driven by the regional hydrological patterns (flood pulse). These results are explained by fish-environmental parameters relationship characteristic of the aquatic Neotropical systems.(AU)

Este estudo determinou quais entre doze parâmetros ambientais (cinco físico-químicos e sete hidromorfológicos) influenciam na estrutura da assembleia de peixes do baixo rio das Mortes localizado na planície de inundação do Bananal, bacia do rio Araguaia, Brasil Central. As coletas foram realizadas em seis trechos de 1000 m cada durante os períodos de chuva e estiagem, nos quais 1036 peixes foram coletados utilizando-se redes de malhar e medidos os parâmetros ambientais utilizando equipamentos portáteis ou determinados visualmente. A análise de coinércia indicou que dois parâmetros físicos e químicos (oxigênio dissolvido e a transparência da água) e quatro hidromorfológicos (largura e profundidade da calha principal, cobertura da mata ripária e tipo de substrato da margem) estruturam a assembleia de peixes, ambos influenciados pelo regime hidrológico regional (pulso de inundação). Estes resultados são discutidos considerando a interação entre peixes e os parâmetros ambientais característicos dos sistemas aquáticos Neotropicais.(AU)