Improving the prognosis of renal patients: The effects of blood flow-restricted resistance training on redox balance and cardiac autonomic function.

NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? Can resistance training with and without blood flow restriction improve redox balance and positively impact the autonomic cardiac modulation in chronic kidney disease patients? What is the main finding and its importance? Resistance training with and without blood flow restriction improved antioxidant defence (paraoxonase 1), decreased the pro-oxidative myeloperoxidase, improved cardiac autonomic function and slowed the decrease in renal function. We draw attention to the important clinical implications for the management of redox balance and autonomic cardiac function in chronic kidney disease patients. ABSTRACT: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are prone to cardiovascular diseases secondary to abnormalities in both autonomic cardiac function and redox balance [myeloperoxidase (MPO) to paraoxonase 1 (PON1) ratio]. Although aerobic training improves both autonomic balance and redox balance in patients with CKD, the cardioprotective effects of resistance training (RT), with and without blood flow restriction (BFR), remain unknown. We aimed to compare the effects of RT and RT+BFR on antioxidant defence (PON1), pro-oxidative status (MPO), cardiac autonomic function (quantified by heart rate variability analysis) and renal function. Conservative CKD (stages 1 to 5 who do not need hemodialysis) patients (n = 105, 33 female) of both sexes were randomized into three groups: control (CTL; 57.6 ± 5.2 years; body mass index, 33.23 ± 1.62 kg/m2 ), RT (58.09 ± 6.26 years; body mass index 33.63 ± 2.05 kg/m2 ) and RT+BFR (58.06 ± 6.47 years; body mass index, 33.32 ± 1.87 kg/m2 ). Patients completed 6 months of RT or RT+BFR on three non-consecutive days per week under the supervision of strength and conditioning professionals. Training loads were adjusted every 2 months. Heart rate variability was recorded with a Polar-RS800 and data were analysed for time and frequency domains using Kubios software. The redox balance markers were PON1 and MPO, which were analysed in plasma samples. Renal function was estimated as estimated glomerular filtration rate. The RT and RT+BFR decreased pro-oxidative MPO (RT, ∼34 ng/ml and RT+BFR, ∼27 ng/ml), improved both antioxidant defence (PON1: RT, ∼23 U/L and RT+BFR, ∼31 U/L) and cardiac autonomic function (R-R interval: RT, ∼120.4 ms and RT+BFR, ∼117.7 ms), and slowed the deterioration of renal function (P < 0.0001). Redox balance markers were inversely correlated with heart rate variability time-domain indices. Our data indicated that both training models were effective as non-pharmacological tools to increase the antioxidant defences, decrease oxidative stress and improve the cardiac autonomic function of CKD patients.

[Development and validation of an instrument for evaluating the ludicity of games in health education]. / Desenvolvimento e validação de instrumento para avaliar a ludicidade de jogos em saúde.

OBJECTIVE: Developing and validating an instrument to evaluate the playfulness of games in health education contexts. METHODOLOGY: A methodological, exploratory and descriptive research, developed in two stages: 1. Application of an open questionnaire to 50 graduate students, with content analysis of the answers and calculation of Kappa coefficient for defining items; 2. Procedures for construction of scales, with content validation by judges and analysis of the consensus estimate by Content Validity Index(CVI). RESULTS: 53 items regarding the restless character of the games in the dimensions of playfulness, the formative components of learning and the profiles of the players. CONCLUSION: Ludicity can be assessed by validated items related to the degree of involvement, immersion and reinvention of the subjects in the game along with the dynamics and playability of the game.

Blood pressure responsiveness to resistance training in the hypertensive older adult: a randomized controlled study.

Different lifestyle changes have been employed to improve clinical hypertension. However, there is scarce evidence on the blood pressure responsiveness to resistance training (RT) in hypertensive older adults. Consequently, little is known about some participants clinically reducing blood pressure and others not. Thus, we investigate the effects and responsiveness of RT on blood pressure in hypertensive older adults. We secondarily evaluated the biochemical risk factors for cardiovascular disease and functional performance. Older participants with hypertension were randomly assigned into RT (n = 27) and control group (n = 25). Blood pressure, functional performance (timed up and go, handgrip strength, biceps curl and sit-to-stand), fasting glucose, and lipid profiles were evaluated preintervention and postintervention. The statistic was performed in a single-blind manner, the statistician did not know who was the control and RT. RT was effective in reducing systolic blood pressure (SBP) (pre 135.7 ±â€…14.7; post 124.7 ±â€…11.0; P  < 0.001) and the responses to RT stimuli varied noticeably between hypertensive older adults after 12 weeks. For example, 13 and 1 responders displayed a minimal clinical important difference for SBP attenuation (10.9 mmHg) in the RT and control groups, respectively. RT improved the functional performance of older people with hypertension, while no differences were found in biochemical parameters (triglycerides, HDL, LDL, fasting glucose) after 12 weeks. In conclusion, responses to RT stimuli varied noticeably between hypertensive individuals and RT was effective in reducing SBP.

Association between ACTN3 (R577X), ACE (I/D), BDKRB2 (-9/+9), and AGT (M268T) polymorphisms and performance phenotypes in Brazilian swimmers.

BACKGROUND: The influence of genetic polymorphisms on athletic performance has been widely explored. This study investigated the interactions between the polymorphisms ACTN3 (R577X), ACE (I/D), BDKRB2 (-9/+9), and AGT (M/T) and their association with endurance and strength phenotypes in Brazilian swimmers. METHODS: 123 athletes (aged 20-30 years) and 718 controls participated in the study. The athletes were divided into elite and sub-elite (N = 19 and 104, respectively) and strength and endurance experts (N = 98 and 25, respectively). Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in all groups. RESULTS: Considering the ACE polymorphism, it was observed a higher frequency of the DD genotype than expected in the strength experts of the elite group, whereas the strength experts sub-elite athletes had a higher frequency of the ID genotype (χ2 = 8.17; p = 0.01). Subjects with XX genotypes of ACTN3 are more likely to belong to the athlete group when compared to the control group (OR = 1.79, p = 0.04). The DD homozygotes of the ACE are more likely to belong to the elite group with strength phenotypes than the group of sub-elite (OR = 7.96, p = 0.01) and elite strength experts compared to elite endurance (OR = 18.0, p = 0.03). However, no significant differences were observed in the allelic distribution of the polymorphisms evaluated when comparing Elite, sub-elite athletes and controls. CONCLUSION: ACE and ACTN3 allele frequencies should be considered with regard to performance influencing factors in Brazilian swimmers.

Praying for a Miracle: Negative or Positive Impacts on Health Care?

The belief in miracle, as a modality of spiritual/religious coping (SRC) strategy in the face of stress and psychic suffering, has been discussed in psychological literature with regard to its positive or negative role on the health and well-being of patients and family members. In contemporary times, where pseudo-conflicts between religion and science should have been long overcome, there is still some tendency of interpreting belief in miracle - as the possibility of a cure granted by divine intervention, modifying the normal course of events in a bleak medical diagnosis - as having unhealthy impacts in the care and treatment of health. This position seeks to find a base in the three characteristics of hoping in a miracle, frequently pointed out by psychological literature: (a) it would imply a negation of reality instead of its confrontation; (b) it would be a coping strategy focused on emotion instead of the problem; (c) it would imply seeking to modify the supposed desire of God by extra-natural facts. In this study, we shall critically discuss this position and the dangers of its crystallization by the use of SRC scales in which the act of praying for a miracle is previously classified as a negative strategy. We revisit some tendencies in psychological literature about the subject, taking into consideration the various facets of miracle, sociocultural facts, elements of idiographic nature, and their profound outcomes in the lives of people especially in health contexts. We illustrate the dangers of a hasty generalization of the results of nomothetic studies about the role of belief in miracle with two examples of research in the Brazilian context: one carried out with pregnant women with fetal malformation and the other with family members caring for children and adolescents with cancer under chemotherapeutic treatment. In both studies, the results do not confirm the predominance of the negative aspects associated with the act of praying for a miracle, which we discuss and analyze in light of the phenomenological perspective. In this perspective, "pray for a miracle", as experienced by patients and caregivers, can be recognized as an act of openness to life (instead of isolation in a bleak perspective), bolstering hope, and the resignification of reality in the psyche.

Metabolic and hormonal responses to chronic blood-flow restricted resistance training in chronic kidney disease: a randomized trial.

Maintenance of glycemic and lipemic homeostasis can limit the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Resistance training (RT) is effective in controlling glycemia and lipemia in kidney disease; however, the effect of RT with blood flow restriction (RT+BFR) on these metabolic factors has not been investigated. We aimed to verify if chronic (6 months) RT and RT+BFR performed by patients with stage-2 chronic kidney disease (CKD) improves their glycemic homeostasis and immunometabolic profiles. Patients with CKD under conservative treatment (n = 105 (33 females)) from both sexes were randomized into control (n = 35 (11 females); age 57.6 ± 5.2 years), RT (n = 35 (12 females); age 58.0 ± 6.2 years), and RT+BFR (n = 35 (10 females); 58.0 ± 6.4 years) groups. Chronic RT or RT+BFR (6 months) was performed 3 times per week on non-consecutive days with training loading adjusted every 2 months, RT 50%-60%-70% of 1RM, and RT+BFR 30%-40%+50% of 1RM and fixed repetition number. Renal function was estimated with the glomerular filtration rate and serum albumin level. Metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory assessments were analyzed from blood samples. Six months of RT and RT+BFR were similarly effective in improving glucose homeostasis and hormone mediators of glucose uptake (e.g., irisin, adiponectin, and sirtuin-1), decreasing pro-inflammatory and fibrotic proteins, and attenuating the progression of estimated glomerular filtration rate. Thus, RT+BFR can be considered an additional exercise modality to be included in the treatment of patients with stage 2 chronic kidney disease. Trial registration number: U1111-1237-8231. URL: http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3gpg5w/, no. RBR-3gpg5w. Novelty: Glycemic regulation induced by resistance training prevents the progression of CKD. Chronic RT and RT+BFR promote similar changes in glycemic regulation. RT and RT+BFR can be considered as non-pharmacological tools for the treatment of CKD.

Effects of pre-dialysis resistance training on sarcopenia, inflammatory profile, and anemia biomarkers in older community-dwelling patients with chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been associated with negative outcomes in older people, including inflammatory profile and anemia biomarkers. AIMS: To investigate the effects of pre-dialysis resistance training (RT) on sarcopenia, inflammatory profile, and anemia biomarkers in older patients with CKD. METHODS: A total of 107 patients with CKD (65.4 ± 3.7 years) were randomly allocated into four groups: sarcopenic RT (n = 37), non-sarcopenic RT (n = 20), sarcopenic control (n = 28), and non-sarcopenic control (n = 22). DXA and handgrip strength were used to classify sarcopenia according to EWGSOP-2. Treatment groups underwent a 24-week intervention with RT before each dialysis session, three times per week. Blood sample analysis for ferritin, hepcidin, iron availability, and inflammatory profile (TNFα, IL-6, and IL-10) was conducted. All-cause mortality was recorded over 5 years. RESULTS: Sarcopenic RT group increased iron availability after the intervention, while their counterparts decreased. Ferritin and hepcidin significantly decreased in sarcopenic RT group. RT elicited a reduction in both TNFα and IL-6, while increasing IL-10 in both intervention groups. The rate of sarcopenic subjects substantially decreased after the intervention period (from 37 to 17 in the RT group; p = 0.01). The proportion of deaths was higher (P = 0.033) for sarcopenic subjects (Controls 35.7% vs RT 29.7%) when compared to non-sarcopenic subjects (Controls 18% vs RT 10%). The proportion of deaths decreased according to the randomization group (X2 = 8.704; P < 0.1). CONCLUSIONS: The 24-week RT intervention elicited a better sarcopenia status, better inflammatory profile, and improved anemia biomarkers. Sarcopenia was associated with higher mortality rate in older patients with CKD.

Are Resistance Training-Induced BDNF in Hemodialysis Patients Associated with Depressive Symptoms, Quality of Life, Antioxidant Capacity, and Muscle Strength? An Insight for the Muscle-Brain-Renal Axis.

BACKGROUND: Hemodialysis patients are suffering from depressive symptoms. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels are negatively associated with depressive symptoms and decrease during a single hemodialysis session. Resistance training (RT) might be an additional non-pharmacological tool to increase BDNF and promote mental health. METHODS: Two randomized groups of hemodialysis patients: control (CTL, n = 76/F36; 66.33 ± 3.88 years) and RT (n = 81/F35; 67.27 ± 3.24 years). RT completed six months of training thrice a week under the supervision of strength and conditioning professional immediately before the dialysis session. Training loads were adjusted using the OMNI rating of perceived exertion. The total antioxidant capacity (TROLOX), glutathione (GSH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and BDNF levels were analyzed in serum samples. Quality of life (assessed through Medical Outcomes-SF36), and Beck Depression Inventory was applied. RESULTS: RT improved handgrip strength (21.17 ± 4.38 vs. 27.17 ± 4.34; p = 0.001) but not for CTL (20.09 ± 5.19 vs. 19.75 ± 5.54; p = 0.001). Post-training, RT group had higher values as compared to CTL related to TROLOX (RT,680.8 ± 225.2 vs. CTL,589.5 ± 195.9; p = 0.001) and GSH (RT, 9.33 ± 2.09 vs. CTL,5.00 ± 2.96; p = 0.001). RT group had lower values of TBARS as compared to CTL at post-training (RT, 11.06 ± 2.95 vs. CTL, 13.66 ± 2.62; p = 0.001). BDNF increased for RT (11.66 ± 5.20 vs. 19.60 ± 7.23; p = 0.001), but decreased for CTL (14.40 ± 4.99 vs. 10.84 ± 5.94; p = 0.001). Quality of life and mental health increased (p = 0.001) for RT, but did not change for CTL (p = 0.001). BDNF levels were associated with emotional dimensions of SF36, depressive symptoms, and handgrip (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: RT was effective as a non-pharmacological tool to increased BDNF levels, quality of life, temper the redox balance and decrease depressive symptoms intensity in hemodialysis patients.

Elaboration and validation of the athletes Idiocentric and Allocentric Profile Inventory (I-A Profile).

The athlete's psychological profile is one of the most studied areas in sport psychology, but there is no consensus in this area. The purpose of this study was to elaborate and validate a scale to measure and classify athletes into a Idiocentric-Alocentric profile. The method was split in two phases: a) Items elaboration and theoretical model and b) Validation. Qualitative analyses were performed during the first phase and factorial analysis and Cronbach's Alpha were used to validate the instrument. The final instrument was composed by 27 items and the factorial structure showed three factors for Idiocentrism (Self-Realization & Competitiveness, Hedonism, Team Emotional Distance and a second order factor - Idiocentrism Level) and one factor for the Alocentrism (Alocentrism Level). It was concluded that the pattern and consistency of the results indicate that this inventory could be used as a reliable research tool in Brazilian sports context.

[Albumin and drug therapy in the prognosis of hospitalized elderly]. / Albuminemia e terapia medicamentosa no prognóstico de idosos hospitalizados.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum albumin levels, drugs used, length of hospitalization and number of diseases with the prognosis of hospitalized elderly. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out using a review of medical charts. Variables collected were disease motivating admission, albumin, drugs used and their affinity for albumin and length of stay in an elderly population of a Brazilian public hospital. We used multiple regression to assess whether age, length of stay, medication with or without affinity to albumin and number of drugs motivating admission were causes of death. The relation between dependent and independent variables was analyzed by two-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 277 elderly, 151 with hypoalbuminemia and those using an average of 6.6 +/- 3.80 different prescription drugs most of which had affinity for albumin (4.96 +/- 2.64). Results showed that the number of drugs with affinity for albumin and hospital stay were predictors of death (r = 0.47, R2 = 0.224), (F(8.170) = 6.13; p=0.001). The relation between dependent and independent variables resulted in the mathematical equation: (death= 0.545 - 0.374 (albumin) - 0.195 (days of hospitalization) + 0.175 (number of drugs with affinity for albumin)). CONCLUSION: The mathematical equation obtained by this study demonstrated that albumin and days of hospitalization were inversely correlated with death and directly correlated with the number of drugs bound to albumin.

Obese elderly with diabetes experience more pain and reduced quality of life compared to obese elderly with hypertension.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Growth of elderly population is a worldwide phenomenon that impacts public health. The objective of this study was to compare the pain levels, strength, and quality of life among elderly obese with diabetes or hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study cohort comprised 52 obese elderly subjects with hypertension (n = 35) and diabetes (n = 17). The parameters measured were anthropometric features, handgrip strength, visual analog scale for pain, and quality of life using the World Health Organization questionnaire. RESULTS: The level of pain reported by obese hypertensive elderly subjects (5.3 ± 3.4) was lower than reported by obese diabetic elderly subjects (7.4 ± 2.4). Obese hypertensive elderly scored higher on quality of life (sensory functioning and past, present, and future [PPF] activities) than obese diabetic elderly. No differences were observed for the other parameters. Strength, pain, anthropometrics, and hemodynamics were not correlated to quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Obese elderly diabetics exhibit worse pain scores, sensorial abilities, and PPF activities than obese hypertensive elderly individuals. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS: The difference in pain and quality of life aspects between obese elderly individuals with hypertension and diabetes should be accounted for in health-care programs designed for these individuals.

Resistance training improves sleep quality, redox balance and inflammatory profile in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Patients in maintenance hemodialisys (HD) present sleep disorders, increased inflammation, unbalanced redox profiles, and elevated biomarkers representing endothelial dysfunction. Resistance training (RT) has shown to mitigate the loss of muscle mass, strength, improve inflammatory profiles, and endothelial function while decreasing oxidative stress for those in HD. However, the relation between those factors and sleep quality are inadequately described. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of 3 months of RT on sleep quality, redox balance, nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, inflammation profile, and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in patients undergoing HD. Our primary goal was to describe the role of RT on sleep quality. Our secondary goal was to evaluate the effect of RT on NO, metabolism markers, and inflammatory and redox profiles as potential mechanisms to explain RT-induced sleep quality changes. Fifty-five men undergoing maintenance hemodialysis were randomized into either a control (CTL, n = 25) and RT group (RTG; n = 30). Participants in the RT group demonstrated an improvement in sleep pattern, redox, inflammatory profiles, and biomarkers of endothelial function (NO2- and ADMA). This group also increased muscle strength (total workload in RT exercises of upper and lower limbs). These findings support that RT may improve the clinical status of HD patients by improving their sleep quality, oxidative and inflammatory parameters.

Acupuncture Treatment in Elderly People with Sarcopenia: Effects on the Strength and Inflammatory Mediators.

INTRODUCTION: Sarcopenia is defined as the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, associated with aging. A multidisciplinary approach has been increasingly prioritized in elderly care. A technique that has been widely used by the seniors is acupuncture. OBJECTIVES: To analyse the effects of acupuncture in muscle strength and in inflammatory markers of older people with sarcopenia. METHODS: The sample was composed by 53 elderly people, aged over 60 years. Inclusion criteria were as follows: male and female seniors, sedentary and who were not under acupuncture treatment during the survey period. Assessment of body composition, handgrip strength, and functional test and IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α cytokines analyses were performed. After verification of the physical examination, the subjects were divided into two groups (sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic). The first group was then randomized (by drawing lot) to be further divided into two subgroups: G1, composed of sarcopenic elderly people who received acupuncture intervention, and G2, composed of sarcopenic elderly people who did not receive intervention. The nonsarcopenic elderly people composed the group 3 (G3) and did not receive acupuncture intervention. ANOVA Split Plot was performed for intergroup comparison. For intragroup evaluation, ANOVA was conducted for repeated measures. For the delta values, ANCOVA was performed with the pretest as covariant. A p < 0.05 significance level was adopted. RESULTS: 26 older people concluded the collections. There was no statistically significant difference between the G1 group and the other ones regarding the assessed variables (muscle mass, muscle strength, functionality, and inflammatory markers). CONCLUSION: The results allow us to infer that it is possible that the conducted intervention protocol has not produced any significant effects in the studied population. UTN number: RBR-8df2h4.

[Elaboration and validation of the Depression Scale for the Elderly]. / Elaboração e validação da Escala de Depressão para Idosos.

The objective of this study was to develop and validate the Depression Scale for the Elderly. An explanatory theoretical model was developed for depression, consisting of three categories: cognitive, affective, and somato-motor. The items elaborated thusly were submitted to semantic analysis and judges. The pilot instrument was applied to 340 subjects, 88% of whom were females, mostly with complete primary education (67.9%), and a mean age of 63.74 (SD = 6.87) years. The sample also responded to the Beck Depression Index (BDI). Validation of the scale was based on factor analyses (Principal Axis Factoring) and analysis of the items' internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). Multiple regressions evaluated the predictive power of the factors in the depression scale for the elderly on the final BDI score. Scale validation demonstrated that the depression scale for the elderly is composed of two factors: cognitive-affective and somato-motor, which explain 53% of the BDI (convergent validity). One can thus state that the depression scale for the elderly consists of factors that assess different aspects of the depression construct (factor validity), which present internal consistency indices within the psychometric standards.

[Assistance for customers with sexually transmitted diseases at pharmacies in the Federal District, Brazil: an intervention study]. / Práticas de atendimento a DST nas farmácias do Distrito Federal, Brasil: um estudo de intervenção.

A quantitative survey was conducted to analyze the type of assistance provided by pharmacy employees for cases of STDs. Simulated customer visits and interviews were conducted in 70 pharmacies in Brasilia and Taguatinga, Brazil, randomly assigned to two groups, one of which participated in educational activities on STDs. There were 411 simulated client visits to the pharmacies, with the following results: recommendation to seek medical care in 30% of cases, while in 70% of cases the pharmacy employees themselves recommended some drug treatment (although only 16.4% admitted to such practice). None of these suggested treatments was appropriate, based on the syndromic approach. Recommendations for prevention and treatment of partners were rare. Pharmacists recommended consulting a physician more frequently than attendants, and the latter recommended medicines more frequently than the former. Pharmacy workers had only superficial knowledge of STDs. After an educational intervention, none of the indicators showed a significant improvement in either group. The observations point to the need for regulation and intervention to publicize educational practices for the control of diseases like STDs and for the rational use of medicines in pharmacies.

Características psicométricas da versão brasileira do Sport Emotion Questionnaire (SEQ-BR) / Características psicométricas de la versión brasileña del Sport Emotion Questionnaire (SEQ-BR) / Psychometric characteristics of the Brazilian version of the Sport Emotion Questionnaire (SEQ-BR)

En este trabajo presentamos una versión traducida y adaptada del Sport Emotion Questionnaire (SEQ) en portugués brasileño, además de explorar sus características psicométricas. En el Estudio 1 se elaboró la versión brasileña del SEQ (SEQ-BR) de acuerdo con las directrices del proceso de adaptación transcultural, se evaluó la validez de contenido y el acuerdo entre evaluadores. La concordancia entre los evaluadores fue casi excelente (0.77 £ Kappa £ 0.89) y el instrumento se consideró válido desde el punto de vista de su contenido en cuanto a claridad (CVCt = 0.91) y pertinencia (CVCt = 0.93). En el Estudio 2, 895 atletas brasileños de diferentes deportes respondieron al SEQ-BR durante competiciones nacionales e internacionales. Se realizaron análisis factoriales para explorar y confirmar la estructura factorial del SEQ-BR. La estructura con cinco factores presentó un ajuste satisfactorio [χ2 (199) = 395.59; χ2/gl = 1.99; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.98; GFI = 0.98; RMSEA = 0.033], además de invarianza factorial entre grupos y consistencia interna adecuada en todos los factores (0.78 £ ω £ 0.85). Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, el SEQ-BR presenta adecuación en cuanto a la validación del contenido y características psicométricas satisfactorias, proporcionando un instrumento estable, consistente y fiable para medir las emociones precompetitivas en atletas brasileños. (AU)

Neste trabalho apresentamos uma versão traduzida e adaptada doSport Emotion Questionnaire(SEQ) para o Português brasileiro, e exploramossuas características psicométricas. No Estudo 1 foi produzida a versão brasileira do SEQ (SEQ-BR)de acordo com as diretrizes para o processo de adaptação transcultural, eavaliadas a validade de conteúdo e a concordância entre os juízes. O julgamento quanto a concordância entre os juízes foi quase excelente (0.77£Kappa£0.89) e o instrumento foi considerado válido do ponto de vista do seu conteúdo quanto a clareza (CVCt= 0.91) e pertinência (CVCt= 0.93). No Estudo 2, 895 atletas brasileiros de diferentes modalidades esportivas responderam o SEQ-BR durante competições nacionais e internacionais. As análises fatoriais foram realizadas para explorar e confirmar a estrutura fatorial do SEQ-BR. Aestrutura com cinco fatores apresentou um ajuste satisfatório [χ2(199) = 395.59; χ2/gl = 1.99; CFI = 0.98;TLI = 0.98;GFI = 0.98;RMSEA = 0.033], além de invariância fatorial entre grupos e consistência interna adequada em todos os fatores (0.78£ω£0.85). Diante do exposto, o SEQ-BR apresenta adequação quanto à validação do conteúdo e características psicométricas satisfatórias, fornecendo um instrumento estável, consistente e confiável para mensurar emoções pré-competitivas em atletas brasileiros. (AU)

Here we present an adapted version oftheSport Emotion Questionnaire (SEQ)translated to Brazilian Portuguese, and exploreits psychometric characteristics. In Study 1, the Brazilian version of the SEQ (SEQ-BR) was produced according to the guidelines for the cross-cultural adaptation process, and the content validity and inter-rater agreement were evaluated. The agreement was almost excellent between judges (0.77£Kappa£0.89),and the instrument was considered valid from thecontent viewpoint, regarding clarity (CVCt= 0.91) and relevance (CVCt= 0.93). In Study 2, 895 Brazilian athletes from different types of sports answered the SEQ-BR during national and international competitions. Factor analysis were performed to exploreand confirm the factor structure of the SEQ-BR.The structure composed offive factors [χ2(199) = 395.59;χ2/df = 1.99; CFI = 0.98;TLI = 0.98;GFI = 0.98;RMSEA = 0.033], in addition to factorial invariance between groups and adequate internal consistency in all factors (0,78£ω£0,85). The SEQ-BR presents adequacy as to content validity,and satisfactory psychometric characteristics, providing a stable, consistent, and reliable instrument tomeasure pre-competitive emotions in Brazilian athletes. (AU)

Interesses culturais do lazer: práticas versus desejo de vivências de servidores públicos federais aposentados antes da pandemia / Cultural interests of leisure: practices versus desire for the experiences of retired federal public servers before the pandemic

O lazer é uma das alternativas almejadas pelas pessoas para o momento da velhice e da aposentadoria. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e comparar os interesses culturais do lazer mais praticados e os que os servidores públicos federais aposentados do Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação mais gostavam de praticar antes da pandemia. Identificou-se os mais praticados, em ordem decrescente: virtuais, esportivos, intelectuais, turísticos, manuais, sociais e artísticos, e os que preferiam: turísticos, sociais, esportivos, artísticos, intelectuais, manuais e virtuais. Assim, verificou-se que as atividades praticadas não condiziam com aquelas às quais desejariam se dedicar, dado esse que nos indica a necessidade de se trabalhar com a educação para e pelo lazer ao longo de toda a vida para que o lazer seja melhor vivenciado e usufruído quando chegada a aposentadoria.

Leisure is one of the alternatives desired by people for the time of old age and retirement. The objective of this study was to identify and compare the cultural interests of leisure most practiced and those that retired federal civil servants from the National Education Development Fund most liked to practice before the pandemic. The most practiced were identified, in descending order: virtual, sporty, intellectual, tourist, manual, social and artistic, and those who prefered: tourist, social, sports, artistic, intellectual, manual and virtual. Thus, it was found that the activities performed are not consistent with those they would like to engage in, which indicates the need to work with education for and through leisure throughout life so that leisure is better experienced and enjoyed when retirement comes.

Evidence of Validity and Perspectives for Resilience Scales in Sport / Evidências de Validade e Perspectivas para Escalas de Resiliência no Esporte

Abstract The aim of this review was to identify the scales used to measure resilience in athletes and to assess their psychometric and semantic adaptations for the sporting context. An electronic search was conducted in six databases, for 2008-2019, and 43 articles were selected. The results showed 11 scales applied to evaluate resilience in athletes. In the semantic field, 11 factors were identified, conceptually different, that define the property of the psychological system for sports resilience. This study concluded that scales identified in literature to assess athletes' resilience have been used indiscriminately. Only five had their psychometric properties evaluated for the sports context. Therefore, sport psychology lacks a sport-specific measure for resilience.

Resumo O objetivo desta revisão foi identificar as escalas utilizadas para avaliar a resiliência em atletas bem como as adaptações psicométricas e semânticas para o contexto esportivo. Uma busca eletrônica foi conduzida em seis bases de dados, 2008-2019. Foram selecionados 43 artigos. Os resultados mostraram 11 escalas aplicadas para avaliar a resiliência em atletas. No campo semântico, foram identificados 11 fatores, conceitualmente distintos, que definem a propriedade do sistema psicológico para a resiliência esportiva. Este estudo concluiu que as escalas identificadas na literatura para avaliar a resiliência de atletas têm sido usadas de forma indiscriminada. Apenas cinco tiveram suas propriedades psicométricas avaliadas para o contexto esportivo. Portanto, a psicologia do esporte carece de uma medida específica do esporte para resiliência.

Benefits of combined interventions for cognitive enhancement in older adults / Benefícios de intervenções combinadas para aprimoramento cognitivo em idosos

Objective: To investigate the effects of different combined interventions (Stimullus, MEMO, physical activity, and psychoeducation) on the cognitive performance of older adults. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with pre- and post-intervention. Thirty-four older adults underwent different combined interventions for a period of 48 weeks and were evaluated at three different points (pre-intervention; post-cognitive intervention; post-physical activity or psychoeducation intervention). Cognitive domains (verbal episodic memory, executive function, general cognitive performance) and depressive symptoms were evaluated. Results: Postintervention gains in global, attentional, and mnemonic cognition were observed, as well as a reduction in depressive symptoms. The MEMO intervention + physical activity or psychoeducation resulted in greater cognitive gains, while Stimullus + psychoeducation showed benefits only in evocation and the free learning index, while Stimullus + physical activity resulted in improvement in the investigated variables. Conclusion: The results of these combined interventions appear promising for healthy older adults and the impact of these interventions should be discussed with individual older patients and evaluated more broadly in the context of public health.

Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos de diferentes intervenções combinadas (Stimullus, MEMO, física e psicoeducacional) no desempenho cognitivo de idosos. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo quase experimental com pré e pós-intervenção. Trinta e quatro idosos foram submetidos a diferentes intervenções combinadas pelo período de 48 semanas e avaliados em três tempos diferentes (pré-intervenção; pós-intervenção cognitiva; pós-intervenção física ou psicoeducacional), nos quais foram analisados domínios cognitivos (memória episódica verbal, funções executivas, desempenho cognitivo geral) e sintomas depressivos. Resultados: Após as intervenções, observaram-se ganhos na cognição global, atencional e mnemônica, bem como redução dos sintomas depressivos. A intervenção MEMO (física ou psicoeducacional) resultou em maiores ganhos cognitivos, enquanto Stimullus + psicoeducacional demonstrou benefícios apenas no índice de evocação e aprendizagem livre, e Stimullus + atividades físicas não apresentou melhora em nenhuma das variáveis investigadas. Conclusão: Os achados positivos dessas intervenções combinadas parecem promissores no contexto de idosos saudáveis, e o impacto dessas intervenções deve ser discutido em relação às especificidades de cada indivíduo idoso e avaliado mais amplamente no contexto de saúde pública.

Sports participation among Brazilian adolescents and children: systematic review / Participação esportiva entre adolescentes e crianças brasileiras: revisão sistemática

Abstract The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of sports participation in Brazilian children and adolescents through a systematic literature review. A search was carried out in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, WEB OF SCIENCE, BIREME, SCIELO, and SCOPUS for manuscripts published until 2020, combining the keywords: "children", "adolescents", "prevalence", and "sports participation", in Portuguese and English. Twenty-six articles published between 2003 and 2020 were included in the review, with the aim of estimating the prevalence of participation in organized sports in Brazilian children and adolescents. Considering the regions where the studies were carried out, the majority were developed in the south (57.7%; n=15), followed by the southeast (19.2%; n=05), and northeast (15.4%; n=04), in addition to 7.7% (n=02) in all regions of the country. The data showed prevalence of sports participation ranging from 15.0% to 73.2% (mean of 44.8%) among children and adolescents, being higher in males (63.1%). From the results found, the need to develop public policies is evident, in order to favor adherence and maintenance of young people to sports practice, especially among those of the female sex.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a prevalência de participação esportiva em crianças e adolescentes brasileiros por meio de uma revisão sistemática de literatura. A busca foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados eletrônicas: MEDLINE, WEB OF SCIENCE, BIREME, SCIELO e SCOPUS de manuscritos publicados até o ano de 2020, por meio da combinação das palavras-chave: "crianças", "adolescentes", "prevalência" e "participação esportiva", em português e inglês. Foram incluídos na revisão 26 artigos publicados no período de 2003 a 2020, com objetivo de estimar a prevalência de crianças e adolescentes brasileiros acerca da participação em esportes organizados. Quanto a região de realização do estudo, a maioria foi desenvolvido no sul (57.7%; n=15), seguido do sudeste (19.2%; n=05) e nordeste (15.4; n=04), além de 7.7% (n=02) em todas as regiões do país. Os dados mostraram prevalências de participação esportiva que variaram entre 15.0% a 73.2% (média de 44.8%) entre crianças e adolescentes, sendo superior no sexo masculino (63.1%). A partir dos resultados encontrados evidencia-se a necessidade do desenvolvimento de políticas públicas para favorecera aderência e manutenção de jovens para a prática esportiva, principalmente entre aqueles do sexo feminino.