Safety and efficacy of teplizumab in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

AIM: To provide updated efficacy and safety information for teplizumab in the treatment of Stage 3 type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing teplizumab to placebo for T1DM that reported any of the following outcomes: (1) C-peptide area under the curve (AUC); (2) glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels; (3) insulin requirements; and (4) adverse events. Heterogeneity was examined with I2 statistics. p values <0.05 were taken to indicate statistical significance. The continuous endpoints were compared through the pooled mean difference (MD) and binary endpoints were assessed using risk ratios, both with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager Web software. RESULTS: Eight RCTs with 1052 patients (754 receiving teplizumab) were included. Teplizumab significantly increased the AUC of C-peptide levels at 6 (MD 0.10 nmol/L, 95% CI 0.05, 0.16), 12 (MD 0.13 nmol/L, 95% CI 0.06, 0.20), 18 (MD 0.18 nmol/L, 95% CI 0.09, 0.27) and 24 months (MD 0.16 nmol/L, 95% CI 0.02, 0.31), significantly reduced HbA1c levels at 6 (MD -0.57%, 95% CI -1.07, -0.08) and 12 months (MD -0.31%, 95% CI -0.59, -0.02), and significantly reduced insulin requirements at 6 (MD -0.12 U/kg, 95% CI -0.16, -0.08), 12 (MD -0.11 U/kg, 95% CI -0.15, -0.07), 18 (MD -0.17 U/kg, 95% CI -0.26, -0.09) and 24 months (MD -0.11 U/kg, 95% CI -0.22, -0.01). CONCLUSION: Teplizumab increases AUC of C-peptide levels and decreases HbA1c levels and insulin use, without raising serious adverse event risk.

Association between intuitive eating and health outcomes in outpatients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between intuitive eating and health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes in a cross-sectional study. METHODS: Consecutively, outpatients attending at university hospital underwent clinical, laboratory, lifestyle, and eating behavior evaluations. Intuitive eating was assessed using the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2), and the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-21 was adopted as a confirmatory tool for disordered eating behavior. Optimized health outcomes were considered according to the American Diabetes Association criteria for BMI, HbA1c, lipid profile, and blood pressure values, and the International Diabetes Federation criteria for waist circumference. Considering the answers of the IES-2 items, patients were grouped by latent class analysis, and their characteristics were compared by appropriate tests. RESULTS: In total, 267 patients were evaluated: 62.2% women, with 60 (53-65) years, BMI 31.9 ± 5.4 kg/m², diabetes duration of 16 ± 9 years, HbA1c 8.5 ± 1.5%, and an IES-2 total score of 58 (50-67)%. Three intuitive eating groups were identified: higher intuitive eating, nonemotional-oriented coping, and lower intuitive eating. Patients with higher intuitive eating have higher chances of having optimized BMI and serum triglycerides values compared to patients with lower intuitive eating. Also, the 10-point increase on IES-2 was associated with a 0.62 kg/m² reduction on BMI values (95%CI -1.18;-0.06), 1.90 cm on waist circumference (95%CI -3.26;-0.54), and 23 mg/dL in serum triglycerides values (95%CI -38.27;-7.40) after adjustment for age, sex, psychotropic drug use, medication effect score, smoking, and BMI. CONCLUSION: Intuitive eating seems to be associated with optimized health outcomes and may contribute to better personalized interventions in nutritional treatment that promote adaptive behaviors in diabetes management, but should be tested.

Identifying mood disorders and health-related quality of life of individuals submitted to mandatory military service.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of mood disorders in Brazilian soldiers. METHODS: A total of 353 soldiers answered the following questionnaires: the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Profile of Mood States (POMS), the medical outcomes study SF-36 questionnaire, the Baecke questionnaire to assess the level of habitual physical activity (HPA) and the socioeconomic (SE) status questionnaire. Participants were classified according to their desire to pursue a military career. RESULTS: Accordingly, 246 participants were allocated to a volunteer group (VG) and 107 to a non-volunteer group (NVG). According to the BDI data for both groups, 66.5% of the soldiers showed at least mild depressive symptoms. Additionally, the STAI data revealed that 27.8% and 8.4% of the soldiers showed high scores on state anxiety and trait anxiety, respectively. The POMS scores were higher in the NVG compared to the VG (Δ%=+263%, p<0.0001). Of the eight subscales, the SF-36 questionnaire showed statistical differences between the groups in the following five dimensions: functioning capacity (p = 0.0046), pain (p = 0.0011), vitality (p < 0.0001), role limitations due to emotional problems (p < 0.0001) and mental health (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Mood disorder levels were higher and health status and related quality of life levels were lower in the NVG as compared to the VG.

Defining Optimal Settings for Lung Cryobiopsy in End-Stage Pulmonary Disease. A Human, Ex Vivo, Diseased Lung Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate optimal settings of probe size, freezing time, and distance to the pleura that influence the size and quality of biopsy specimens during transbronchial lung cryobiopsies in ESPD. METHODS: We prospectively recruited 17 patients undergoing lung transplantation. We created a nonperfused ex vivo bronchoscopy setting to perform multiple cryobiopsies with different probe sizes (1.7, 1.9, and 2.4 mm), freezing times (3, 5, 7, 10, 20, 30 seconds), and probe distance from pleura (5, 10, and 20 mm). Alveolated pulmonary parenchyma area≥50% in histology was considered a good quality biopsy, with a minimum procedural artifact. We used logistic regression to identify independent parameters as risk factors for histologic adequacy. RESULTS: A total of 545 cryobiopsies were obtained from 34 explanted lungs after pneumonectomy for lung transplantation. The mean maximum diameter of the specimen achieved with the 1.7 probe was larger (13.5 mm) than those obtained with 1.9 and 2.4 mm probes (11.3 and 10.7 mm, P= 0.07). More pleural macroscopic damage and pleural tissue in histology occurred with the 2.4 mm probe ( P <0.001). There was no difference in the quality of specimens between the different freezing times and the distance from the pleura. CONCLUSIONS: Freezing time and distance from the pleura did not affect the histologic quality for diagnosing ESPD in severely damaged lungs. Smaller cryoprobe size did not negatively affect sample adequacy.

Gender representation among speaking and leader roles at European cardio-thoracic surgical annual meetings.

OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to evaluate gender representation among session leaders and abstract presenters at European cardio-thoracic surgical annual meetings. METHODS: We did a descriptive study of the gender distribution among session leaders and abstract presenters at 2 European cardio-thoracic international meetings from 2017 to 2022. Data from publicly available programmes were used to generate a list of session leaders and abstract presenters. The primary outcome was to evaluate the proportion of female sessions leaders at the annual meetings. Descriptive analyses were performed including the Cochran-Armitage trend test for linear trend of proportions. RESULTS: A total of 1025 sessions of 11 annual meetings of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) and the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons were examined. A total of 397 (13.2%) out of 3007 total session leaders and 955 (15.2%) out of 6251 abstract presenters were female. From 2017 to 2022, the proportions of both female session leaders and abstract presenters trended significantly [10.4% to 21.9% (P < 0.001) and 13.7% to 18.3% (P < 0.001), respectively]. The EACTS female members and female meeting attendees significantly increased from 2017 to 2022 [11.1% to 15.9% (P < 0.001) and 23.7% to 26.9% (P < 0.001)], respectively. Most of the women attendees at the EACTS and the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons meetings who were session leaders and speakers came from Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States. CONCLUSIONS: Women are under-represented compared to men in leadership and speaking roles at European cardio-thoracic surgical annual meetings. In the past few years, an encouraging positive trend over time for female leadership roles has been noted; as a result, the proportion of female society members is represented at the annual meetings. However, a substantial gender gap still exists in leading roles of meeting attendees.

Balloon Dilation for Endosonographic Staging in Esophageal Cancer: A Phase 1 Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Dilation in patients with malignant esophageal strictures precluding the passage of the endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) scope allows complete evaluation; however, it may be associated with complications. This study evaluates the safety and clinical value of balloon dilation to complete EUS in patients with stenotic esophageal cancers. METHODS: This study consists of a phase I clinical trial. One-hundred-and fifty patients were recruited. Endoscopic balloon dilation was performed before EUS in patients with high-grade stenosis. The analysis was focused on the ability to complete an endosonographic examination after dilation, 30-day morbidity, and change in the final stage or definitive management based on the completed endosonographic examination. RESULTS: Dilation was required in 55 patients (36.7%), with a complication rate of 10.9% (n = 6). Dilation allowed completion of EUS in 53 patients (96.4%), leading to a modification of the clinical stage for 18 patients (34%) and a deviation in the treatment plan in 7 patients (13.2%). No differences were found in these variables when compared with the group that did not require dilation (26.3% and 14.7%, P = .33 and P = .79, respectively). Dilation was associated with more advanced disease on final pathology among patients who underwent surgical resection (P = .006). CONCLUSIONS: High-grade malignant esophageal strictures that preclude the passage of the ultrasound probe are associated with advanced stage disease. Owing to the high risk of perforation and the limited benefit in staging, balloon dilation to complete the EUS staging should be avoided. (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01950442.).

Lung Cryobiopsy Outside of the Operating Room: A Safe Alternative to Surgical Biopsy.

OBJECTIVE: Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) is a promising technique that can provide a histologic diagnosis in interstitial lung diseases (ILD) and is an alternative to surgical lung biopsy. The main concerns with the procedure are safety and diagnostic accuracy. The technique is applicable in patients unable to undergo surgical biopsy due to severe comorbidities or when patient transport to the operating room is dangerous. This study reports the initial experience with TBLC on a thoracic surgical service as a first attempt at diagnosis in patients with diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLD). METHODS: Between May 2018 and July 2020, 32 patients underwent TBLC using bedside flexible bronchoscopy for suspected ILD on a thoracic surgical endoscopy service. Retrospective evaluation of the procedure details, complications, and diagnostic yield were analyzed and reported. RESULTS: A total of 89 pathological samples were obtained (mean 2.8 per patient). Pneumothorax and minor bleeding occurred in 25% and 16.7% of patients, respectively. Sixty-seven percent of complications occurred with use of the 2.4 mm cryoprobe (P = 0.036). Concordance between the histologic diagnosis and final clinical diagnosis was observed in 62.5% of patients and the pathology guided the final treatment in 71% (P = 0.027) with Kappa-concordance of 0.60 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Cryobiopsy is becoming part of the diagnostic evaluation in patients with indeterminate DPLD or hypoxemic respiratory failure. TBLC is easy to perform and has a favorable safety profile. Thoracic specialists should consider adding TBLC to their procedural armamentarium as a first option for patients with indeterminate PLD.

Transvascular endosonographic-guided needle biopsy of intrathoracic lesions.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy techniques, including endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA), are currently the standard of care for the assessment of mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Traditionally, passing the needle through and through vascular structures has been avoided owing to the risk of bleeding. In this study, we evaluated the safety and diagnostic accuracy of transvascular endosonographic-guided biopsies of mediastinal, hilar and lung lesions. Our hypothesis is that the approach is safe and adds to the endoscopic armamentarium, avoiding the need for surgical biopsy in specifically selected cases. METHODS: One hundred patients who underwent transvascular EBUS- or EUS-guided biopsy between 2012 and 2018 were identified from a prospective interventional endoscopy database. RESULTS: Biopsy was performed under EUS guidance in 65 patients and under EBUS guidance in 35 patients. The most frequent targets were the mediastinum (60 patients), lung (21 patients), and hilar lymph nodes (16 patients). The aorta was the vessel most commonly traversed (n = 57), followed by the pulmonary artery (n = 33). A median of 2 passes were performed per target (range, 1-5). The samples were adequate to make a diagnosis in 80 patients, and the endoscopic diagnosis was a malignancy in 62 patients. The overall sensitivity was 71.5%, and the accuracy was 74.5%. There were no observed intraoperative or immediate postoperative complications. A delayed complication, aortic pseudoaneurysm, was observed in 1 patient. Follow-up was completed in 84 patients, with a median duration of 12.3 ± 18 months. CONCLUSIONS: Transvascular endosonographic-guided biopsy is an important adjunct to conventional endoscopic techniques and allows the thoracic endoscopist to obtain biopsy specimens from intrathoracic lesions that are not accessible without vascular puncture.

Experience of caries and tooth loss in rural citrus workers in Northeast Brazil / Experiência de cárie e perda dentária de trabalhadores rurais da citricultura no Nordeste brasileiro

Objective: To evaluate the experience of caries and tooth loss in rural citrus workers in Northeast Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, quantitative, and descriptive study carried out using a non-probabilistic sample of rural citrus workers linked to the Occupational Health Reference Center. Generalist and dental questionnaires were applied and clinical examinations were performed by two calibrated examiners on 619 participants in Basic Health Units to establish the sample DMFT index and to detail their characteristics of interest. Results: The sample was predominantly male (71%), with young adults between 20 and 40 years (50,9%), with low education (76%) and low income (59,3%). The mean DMFT index of the sample was 14.29 and the component regarding tooth loss (M) 9.97, corresponding to approximately 70% of this value. Moreover, 90,1% of the evaluated participants had losses of at least one dental element and 27,8% had a functional loss with less than 21 teeth in the oral cavity, while 86.3% said they had never attended an oral health service. Of the participants who have already attended, 83,6% were over six months ago, motivated by pain (43,8%) and caries (14,7%). Conclusions: The rural citrus workers evaluated had negative experiences with dental caries and a high rate of functional tooth loss, leading them vulnerable to stomatognathic system imbalances and showing the need for prevention and promotion of oral health

Objetivo: Avaliar a experiência de cárie e perda dentária de trabalhadores rurais da citricultura no Nordeste brasileiro. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, quantitativo e descritivo, realizado com amostra não probabilística de citricultores rurais vinculados ao Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador. Foram aplicados questionários (generalista e odontológico), e exames clínicos foram realizados por dois examinadores calibrados em 619 participantes em Unidades Básicas de Saúde, para estabelecer o índice CPO-D da amostra e detalhar suas características de interesse. Resultados: A amostra foi predominantemente masculina (71%), com adultos jovens entre 20 e 40 anos (50,9%), com baixa escolaridade (76%) e baixa renda (59,3%). O índice CPO-D médio da amostra foi de 14.29, e o componente relativo à perda dentária (P) de 9.97, correspondendo a aproximadamente 70% desse valor. Além disso, 90,1% dos participantes avaliados tiveram perdas de, pelo menos, um elemento dentário, e 27,8% tiveram perda funcional com menos de 21 dentes na cavidade oral, enquanto 86,3% afirmaram nunca ter frequentado um serviço de saúde bucal. Dos participantes que já frequentaram, 83,6% foram há mais de seis meses, motivados por dores (43,8%) e cárie (14,7%). Conclusões: Os citricultores rurais avaliados apresentaram experiências negativas com cárie dentária e alto índice de perda funcional dos dentes, tornando-os vulneráveis aos desequilíbrios do sistema estomatognático e evidenciando a necessidade de prevenção e promoção da saúde bucal.

Mortalidade por Câncer de Mama: uma Análise da Tendência no Ceará, Nordeste e Brasil de 2005 a 2015 / Breast Cancer Mortality: a Trend Analysis in Ceará, Northeast and Brazil from 2005 to 2015 / Mortalidad del Cáncer de Mama: un Análisis de Tendencias en Ceará, Nordeste y Brasil de 2005 a 2015

Introdução: Informações sobre mortalidade por câncer de mama podem ser úteis para o planejamento de políticas públicas. Objetivo: Analisar a tendência da mortalidade por câncer de mama em mulheres no Estado do Ceará. Método: Estudo descritivo exploratório cujas variáveis utilizadas foram: ano e local da ocorrência do óbito, sexo, causa básica de morte e a idade em faixa etária. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada no programa Gretl, por meio de regressão linear, no qual as taxas de mortalidade por câncer de mama foram consideradas variáveis dependentes e os anos do período estudado, variáveis independentes. Foram apresentados os coeficientes de regressão, seus intervalos de confiança de 95% e os respectivos valores-p dos testes de significância estatística. Resultados: Foram notificados 141.168 óbitos por câncer de mama em todo o Brasil. O Estado Ceará representa 3,73% desse total e apresentou um aumento de 92,7% no número de óbitos por câncer de mama. Observou-se um aumento das taxas específicas de mortalidade a partir dos 40 anos de idade se mantendo crescente até a última faixa etária pesquisada. Conclusão: A análise realizada neste estudo evidenciou uma tendência progressiva no número de óbitos no Ceará, no Nordeste e no Brasil. É imprescindível a elaboração de estratégias que priorizem ações, a fim reduzir o atraso na condução dos casos de câncer de mama nos serviços de saúde para que a detecção precoce reduza o número de óbitos.

Introduction: Information on breast cancer mortality can be useful for planning public policies. Objective: Analyze the trend of mortality from breast cancer in women in the state of Ceará. Method: Exploratory descriptive study whose variables were: year and place of death, sex, basic cause of death, and age in an age range. The statistical analysis of the data was performed in the Gretl program by means of linear regression where the breast cancer mortality rates were considered dependent variables and he years of the study period, the independent variables. The regression coefficients, their 95% confidence intervals and the respective p-values of the tests of statistical significance were presented. Results: 141,168 deaths from breast cancer were reported across Brazil. The state of Ceará represents 3.73% of this total and had a growth of 92.7% in the number of deaths from breast cancer. There was an increase in specific mortality rates from the age of 40 onwards, increasing until the last age group surveyed. Conclusion: The analysis carried out in this study showed a progressive trend in the number of deaths in Ceará, in the Northeast and in Brazil. It is essential to develop strategies that prioritize actions to shorten the delay in the management of breast cancer cases in health services so that early detection reduces the number of deaths.

Introducción: la información sobre mortalidad por cáncer de mama puede ser útil para planificar políticas públicas. Objetivo: Analizar la tendencia de mortalidad por cáncer de seno en mujeres en el Estado de Ceará. Método: Estudio exploratorio descriptivo cuyas variables utilizadas fueron: año y lugar de muerte, sexo, causa básica de muerte y edad en unrango de edad. El análisis estadístico de los datos se realizó en el programa Gretl mediante regresión lineal donde las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer de mama se consideraron variables dependientes y los años del período estudiado fueron variables independientes. Se presentaron los coeficientes de regresión, sus intervalos de confianza del 95% y los respectivos valores p de las pruebas de significación estadística. Resultados: Se notificaron 141.168 muertes por cáncer de mama en todo Brasil. El Estado de Ceará representa el 3,73% de este total e mostró un aumento del 92,7% en el número de muertes por cáncer de seno. Hubo un aumento en las tasas de mortalidad específicas a partir de los 40 años, aumentando hasta el último grupo de edad encuestado. Conclusión: El análisis realizado en este estudio mostró una tendencia progresiva en el número de muertes en Ceará, en el noreste y en Brasil. Es esencial desarrollar estrategias que prioricen las acciones para reducir la demora en el manejo de casos de cáncer de seno en los servicios de salud para que la detección temprana, reduciendo así el número de muertes.

Família e dependência química ilustradas no cinema (2005-2014): uma perspectiva psicodinâmica / Family and drug addiction illustrated in cinema (2005-2014): a psychodynamic approach

O objetivo do trabalho consistiu em analisar filmes comerciais/ficcionais que apresentam a temática da Dependência Química (DQ), de 2005 a 2014, para caracterizar encenações desse fenômeno em âmbitos familiares. A seleção das obras foi realizada de modo sistemático, em sites especializados em cinema, cruzando termos como "dependência química", "drogas" e "família". A amostra consistiu de 27 títulos, estrangeiros em sua maioria, explorada em três etapas: análise dos filmes conforme aspectos observados na literatura especializada sobre DQ e família, lançamento de informações em planilhas e tratamento quanti-qualitativo de dados. Os filmes explorados focalizam experiências vitais dos dependentes químicos, realçando conflitos internos, laborais e com seus familiares. As psicodinâmicas familiares foram consideradas ambivalentes, com variações drásticas de características consideradas positivas (respeito mútuo, apoio) e negativas (vitimizadoras, abusivas), na maior parte dos títulos (52%).(AU)

In order to characterize drug addiction (DA) in family context illustrated in movies, this paper aimed to analyze blockbuster fictional movies from 2005 to 2014. These were systematically selected from specialized websites, crisscrossing keywords like: DA, drugs and family. The sample was 27 movies, foreign mainly, explored in three steps: movie analysis according to literature topics concerning family and drug addiction, data tab and qualitative-quantitative data analysis. The analyzed movies focused on vital experiences in the drug addicted characters, highlighting inner, labor and family conflicts. Family psychodynamics was considered to be ambivalent, drastically varying positive (mutual respect, support) and negative (abusive, victimization) characteristics, in many (52%) movies.(AU)

Anatomia comparativa da dura-máter de Sapajus libidinosus / Comparative anatomy of dura-mater of Sapajus libidinosus

O Sapajus libidinosus é um primata do novo mundo popularmente conhecido como macaco-prego, geograficamente distribuído por todo território sul-americano, possui características de inquietude e habilidade de manipulação de ferramentas para a obtenção de alimentos. Este estudo teve por objetivo descrever a morfologia dos seios da dura-máter de Sapajus libidinosus numa perspectiva comparativa. Foram utilizados um total de 3 animais adultos e machos oriundos da Universidade Federal de Goiás e fixados em solução aquosa de formaldeído 10%. No encéfalo de S. libidinosus, foi possível observar a fissura longitudinal, profunda e que divide o mesmo em dois hemisférios, esquerdo e direito. O lobo parietal e frontal apresenta-se relativamente lisoencefálico, mas com giros e sulcos bem definidos e no lobo occipital nota-se a predominância do aspecto lisencefálico. Nota-se a presença de 8 seios da dura-máter, que corresponde de modo geral às descrições para outros primatas como Pan, Papio e homem. Notamos a presença dos seios sagital dorsal, seio sagital ventral, seio transverso, seio reto, seio sigmóide, seio temporal e seio basilar, que são semelhantes a Pan, Papio e homem, a presença do seio parietal semelhante à Saimiri sciureus e a ausência do seio occipital, assim como em Macaca mullata. No macaco prego não foram observados os seios intracavernosos, seio esfenoparietal, seio petroso superior, seio petroso inferior, sendo estes descritos em Pan, Papio e Homem. Sendo assim, estes dados demonstram uma possível maior proximidade evolutiva entre Papio e Pan em relação ao homem do que o macaco Sapajus.

Sapajus libidinosus is a new World primate commonly known as capuchin monkey, geographically distributed throughout South America, has characteristics of restlessness and ability to manipulate tools to obtain food. This study aimed to describe the morphology of the dural sinuses of S. libidinosus through a comparative perspective. We used 3 adult male from the Federal University of Goiás, Brazil, fixed in aqueous 10% formaldehyde. The longitudinal fissure in the brain extends deeply and divides the organ into two left right hemispheres, The frontal and parietal lobe presents relatively smooth surface, but with well-defined gyri and sulci. In the occipital lobe, however, smooth surface aspect prevails. We observed eight sinuses of the dura mater, sagittal dorsal, ventral sagittal, transverse, straight, sigmoid, basilar and temporal which corresponds generally to the descriptions of other primates as Pan, Papio and man. Furthermore, parietal sinus similar to Saimiri sciureus and absence of sinus occipital, as in Macaca mullata, were also recorded. In the capuchin monkey, intracavernous, sphenoparietal, superior petrosal and inferior petrosal sinuses, which are described in Pan, Papio and Man, were absent. Taken together, these data point to a possible grater evolutionary proximity to man of Papio and Pan as compared to Cebus.

PET-Saúde: uma experiência prática de integração ensino-serviço-comunidade / The Educational Program for Health Work: a practical experience in the integration of learning, service, and the community

Este trabalho relata a experiência de integração ensino-serviço-comunidade vivenciada por membros de equipes de Saúde da Família e graduandos de Medicina e Enfermagem participantes do PET-Saúde da Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz. A referida integração contextualizou-se com o desenvolvimento do projeto "Unidos contra a dengue", mobilização conjunta da instituição de ensino com o serviço de saúde e a comunidade no combate à dengue no bairro Nossa Senhora da Vitória, Ilhéus-Bahia. O foco das ações desse projeto foram as atividades de educação em saúde, nas quais se empregou preferencialmente metodologias ativas de ensino e aprendizagem. A mobilização contou com a participação expressiva da população das mais diversas faixas etárias. O sucesso do projeto ressalta a importância da implantação de programas como o PET-Saúde, que fortalecem a interação entre ensino-serviço-comunidade - importante para construção de serviços de saúde mais qualificados, capazes de inter-relacionar promoção, prevenção e assistência à saúde, possibilitando ações nessa área mais próximas das reais necessidades do SUS. Com esta experiência, espera-se ter contribuído para a formação de graduandos em saúde e qualificação em serviço de profissionais dessa área mais dispostos a trabalhar de forma integrada e integradora com a comunidade.

This study reports on a practical experience with the integration between learning, services, and the community including members of family health teams and undergraduate medical and nursing students participating in the Educational Program for Health Work (PET-Saúde) at Santa Cruz State University. The integration took place within the context of the project "United Against Dengue", an integrated mobilization of the teaching institution, health services, and community in the fight against dengue fever in the district of Nossa Senhora da Vitória, Ilhéus, Bahia State. The projects focused on health education activities, especially with active teaching and learning methods. The mobilization included a significant range of age groups. The project's success emphasizes the importance of implementing programs such as PET-Saúde that strengthen the interaction between learning, services, and the community, important for developing more qualified health services with the capacity to interrelate health promotion, prevention, and healthcare, fostering health activities more in line with the needs of the Unified National Health System (SUS). This experience aims to contribute to the qualification and training of health professionals and students that are willing to work in an integrated and integrating approach with the community.

Detecção e influência de Fusarium spp. na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de pepino / Detection and influence of Fusarium spp. in physiological quality of cucumber seeds

Este trabalho teve por objetivo isolar, identificar e selecionar isolado(s) de Fusarium spp. em sementes de pepino e verificar a sua influência na qualidade fisiológica. Foram utilizados três sublotes e os tratamentos consistiram em: testemunha absoluta; BDA + manitol - 0,8Mpa; BDA; BDA + manitol - 0,8Mpa + fungo; e BDA + fungo. A qualidade fisiológica foi avaliada através de testes em laboratório e casa de vegetação. Cinco isolados de Fusarium verticillioides foram identificados e a sua transmissão através das sementes para plantas não foi possível afirmar. A técnica da restrição hídrica foi eficiente para proporcionar infecção das sementes, sabendo que e o fungo influencia negativamente na qualidade fisiológica das sementes de pepino da cultivar Caipira.

This research had the objective of isolate, identifying and select isolates (s) of Fusarium spp. in cucumber seeds and checking the influence of this (these) isolate(s) on the physiological quality. Three batches were used and treatments utilized consisted in: absolute witness; PDA + mannitol - 0.8Mpa; PDA pure; PDA + mannitol - 0.8Mpa + fungi; and PDA + fungi. The physiological quality was assessed by tests carried out in laboratory and greenhouse. Five isolates off Fusarium verticillioides were isolated and it was not possible to affirm its transmission through seed. The hydric restriction technique was efficient to provide the infection of cucumber seeds, since this fungus affected the physiological quality of cucumber seeds of this cultivar.

Superação de dormência na qualidade de sementes e mudas: influência na produção de Senna multijuga (L. C. Rich) Irwin & Barneby / Overcoming of dormancy in the quality of seeds and seedlings: influence in the production of Senna multijuga (L.C. Rich) Irwin & Barneby

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de Senna multijuga(L. C. Rich.) Irwin & Barneby relacionada aos métodos de superação de dormência e à interferência na produção de mudas. As sementes foram submetidas aos seguintes métodos: imersão em água fervente, as sementes foram imersas em água, com temperatura de 100°C, até esfriar, por 24 horas; escarificação ácida, onde as sementes foram imersas em ácido sulfúrico (H2SO4) a 90%, por 10 e 20 minutos, e testemunha (sem tratamento). Foram realizados os testes de sanidade, germinação, tetrazólio e avaliação da qualidade das mudas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado. Para a avaliação da germinação foi utilizado um esquema fatorial (4 X 2), com quatro métodos de superação de dormência X dois fotoperíodos, para os substratos rolo-de-papel e vermiculita. A escarificação ácida constituiu-se no método mais eficiente para a superação da dormência das sementes de Senna multijuga. Penicillium sp. e Aspergillus sp. tiveram sua incidência aumentada quando o tegumento foi danificado pela escarificação ácida por 20 minutos. O controle de Fusarium spp. aumentou gradativamente com o aumento do tempo de exposição ao ácido sulfúrico.

The objective of this work was to determine the physiological and sanitary quality of Senna multijugaseeds related to the methods of dormancy overcoming and the influence on the seedlings quality. The seeds had been submitted to the following methods :immersion in water fervent, the seeds had been immersed in water, at 100°C, until cooling for 24 hours; acid escarification, where the seeds had been immersed in sulfuric acid (H2SO4) 90%, for 10 and 20 minutes, and control (without treatment). The tests of sanity, germination and tetrazolium had been carried through, and were evaluated the quality of the seedlings. For the germination of the evaluation an factorial project was used (4 X 2), with four methods of dormancy X two light periods, for substrate paper and vermiculite. The acid scarification consisted in the method most efficient for the dormancy of Senna multijugaseeds. Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. they had for its increased incidence when the seed coast was damaged by the acid scarification for 20 minutes. The control of Fusarium spp. increases gradual with the increase of the time of sulfuric acid exposition.

Envelhecimento acelerado em sementes de trigo / Accelerated aging in wheat seeds

O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de estudar procedimentos de condução do teste de envelhecimento acelerado para determinar o potencial fisiológico de sementes de trigo. Utilizaram-se quatro cultivares: 'Pampeano', 'Safira', 'Ônix' e 'Jaspe'. Foram realizadas determinações de teor de água e avaliações de germinação, emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência e teste de envelhecimento acelerado. O teste de envelhecimento acelerado foi conduzido de três formas: teste tradicional (água), teste com solução saturada de NaCl (11g de NaCl por 100mL de água) e teste com solução supersaturada de NaCl (40g de NaCl por 100mL de água), nos períodos de 48, 72 e 96h de permanência na câmara de envelhecimento a 42°C. O teste de envelhecimento acelerado com solução saturada de NaCl, no período de 96h, foi o mais adequado para avaliar o potencial fisiológico das sementes de trigo, em alto, médio e baixo vigor.

This research aimed to study procedures for conducting the accelerated aging test to determine the physiological potential of wheat seeds. The experiment was conducted with four varieties: 'Pampeano', 'Sapphire', Onyx' and 'Jasper'. Tests were performed with water content, germination, seedling emergence, speed of emergence and accelerated aging. The accelerated aging test was conducted in three stages: traditional (water), test using saturated NaCl solution (11g of NaCl per 100mL of water) and with the use of supersaturated solution of NaCl (40g of NaCl per 100mL of water), each for 48, 72 and 96h at 42°C. The accelerated aging test with saturated solution of NaCl, within 96h was suitable to evaluate the physiological potential of seeds of wheat in high, medium and low vigor.

Avaliação biomecânica funcional em pacientes do ambulatório de dor da fundação centro de controle de oncologia / Functional biomechanics evaluation in patients of the ambulatory of pain of the oncology control center foundation

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A biomecânica funcional exige suporte dinâmico e estático contra forças gravitacionais significativas. Nos pacientes com dor crônica estas funções não são realizadas satisfatoriamente, pois além do sofrimento psicossocial adquirem hábitos e padrões de imobilismo antálgico nos segmentos acometidos que perpetuam sua dor evidenciando a perda de informações sobre o funcionamento normal do seu próprio corpo. Visando correlacionar esses padrões limitantes nos pacientes com dor crônica de origem oncológica, já que a literatura é escassa sobre o assunto, tornou-se objetivo deste estudo avaliar a biomecânica funcional dos pacientes.MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 110 pacientes voluntários, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 20 e 80 anos na Fundação Centro de Controle de Oncologia (FCECON). Aplicou-se um modelo modificado de avaliação biomecânica funcional do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), procurando observar sua aplicabilidade, pois originalmente foi validado nos pacientes portadores de dor musculoesquelética. A avaliação foi composta por entrevista e teste funcional realizada com intervalo de 3 horas em dois momentos, denominados M1 e M2. Os dados coletados foram direcionados para um banco de dados do Excel e as frequências dos M1 e M2 foram calculadas em números absoluto e relativo.RESULTADOS: O resultado final foi expresso pela análise das respostas de todos os domínios no M1 e M2, onde se observaram que 92 (84%) dos pacientes mantiveram as respostas do M1 e M2 da avaliação, enquanto apenas 18 (16%) mudaram as respostas.CONCLUSÃO: O modelo modificado de avaliação biomecânica funcional apresenta aplicabilidade e sensibilidade para detectar alterações no desempenho das tarefas funcionais nos pacientes com dor crônica oncológica da FCECON, pois exibiram correlações estatisticamente significativas e homogeneidade na amostra estudada

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Functional biomechanics requires dynamic and static control against significant gravitational forces. In chronic pain patients these functions are not satisfactorily performed because in addition to the psychosocial distress, they acquire habits and patterns of anti-pain imobilism of painful segments, which perpetuate their pain and show the loss of information about the normal functioning of their own body. This study aimed at evaluating patients' functional biomechanics to correlate these limiting patterns in patients with oncologic chronic pain, since literature is poor on the subject. METHOD: We evaluated 110 volunteer patients of both genders, aged between 20 and 80 years, in the Oncology Control Center Foundation (FCECON). A modified functional biomechanics evaluation model from the Clinicas Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (HC-FMUSP) was applied, aiming at observing its applicability, since it has been originally validated in patients with musculoskeletal pain. Evaluation was made up of interview and functional test performed at 3-hour intervals, called M1 and M2. Collected data were sent to an Excel database and M1 and M2 frequencies were calculated in absolute and relative figures.RESULTS: Final result was expressed by the analysis of answers of all domains in M1 and M2, and it has been observed that 92 (84%) patients have maintained their answers of M1 and M2, while only 18 (16%) have changed their answers. CONCLUSION: The modified functional biomechanics evaluation model has applicability and sensitivity to detect changes in the performance of functional tasks in patients with oncologic chronic pain of FCECON because they have shown statistically significant correlations and homogeneity in the studied sample.