The cardioprotective effect of naringenin against ischemia-reperfusion injury through activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channel in rat.

Naringenin (Nari) has antioxidative and anti-atherosclerosis effects, and activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) can offer cardiac protection. We hypothesized that Nari protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury through activation of KATP. Isolated hearts from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats experienced a 30-min global ischemia followed by 60-min reperfusion (120 min for the infarct size determination). The hearts were treated with Nari (NARI); Nari plus glibenclamide (GLI), a non-specific ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker (NARI+GLI); and Nari plus 5-hydroxy decanoic acid (5-HD), a mitochondrial membrane ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker (NARI+5-HD). The left ventricular pressure, lactate dehydrogenates (LDH) in coronary effluent, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in myocardium, and myocardial infarct area were measured. Nari above 2.5 µmol/L improved the recovery of left ventricular function, decreased LDH in coronary effluent, and reduced myocardial infarct area. The SOD activity was increased and MDA was decreased in Nari-treated myocardium. The cardioprotective effect of Nari was canceled by GLI and 5-HD. In conclusion, Nari has a cardioprotective effect against I-R injury, which may be carried out through activating ATP-sensitive potassium channels in both cell and mitochondrial membrane, and enhancing myocardial antioxidant capacity.

The Inhibition of Oxidised Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Apoptosis of Macrophages by Recombinant Human Brain Natriuretic Peptide and the Underlying Mechanism.

OBJECTIVE: Macrophage apoptosis plays a key role in atherosclerotic plaque rupture. This study investigated the effects of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) on oxidised low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced macrophage apoptosis and explored the underlying mechanism. METHODS: A model of ox-LDL-induced macrophage injury was established to evaluate the role of BNP. Flow cytometry was employed to detect apoptosis and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (x0394;x03A8;m), and confocal microscopy was used to determine cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Additionally, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and colourimetry were used to detect the mRNA expression and activity, respectively, of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). RESULTS: Ox-LDL induced macrophage apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner, and maximum apoptosis occurred at 100 µg/ml ox-LDL (45.62 ± 2.76 vs. 6.84 ± 1.94%; p < 0.05). Conversely, BNP suppressed macrophage apoptosis, with a maximal effect at 10-9 mol/l (18.56 ± 1.79%; p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, intracellular ROS levels increased, x0394;x03A8;m decreased, SOD mRNA expression and activity decreased and MDA mRNA expression and content increased in the 100-µg/ml ox-LDL group (527.30 ± 36.20 vs. 100.00 ± 0.00%, 3.01 ± 0.52 vs. 9.67 ± 0.51%, 0.53 ± 0.18 vs. 1.00 ± 0.00, 256.6 ± 8.20 vs. 355.8 ± 9.58 U/ml, 1.59 ± 0.23 vs. 1.00 ± 0.00 and 29.4 ± 1.68 vs. 5.94 ± 0.51 nmol/ml; p < 0.05); these effects were significantly counteracted by 10-9 mol/l BNP (237.30 ± 30.62%, 6.55 ± 1.57%, 0.90 ± 0.07, 310.4 ± 2.97 U/ml, 1.14 ± 0.10, 20.54 ± 1.55 nmol/ml; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: BNP attenuates ox-LDL-induced macrophage apoptosis by suppressing oxidative stress and preventing x0394;x03A8;m loss.

Nonpharmacological Interventions for Management of the Pain-Fatigue-Sleep Disturbance Symptom Cluster in Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: The pain-fatigue-sleep disturbance symptom cluster is commonly experienced by breast cancer patients, and a variety of nonpharmacological interventions are used to treat this symptom cluster. Objective: To compare the efficacy of nonpharmacological interventions in improving the symptoms of the pain-fatigue-sleep disturbance symptom cluster in breast cancer patients. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, CNKI, and Wanfang databases to identify randomized controlled studies from database inception to May 2022. Two reviewers independently performed data retrieval and risk of bias assessments. The consistency model was used to conduct network meta-analyses (NMA) based on the frequentist framework to assess the interventions, which were ranked by the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). Finally, the CINeMA application was used to evaluate the results of the NMA and the evidence of quality. The results Twenty-three eligible studies assessing 14 interventions were included. According to SUCRA values, among the management effects of the three symptoms, the effect of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) ranked first, followed by mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). The overall evidence quality of our study ranges from very low to moderate. Conclusion: PMR and MBSR were effective interventions for the pain-fatigue-sleep disturbance symptom cluster in breast cancer patients. Clinical recommendations prioritize PMR for symptom management, followed by MBSR. However, this should be interpreted cautiously, as the confidence in the evidence was not high.

Outcomes of transarterial embolization for large symptomatic focal nodular hyperplasia in 17 pediatric patients.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the safety and the long-term outcomes of transarterial embolization (TAE) with lipiodol-bleomycin emulsion (LBE) plus N-Butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) in the treatment of children with large symptomatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH). METHODS: This is a retrospective case serial study. Children (aged <18 years) with FNH were treated. Indications for TAE were patients who were presenting with FNH related abdominal pain and the maximum diameter of FNH is more than 7 cm, and who were not candidates for surgical treatment. Technical success, adverse events, symptoms relief rate, and changes in the lesion size after TAE were evaluated. RESULTS: Between January 2003 and February 2018, 17 pediatric patients were included. Technical success was achieved in all patients. Mean follow-up was 67.5 months. All patients had complete resolution of abdominal symptom. The mean largest diameter of the lesions decreased from 10.5 cm to 1.9 cm (P < 0.01). The mean volume reduction rate was 96.9%. The complete resolution of the FNH was observed in 16 patients. No further therapy was needed for all patients. CONCLUSIONS: TAE with LBE plus NBCA appears to be a safe and effective treatment in pediatric patients with large symptomatic FNH. It could be considered as the first-line treatment for symptomatic large FNH.

Consensus in Identification and Stability of Symptom Clusters Using Different Symptom Dimensions in Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Undergoing Induction Therapy.

CONTEXT: An unresolved issue in symptom cluster (SC) research is that the numbers and types of SCs vary based on the multiple dimensions of the experienced symptoms that are used for SC identification. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify SCs using the ratings of occurrence, severity, and distress in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients at three stages of their induction therapy (i.e., T1, T2, and T3). Then, we evaluated the consensus among the numbers and types of symptoms in each SC identified by multiple dimensions over time. METHOD: The Chinese version of the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale was used to evaluate the occurrence, severity, and distress ratings of 32 symptoms in patients newly diagnosed with AML during their induction therapy. Exploratory factor analysis was used for SCs identification. RESULTS: Using the three dimensions in the AML patients (n = 126), four SCs were identified at T1 and T3 and three SCs were identified at T2. The number of symptoms in individual SCs varied over time, whereas the specific symptoms in SCs remained similar over time. The severity ratings fit the data better than did the ratings of occurrence and distress. CONCLUSION: These findings provided insights into the most common SCs in AML patients undergoing induction therapy by multidimensional evaluation and could lay the foundation for future targeted symptom interventions. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms of SCs in AML patients undergoing the chemotherapy.