Si-Miao-Yong-An Decoction attenuates isoprenaline-induced myocardial fibrosis in AMPK-driven Akt/mTOR and TGF-ß/SMAD3 pathways.

Myocardial fibrosis is well-known to be the aberrant deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), which may cause cardiac dysfunction, morbidity, and death. Traditional Chinese medicine formula Si-Miao-Yong-An Decoction (SMYAD), which is used clinically in cardiovascular diseases has been recently reported to able to resist myocardial fibrosis. The anti-fibrosis effects of SMYAD have been evaluated; however, its intricate mechanisms remain to be clarified. Here, we found that SMYAD treatment reduced the fibrosis injury and collagen fiber deposition that could improve cardiac function in isoprenaline (ISO)-induced fibrosis rat models. Combined with our systematic RNA-seq data of SMYAD treatment, we demonstrated that the remarkable up-regulation or down-regulation of several genes were closely related to the functional enrichment of TGF-ß and AMPK pathways that were involved in myocardial fibrosis. Accordingly, we further explored the molecular mechanisms of SMYAD were mainly caused by AMPK activation and thereby suppressing its downstream Akt/mTOR and TGF-ß/SMAD3 pathways. Moreover, we showed that the ECM deposition and secretion process were attenuated, suggesting that the fibrosis pathological features are changed. Interestingly, we found the similar AMPK-driven pathways in NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblasts treated with ISO. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SMYAD may be a new candidate agent by regulating AMPK-driven Akt/mTOR and TGF-ß/SMAD3 pathways for potential therapeutic implications of myocardial fibrosis.

Study on the effect of polysaccharide from stigma maydison on ATP synthesis in renal mitochondria and its mechanism in D-galactose-induced aging mice / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of Stigma Maydis Palysaccharide(SMPS)on ATP synthesis in kidney mitochondria of D-galactose-induced aging mice, and to clarify its possible mechanism.Methods:The aging mouse model was established by subcutaneous injection of D-galactose solution in the back of the neck.The 48 SPF male mice were randomly divided into normal control group(control group), D-galactose model group(D-Gal group), SMPS low-dose group and SMPS high-dose group(n=12 for each). The control group was subcutaneously injected with 150 mg/kg normal saline on the back of the neck every day, while the other three groups were subcutaneously injected with 150 mg/kg of D-gal solution on the back of the neck every day.SMPS-L and-H dose groups were given 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg of SMPS solution by gavage at the same day of D-Gal injection.The control group and D-GAL group were given the same volume of normal saline daily by gavage for 42 days.Blood samples were collected from the eyeball under general anesthesia after 42 days of intervention for the detection of serum levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and MDA.After harvesting the kidney tissue, various tests were used to detect ATP content, the mRNA expression levels and protein expression levels in kidney.Luciferase assay was used to detect ATP content in renal tissue.Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of succinate dehydrogenase(SDH)of complex Ⅱ, cytochrome C reductase(Cycs)of complex Ⅲ, complex Ⅳ(COXⅣ)and ATP5b in ATP synthase in mitochondrial oxidative respiratory chain.Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of mitochondrial fusion protein 2(MFN2), dynamin-related protein1(DRP1)and mitochondrial autophagy related protein P62 in renal tissues of each group.Results:Compared with control group, the activities of serum of SOD(116.53±10.01)U/mg and GSH-Px(127.58±8.74)μmol/L were significantly decreased in D-GAL group(both P< 0.01), and serum MDA content(15.42±0.91)μmol/L increased significantly in D-GAL group( P<0.01). Compared with D-GAL group, the activities of SOD(152.80±9.29)U/mg and GSH-Px(274.07±10.73)μmol/L were significantly increased in SMPS intervention group( P< 0.01), while the MDA content(8.10±0.66)μmol/L decreased significantly in SMPS intervention group( P< 0.01). Compared with control group, the content of ATP(178±4)10 -4 μmol in D-gal group was significantly decreased( P<0.01), the mRNA expression levels of SDH, Cycs and COXⅣ were not significantly changed in D-gal group, and the mRNA expression level of ATP5b(0.67±0.01)was down-regulated in D-gal group( P<0.01), the expression of MFN2 protein(0.29±0.02)was significantly decreased in D-gal group( P<0.01), and the expression of DRP1 and P62 protein(0.31±0.02 and 0.21±0.01)was significantly increased in D-gal group(both P<0.01). Compared with the D-gal group, the ATP content(193±1)10 -4 μmol in the kidney tissue of the mice was significantly increased in SMPS intervention group( P< 0.01), and the ATP5b mRNA expression and MFN2 protein expression(0.87±0.05 and 0.71±0.08)were significantly increased in SMPS intervention group(both P< 0.01), DRP1 and P62 protein expressions(0.20±0.01 and 0.10±0.01)were significantly down-regulated in in SMPS intervention group(both P< 0.01). Conclusions:SMPS can improve the mitochondrial dynamic homeostasis disorder in aging mice by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, up-regulating the expression of ATP5b mRNA and MFN2 protein, down-regulating the expression of DRP1 and P62 protein, and promoting the generation of mitochondrial ATP in D-gal-induced aging mice kidney tissue.

Ethanol extracts of Siwei Dihuang reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis under high-glucose condition by affecting miR-26b / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To investigate the effect of ethanol extracts of Siwei Dihuang on the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and its mechanism. 【Methods】 The experiment set the control group， model group， model group + ethanol extracts of Siwei Dihuang-L group， model group + ethanol extracts of Siwei Dihuang-M group， model group + ethanol extracts of Siwei Dihuang-H group， model group + miR-NC group， model group + miR-26b group model group + ethanol extracts of Siwei Dihuang-M + anti-miR-NC group， and model group + ethanol extracts of Siwei Dihuang-M + anti-miR-26b group. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis； lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） kit， superoxide dismutase （SOD） kit， and malondialdehyde （MDA） kit were used to detect LDH， SOD activity and MDA content， respectively. Real-time quantitative PCR （RT-qPCR） was used to detect miR-26b and MAPK mRNA levels； luciferase report experiment was conducted to detect the targeting relationship between miR-26b and MAPK. 【Results】 Compared with those in control group， the apoptosis rate of the cardiomyocytes of the model group was significantly increased， MDA content and LDH activity were significantly increased， the activity of SOD was significantly decreased， miR-26b expression was significantly decreased， but MAPK mRNA expression was significantly increased （P<0.05）. Treatment with low， medium and high concentrations of ethanol extracts of Siwei Dihuang could reduce apoptosis rate， MDA content and LDH activity， increase SOD activity and increase miR-26b expression， and decrease MAPK mRNA expression （P<0.05）. Overexpression of miR-26b inhibited high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress. Inhibition of miR-26b reversed the inhibitory effect of ethanol extracts of Siwei Dihuang on H9C2 apoptosis and oxidative stress in high glucose-induced cells. miR-26b targeted and regulated MAPK. 【Conclusion】 Ethanol extracts of Siwei Dihuang can inhibit the apoptosis and oxidative stress of H9C2 cells in high glucose， and its mechanism may be related to the upregulation of miR-26b and MAPK expressions.

Comparison on the visual quality after different multifocal lens implantation in cataract patients / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·AIM: To compare the visual quality after different multifocal lens (MIOL) implantation in cataract patients. ·METHODS: Totally 78 cases (78 eyes) of cataract patients who receiving phacoemulsification and implantation of different MIOL were enrolled from February 2016 to June 2017 in our hospital. According to the different type of implanted MIOL, the 78 cases (78 eyes) were divided Group A,B and C,each group was 26 cases (26 eyes). Patients in the Group A were implanted regional refraction MIOL SBL-3; patients in the Group B implanted step progressive diffraction MIOL SN6AD1;patients in the Group C implanted all - optical plane diffraction MIOL Tecnis ZMB00. The visual acuity, contrast sensitivity,defocus testing,contrast visual acuity and satisfaction of visual quality were compared in 3 groups at postoperative 3mo. · RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative adverse reactions between the three groups (P>0.05). There was statistical difference in uncorrected intermediate visual acuity, uncorrected near visual acuity, distance - corrected intermediate visual acuity and distance- corrected near visual acuity in 3 groups (P < 0. 05), and those in the Group C were significantly worse than those of Group A and B (P<0.05). There was statistical difference in contrast sensitivity at four spatial frequencies (3,6,12,18c/d) in light and light glare and three spatial frequencies (3, 6, 12c/d) in dark and dark glare in 3 groups (P<0.05), and those in the Group A were significantly better than those of Group B and C (P<0.05). According to the defocus testing of 3 groups,the visual acuity at -1.5D,-2.0D and-2. 5D in Group A and B was significantly higher than Group C (P<0. 05). There was statistical difference in contrast visual acuity at 20% and 9% of contrast ratio in 3 groups (P<0.05),and those in Group A were significantly better than Group B and C(P<0.05). There was statistical difference in visual quality satisfaction in 3 groups (P<0.05), and that in the Group A was significantly better than that of Group B and C (P<0.05). ·CONCLUSION:The region refraction MIOL SBL-3 not only could provide better distant, intermediate and near visual acuity, but also could provide better contrast sensitivity and contrast visual acuity, thereby greatly increase visual quality satisfaction.

Clinical efficacy of segmented bifocal intraocular lens SBL-3 / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·AMI:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the segmented bifocal intraocular lens (MIOL) SBL-3. ·METHODS:Totally 26 cases (26 eyes) of age-related cataract who received phacoemulsification and implantation of MIOL SBL-3 were enrolled from February 2016 to June 2017 in our hospital as the SBL-3 group. And 28 cases (28 eyes) of age-related cataract who received phacoemulsification and implantation of single focus intraocular lens intraocular lens TecnisZA9003 were enrolled as control group. At postoperative 3mo, the uncorrected visual acuity, corrected visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and patient satisfaction were compared between two groups. ·RESULTS: At preoperative, there was no statistical difference in uncorrected distance, intermediate and near visual acuity between two groups (P > 0. 05). At postoperatively 3mo, the uncorrected distance, intermediate and near visual acuity in patients of both groups were significantly improved (P < 0. 05). At postoperative 3mo,the uncorrected intermediate and near visual acuity, distance-corrected intermediate and near visual acuity, contrast sensitivity at different spatial frequencies (3, 6, 12, 18c/d) and patient satisfaction in SBL- 3 group were significantly better than those of control group (P<0.05). ·CONCLUSION:The MIOL SBL-3 not only could provide preferable distance visual acuity, but also could provide better intermediate visual acuity, near visual acuity and contrast sensitivity,and greatly increase the visual quality and satisfaction at postoperative in cataract patients.

Role of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in abnormal differentiation of chondrocytes in Kaschin-Beck disease / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VC.AM-1) in oxidative stress induced hypertrophic chondrocytes,in Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) patients and in rat fed with T-2 toxin under selenium deficient conditions in order to analyze the relationship between VCAM-1 biological function and the dysregulation of chondrocyte differentiation in KBD.Methods The ATDC5 was cultured in 1％ ITS solution (10 mg/L insulin,5.5 mg/L transferrin,and 6.7 μg/L sodium selenite) for 21 days,and stimulated with 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1,a nitric oxide [NO] donor) to obtain the oxidative stress induced hypertrophic chondrocytes.Real-time PCR was used to detect VCAM-1 mRNA in hypertrophic chondrocytes induced by different concentrations of SIN-1.The expressions of VCAM-I in articular cartilage of child and adult KBD patients and KBD animal model were determined via the immunohistochemical method,and KBD cartilage samples were obtained in KBD areas from KBD child who had died or from adults who had had surgery.Results After treatment of hypertrophic chondrocytes (ATCD5 cells) with SIN-1 (0,1,3,5 mmol/L),VCAM-1 mRNA levels (1.00 + 0.00,1.22 ± 0.20,0.71 ± 0.22,0.37 ± 0.16) were decreased in a dose-dependent manner when compared with the control group (F =27.788,P ＜ 0.05).The densities of VCAM-1 positive cells in superficial and middle zones of the articular cartilage of children KBD patients [(16.08 ± 5.20)％,(19.20 ± 9.71)％] were higher than those of control group [(0.00 ± 0.00)％,(0.00 ± 0.00)％],while that in the deep zone [(7.00 ± 4.40)％] in children KBD patients was significantly lower than that of control [(51.60 ± 20.58)％,tS/M/D=-10.972,-6.249,6.564,P ＜ 0.05].The positive cell density of VCAM-1 in the adult patients was significantly increased in the superficial zone [(7.92 ± 4.29)％ vs (3.12 ± 1.12)％] but significantly decreased in the middle zone [(17.54 ± 8.27)％ vs (31.75 ± 13.30)％] of articular cartilage when compared with that of control group (tS/D =-3.824,3.037,P ＜ 0.05).In articular cartilage of the four groups of KBD rats,the density of VCAM-1 positive cells in the superficial zone was significantly higher in low selenium diet group,T-2 toxin diet group and selenium deficient plus T-2 toxin diet group [(4.11 ± 1.90)％,(5.00 ±2.02)％,(2.78 ± 1.48)％ vs (1.89 ± 1.76)％,P ＜ 0.05].But the density of VCAM-1 positive cells in the deep zone was significantly lower in rat feed with selenium diet and selenium deficient plus T-2 toxin diet [(13.67 ± 2.45)％,(20.56 ± 7.42)％] than that of control group [(33.00 ± 12.57)％,P ＜ 0.05] in the epiphyseal cartilage of KBD rats.Conclusions The level of VCAM-1 is decreased both in the SIN-1 induced hypertrophic chondrocytes and in the deep zone of articular cartilage in KBD patients and in rat fed with T-2 toxin and selenium-deficient diets.VCAM-1 may be associated with the death of deep zone chondrocytes and differentiation disorder in cartilage.

Research progress on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in lung cancer / 国际中医中药杂志

This article summarized the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine treatment for lung cancer in recent years. Related literatures were from the immune regulation, inhibiting growth and metastasis of lung cancer cells and promoting apoptosis and reversing drug resistance. Review showed that traditional Chinese integrated with western medicine for lung cancer has gradually become the consensus of clinical practioners.

Epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of scoliosis in primary and secondary school students in Guangdong Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and associated factors of scoliosis in primary and secondary school students in Guangdong, and to provide guidance for scoliosis control.@*Methods@#Using a stratified cluster random sampling method, a total of 38 649 students aged 9-18 were selected from 132 primary and secondary schools in the Pearl River Delta and non Pearl River Delta cities for scoliosis screening and related associated factors questionnaire survey from September to October 2020.@*Results@#A total of 1 440 students were detected with scoliosis, with a detection rate of 3.73%. The detection rate of girls was 4.90%, which was higher than that of boys at 2.66%( χ 2=386.89, P <0.01). The detection rate in the Pearl River Delta region was 4.09%, which was higher than the non Pearl River Delta region at 3.38%( χ 2=13.22, P <0.01). The detection rate in urban areas was 4.51%, which was higher than counties at 2.79%( χ 2=78.70, P <0.01). The detection rate increased with the increase of the school period, high school (5.94%)>junior high school (4.50%)>elementary school (1.35%)( χ 2=386.89, P <0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that region, urbanicity, gender, educational stage, exercise, using electronic mobile devices, nutritional status are the influencing factors for scoliosis ( OR=0.41-3.78, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The detection rate of scoliosis in primary and secondary school students in Guangdong Province varies by gender, urbanicity and educational stages. Female students, as well as junior and senior high school students should be paid more attention.

Influence of fermented red ginseng extract in proliferation of rat glomerular mesangial cells and extracellular matrix degradation under high sugar stimulation / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To explore the influence of fermented red ginseng extract (FRGE) in the proliferation of rat glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) and the degradation of extracellular matrix(ECM)under high sugar stimulation, and to clarify the prevention and treatment effects of FRGE on diabetic nephropathy (DN) and the possible mechanism.Methods:The rat GMCs were cultured and divided into normal concentration of D-glucose (NG) group, high concentration of D-glucose (HG) group and high concentration of D-glucose plus different concentrations (3.75, 7.50, 15.00 mg·L-1) of FRGE groups. The proliferation rates of rat GMCs were detected with MTT,and the type Ⅳcollagen(Col Ⅳ) levels in supernatants of the GMCs were detected by ELISA. The protein expressions levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) were detected with Western blotting m ethod.Results:Compared with NG group, the proliferation rate of GMCs in HG group was increased(P<0.01), the Col Ⅳ level was increased(P<0.01),the MMP-2 expression level was decreased, and the TIMP-2 expression level was up-regulated(P<0.01).Compared with HG group, the proliferation rates of GMCs in various FRGE groups were decreased(P<0.01), the Col Ⅳ levels were decreased(P<0.01),the expression levels of TIMP-2 were reduced(P<0.01),and the expression levels of MMP-2 were increased(P<0.01).Conclusion:FRGE can inhibit the proliferation of rat GMCs induced by high sugar and promote the ECM degradation to delay the occurrence and development of DN.

LRP16 gene protects mouse insulinoma MIN6 cells against fatty acid-induced apoptosis through Akt/FoxO1 signaling.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic ß cells are susceptible to fatty acid-induced apoptosis. The 17ß-estradiol (E2) protects pancreatic ß cells from apoptosis, mediated by the estrogen receptor-α (ERα). The mRNA level and promoter activity of leukemia-related protein (LRP) 16 were significantly increased by E2 in ER-α and LRP16 was a co-activator of ER-α. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of LRP16 on fatty acid-induced apoptosis in MIN6 cells. METHODS: Cells with over-expressing LRP16 were obtained by lipidosome transfection. Insulin content and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) were examined by radioimmunoassay. Western blotting was applied to detect protein expression. Apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and flow cytometry. The forkhead boxO1 (FoxO1) subcellular localization was determined by immunocytochemical analysis. RESULTS: MIN6-LRP16 cells with overexpression of LRP16 were successfully established, and protein expression of LRP16 was 2.29-fold of that of control cells (MIN6-3.1, P < 0.05). Insulin content and GSIS in MIN6-LRP16 were substantially increased compared with those in control cells. When cells were stimulated with glucose, increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and serine-threonine kinase (Akt) were observed in MIN6-LRP16. When cells were under palmitate pressure, the TUNEL-positive rate in MIN6-LRP16 was (17.0 ± 0.5)%, while it in MIN6-3.1 was (22.0 ± 0.4)%. In palmitate-treated cells, attenuated Akt phosphorylation was observed, but the attenuation in Akt activity was partially restored in MIN6-LRP16 cells. Meanwhile, nuclear localization of FoxO1 in MIN6-LRP16 was apparently reduced compared with that in control cells. CONCLUSIONS: LRP16 regulated insulin content and GSIS in MIN6 cells by ERK1/2 and Akt activated way. Meanwhile, LRP16 overexpression protected MIN6 cells from fatty acid-induced apoptosis by partially restoring Akt phosphorylation and inhibiting FoxO1 nuclear redistribution. Therefore, LRP16 played important roles not only in insulin content and GSIS but also in the antilipotoxic effect mediated by Akt/FoxO1 signaling.

Effects of gallotannin on proliferation and cell cycle of rat glomerular mesangial cells under condition of high glucose / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To explore the inhibitory effect of gallotannin (GLTN) on the proliferation of rat glomerular mesangial cells (GMC)induced by high sugar stimulation and the influence in the cell cycle of the rats, and to clarify the prevention effect of GLTN in the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods:The experimental cells were divided into normal control group (D-glucose 5.5 mmol·L-1 ,NC group), high glucose group (D-glucose 30 mmol· L-1 ,HC group),high glucose + 5 mmol· L-1 3 - AB group (AB group),high glucose + 20 μmol·L-1 GLTN group (G20 group),high glucose + 40 μmol· L-1 GLTN group (G40 group).The proliferation of GMC in different groups at different time points (4,8,24,48 and 72 h)was observed by MTT assay.The changes of cell cycle of GCM under different culture conditions were examined by flow cytometry,and the expression levels of TGF-β1 and CTGF were detected by Western blotting method. Results:Compared with NC group,the proliferation levels of GMC in HC group were increased (P <0.01),and reached the peak at 48 h ;the percentage of S phase cells was increased (P <0.01).Compared with HC group,the proliferation levels of GMC in 3-AB group and GLTN group were significantly decreased (P < 0.01 ),and the percentages of S phase cells were decreased (P <0.01).Compared with NC group,the protein expression levels of TGF-β1 and CTGF in each drug group were increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01),but they were significantly lower than those in HC group (P < 0.01).Conclusion:GLTN can inhibit the proliferation of GMC under high sugar stimulation through arresting the cell cycle and down-regulating the expressions of TGF-β1 and CTGF and delay the occurrence and development of DN.

Dietary patterns and cardio-cerebrovascular disease in a Chinese population

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Dietary pattern and its association with cardio-cerebrovascular disease have not been studied in Baoji city by now. This study was aimed to identify the dietary patterns among Chinese adults in Baoji, and explore the association between these dietary patterns and cardio-cerebrovascular disease. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 4,968 participants were included in this study at 12 counties. With multistage stratified random sampling and semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire, the prevalence of cardio-cerebrovascular disease and dietary intake were investigated in 2013. We used factor analysis to establish dietary patterns. RESULTS: A total of 4,968 participants over 15 years old were included in this study. Five dietary patterns were identified in Baoji: protein, balanced, beans, prudent, and traditional patterns. The protein dietary pattern mainly included animal and plant proteins and was negatively associated with hypertension as well as stroke. The balanced pattern included carbohydrates, protein, and fat and was negatively associated with hypertension as well as stroke. The beans pattern was mainly beans and beans products and was negatively associated with hypertension. The prudent pattern only included staple foods and pickled vegetables and was positively associated with hypertension as well as coronary heart disease. The traditional pattern was representative of local Baoji traditional recipes and was positively associated with hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: The protein, balanced, and beans dietary patterns showed many protective effects on cardio-cerebrovascular disease. Based on these results, Baoji city residents should be encouraged to choose protein, balanced, and beans dietary patterns and abandon prudent and traditional patterns to prevent incidence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke.

De novo sequencing and analysis of root transcriptome to reveal regulation of gene expression by moderate drought stress in Glycyrrhiza uralensis / 中国中药杂志

Moderate drought stress has been found to promote the accumulation of active ingredients in Glycyrrhiza uralensis root and hence improve the medicinal quality. In this study, the transcriptomes of 6-month-old moderate drought stressed and control G. uralensis root (the relative water content in soil was 40%-45% and 70%-75%, respectively) were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2000. A total of 80,490 490 and 82 588 278 clean reads, 94,828 and 305,100 unigenes with N50 sequence of 1,007 and 1,125 nt were obtained in drought treated and control transcriptome, respectively. Differentially expressed genes analysis revealed that the genes of some cell wall enzymes such as β-xylosidase, legumain and GDP-L-fucose synthase were down-regulated indicating that moderate drought stress might inhibit the primary cell wall degradation and programmed cell death in root cells. The genes of some key enzymes involved in terpenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis were up-regulated by moderate drought stress might be the reason for the enhancement for the active ingredients accumulation in G. uralensis root. The promotion of the biosynthesis and signal transduction of auxin, ethylene and cytokinins by moderate drought stress might enhance the root formation and cell proliferation. The promotion of the biosynthesis and signal transduction of abscisic acid and jasmonic acid by moderate drought stress might enhance the drought stress tolerance in G. uralensis. The inhibition of the biosynthesis and signal transduction of gibberellin and brassinolide by moderate drought stress might retard the shoot growth in G. uralensis.

Identification of corium stomachium galli by molecular taxonomy / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a convenient and accurate method of DNA molecular marker for the identification of corium stomachium galli.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Cytb mtDNA sequences of Gallus gallus domestica and three other species of poultry were downloaded from Genbank. Species-specific PCR primers were designed according to the differential DNA fragments of the cytb genes. PCR tests were performed with the DNAs extracted from G. gallus domestica, three other poultry species and domestic mammal animals.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The specific primers of G. gallus domestica could only amplify the cytb mtDNA of G. gallus domestica.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The primers are specific to G. gallus domestica mtDNA and can used to discern Corium stomachium from the false medicine.</p>

A Novel Method to Detect a New Biopolymer Material—Poly-?-Glutamic Acid / 中国生物工程杂志

A turbid solution was formed through the reaction between ?-PGA and cetylpyridinium chloride(CPC) and the turibidity was measured by using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy at 680nm.The linearity between the concentration of ?-PGA and its absorbance,the stability,repeatability and recovery of the method were studied.Through the reaction of ?-PGA with CPC,a homogeneous turbid solution was formed.The turbid solution was stable in 3h under proper pH value and ion strength,the absorbance of the solution at 680nm had a good linear relationshi Pwith the concentration of ?-PGA in the range 12.5~50?g/ml(R2=0.9939).The recovery was within the range of 86%~99.75%(n=5).The relative standard division of the method for determining ?-PGA at the concentrations of 5,10 and 40?g/ml were 0.14%,0.23%和0.025% repeatability.The turbidmetric method has advantages of convenience,simplicity and good repeatability and can be used to control the quality of ?-PGA and its products.

The study on the experiment of hepatocarcinoma with homogenous spleenocytes activated by IL-2 and Tremella Polysaccharide / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To study the cytotoxicity to tumor cells P815,H22 and B16 in vitro and the treatment effect of mice spleenocytes activated by lymphokine IL-2 and Tremella Polysaccharide,and their effects on main viscerals.Methods:The cytotoxicity of spleenocytes activated by lymphokine IL-2 or IL-2 and Tremella Polysaccharide to P815,H22 and B16 was detected by ?-scintillation counter after 2 hours.Subcutaneous injection of the above-mentioned spleenocytes to the local area of jepatocarcinoma of mice,one injection every two days,5 times totally.To examine tumor weight,size,histological changes and morphological changes in main viscerals.Results:The significantly cytotoxicity to tumor cells of spleenocytes activated by IL-2 and Tremella Polysaccharide was observed.To B16,the cytotoxicity of activated spleenocytes was the strongest.To H22,the cytotoxicity of activated spleenocytes was stronger and to P815,the cytotoxicity was the weakest,the cytotoxicity of TP-LAK cells was significantly stronger than that of LAK cells( P