Prohibitin 1 regulates mtDNA release and downstream inflammatory responses.

Exposure of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to the cytosol activates innate immune responses. But the mechanisms by which mtDNA crosses the inner mitochondrial membrane are unknown. Here, we found that the inner mitochondrial membrane protein prohibitin 1 (PHB1) plays a critical role in mtDNA release by regulating permeability across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Loss of PHB1 results in alterations in mitochondrial integrity and function. PHB1-deficient macrophages, serum from myeloid-specific PHB1 KO (Phb1MyeKO) mice, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from neonatal sepsis patients show increased interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) levels. PHB1 KO mice are also intolerant of lipopolysaccharide shock. Phb1-depleted macrophages show increased cytoplasmic release of mtDNA and inflammatory responses. This process is suppressed by cyclosporine A and VBIT-4, which inhibit the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and VDAC oligomerization. Inflammatory stresses downregulate PHB1 expression levels in macrophages. Under normal physiological conditions, the inner mitochondrial membrane proteins, AFG3L2 and SPG7, are tethered to PHB1 to inhibit mPTP opening. Downregulation of PHB1 results in enhanced interaction between AFG3L2 and SPG7, mPTP opening, mtDNA release, and downstream inflammatory responses.

Encapsulation of Enzymes into Hydrophilic and Biocompatible Metal Azolate Framework: Improved Functions of Biocatalyst in Cascade Reactions and its Sensing Applications.

Multiple enzyme-triggered cascade biocatalytic reactions are vital in vivo or vitro, considering the basic biofunction preservation in living organisms and signals transduction for biosensing platforms. Encapsulation of such enzymes into carrier endows a sheltering effect and can boost catalytic performance, although the selection and preparation of an appropriate carrier is still a concern. Herein, focusing on MAF-7, a category of metal azolate framework (MAF) with superiority against the topologically identical ZIF-8, this enzyme@MAF system can ameliorate the sustainability of encapsulating natural enzymes into carriers. The proposed biocatalyst composite AChE@ChOx@MAF-7/hemin is constructed via one-pot in situ coprecipitation method. Subsequently, MAF-7 is demonstrated to exhibit an excellent capacity of the carrier and protection against external factors in the counterpart of ZIF-8 through encapsulated and free enzymes. In addition, detections for specific substrates or inhibitors with favorable sensitivity are accomplished, indicating that the properties above expectation of different aspects of the established platform are successfully realized. This biofunctional composite based on MAF-7 can definitely provide a potential approach for optimization of cascade reaction and enzyme encapsulation.

ATP9A deficiency causes ADHD and aberrant endosomal recycling via modulating RAB5 and RAB11 activity.

ATP9A, a lipid flippase of the class II P4-ATPases, is involved in cellular vesicle trafficking. Its homozygous variants are linked to neurodevelopmental disorders in humans. However, its physiological function, the underlying mechanism as well as its pathophysiological relevance in humans and animals are still largely unknown. Here, we report two independent families in which the nonsense mutations c.433C>T/c.658C>T/c.983G>A (p. Arg145*/p. Arg220*/p. Trp328*) in ATP9A (NM_006045.3) cause autosomal recessive hypotonia, intellectual disability (ID) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Atp9a null mice show decreased muscle strength, memory deficits and hyperkinetic movement disorder, recapitulating the symptoms observed in patients. Abnormal neurite morphology and impaired synaptic transmission are found in the primary motor cortex and hippocampus of the Atp9a null mice. ATP9A is also required for maintaining neuronal neurite morphology and the viability of neural cells in vitro. It mainly localizes to endosomes and plays a pivotal role in endosomal recycling pathway by modulating small GTPase RAB5 and RAB11 activation. However, ATP9A pathogenic mutants have aberrant subcellular localization and cause abnormal endosomal recycling. These findings provide strong evidence that ATP9A deficiency leads to neurodevelopmental disorders and synaptic dysfunctions in both humans and mice, and establishes novel regulatory roles for ATP9A in RAB5 and RAB11 activity-dependent endosomal recycling pathway and neurological diseases.

A unified evaluation descriptor for π-bridges applied to metalloporphyrin derivatives.

Establishing the structure of porphyrins with a A-π-D-π-A configuration is one of the effective strategies to maintain their dominance and compensate shortcomings through flexible changes in fragments. In this regard, π-bridges have attracted wide attention as a parameter affecting molecular backbones, electron transfer, energy levels, absorption, and other properties. However, the essence and influence of π-bridges have not yet been confirmed. In order to satisfy the requirements of intelligent application in molecular design, this study aimed to investigate the control effect of differences in π-bridge composition (thiophene and selenophene) and connection type (single bonds, ethylenic bonds and fused) on photoelectric performance. Y6 and PC61BM were used as acceptors to build donor/acceptor (D/A) interfaces and characterize the film morphology in three dimensions. Results showed that the essence of π-bridges involves a strong bridging effect (adjusting ability) between A and D fragments rather than highlighting its own nature. The large value could obtain high open circuit voltages (VOC), large separation and small recombination rates as well as stable and tight morphology. Therefore, adjusting ability is a unified descriptor for evaluating π-bridges, and it is an effective strategy to adjust material properties and morphology. This insight and discovery may provide a new evaluation descriptor for the screening and design of π-bridges.

Long-term outcomes of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy with and without posterior scleral reinforcement on myopic maculopathy in myopic choroidal neovascularization eyes.

BACKGROUND: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy is used for myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV). Patchy chorioretinal atrophy (pCRA) enlargement has been reported in mCNV cases associated with vision loss. Our aim was to compare the long-term effectiveness of anti-VEGF therapy alone versus anti-VEGF followed by posterior scleral reinforcement (PSR) in controlling myopic maculopathy in mCNV eyes. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of the medical records of 95 high myopia patients (refractive error ≥ 6.00 diopters, axial length ≥ 26.0 mm) with mCNV. Patients were treated with anti-VEGF alone (group A) or anti-VEGF followed by PSR (group B). The following data were collected: refractive error, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ophthalmic fundus examination, ocular coherence tomography and ocular biometry at 12 and 24 months pre- and postoperatively. The primary outcomes were changes in pCRA and BCVA. RESULTS: In 26 eyes of 24 patients, the mean pCRA size significantly increased from baseline (0.88 ± 1.69 mm2) to 12 months (1.57 ± 2.32 mm2, t = 3.249, P = 0.003) and 24 months (2.17 ± 2.79 mm2, t = 3.965, P = 0.001) postoperatively. The increase in perilesional pCRA in group B (n = 12) was 98.2% and 94.2% smaller than that in group A (n = 14) at 12 and 24 months (Beta 0.57 [95% CI 0.01, 191 1.13], P = 0.048). In group B, 7 eyes (58.3%) gained more than 2 lines of BCVA compared with only 4 eyes (28.6%) in group A at 24 months. CONCLUSION: Anti-VEGF therapy followed by PSR achieved better outcomes than anti-VEGF therapy alone in controlling the development of myopic maculopathy in mCNV and may constitute a better treatment option by securing a better long-term VA outcome.

Association of urinary and seminal plasma vanadium concentrations with semen quality: A repeated-measures study of 1135 healthy men.

Although animal studies have shown the reproductive toxicity of vanadium, less is known about its effects on semen quality in humans. Among 1135 healthy men who were screened as potential semen donors, we investigated the relationships of semen quality with urinary and seminal plasma vanadium levels via inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Spearman rank correlation tests and linear regression models were used to assess the correlations between average urinary and within-individual pooled seminal plasma vanadium concentrations (n = 1135). We utilized linear mixed-effects models to evaluate the associations of urinary and seminal plasma vanadium levels (n = 1135) with repeated sperm quality parameters (n = 5576). Seminal plasma vanadium concentrations were not significantly correlated with urinary vanadium concentrations (r = 0.03). After adjusting for possible confounders, we observed inverse relationships of within-individual pooled seminal plasma vanadium levels with total count, semen volume, and sperm concentration (all P values for trend < 0.05). Specifically, subjects in the highest (vs. lowest) tertile of seminal plasma vanadium concentrations had - 11.3% (-16.4%, -5.9%), - 11.1% (-19.1%, -2.4%), and - 20.9% (-29.0%, -11.8%) lower sperm volume, concentration, and total count, respectively; moreover, urinary vanadium levels appeared to be negatively associated with sperm motility. These relationships showed monotonically decreasing dose-response patterns in the restricted cubic spline analyses. Our results demonstrated a poor correlation between urinary and seminal plasma levels of vanadium, and elevated vanadium concentrations in urine and seminal plasma may be adversely related to male semen quality.

Efficacy of a single Nd:YAG laser dose in reducing pain after mandibular third molar extraction: a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial.

The purpose is to explore the analgesic effect of a single Nd:YAG laser dose after mandibular third molar extraction. This was a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Subjects were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly divided into the experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, the wound was irradiated with the Nd:YAG laser (wavelength, 1064 nm; output power, 1.5 W; energy density, 45 J/cm2; and power density, 1.5/cm2, pulsed mode) immediately after mandibular third molar extraction for 120 s (30 s at each site). In the control group, the laser working tip was placed near the extraction site but not activated. The primary outcome was the visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores in both groups at 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h and 7 days after surgery. Secondary outcomes included wound healing scores and adverse reactions. The VAS score was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group at 2 and 4 h after surgery, while there was no significant difference in the VAS score between the two groups at 12, 24, or 48 h or 7 days after surgery. There were no significant differences in the wound healing scores between the two groups on postoperative day 7. No adverse reactions were observed in any of the laser-irradiated areas. A single Nd:YAG laser dose was effective in reducing pain at 2 and 4 h after mandibular third molar extraction. China Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000033870 (Registration Date: 2020-6-15).

Central anterior chamber depth correlated with white-to-white distance in normal, long, and short eyes.

PURPOSE: To explore the associations between central anterior chamber depth (CACD) and other anterior segment biometric parameters and to determine the possible determinants of CACD in short, normal, and long eyes. METHODS: The biometric data of pre-operation patients aged 50-80 years with coexisting cataract and primary angle-closure disease or senile cataract were reviewed. Axial length (AL), CACD, lens thickness (LT), central corneal thickness (CCT), and white-to-white distance (WTW) were measured by Lenstar optical biometry (Lenstar 900). The data of 100 normal eyes (AL = 22 to 26 mm), 100 short eyes (AL ≤ 22 mm), and 100 long eyes (AL ≥ 26 mm) were consecutively collected for subsequent analyses. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 66.60 ± 7.85 years, with 25.7% of the sample being men. Both CACD and WTW were found to be smallest in short eyes and were smaller in normal eyes than in long eyes (F = 126.524, P < 0.001; F = 28.458, P < 0.001). The mean LT was significantly thicker in short eyes than in normal and long eyes (4.66 mm versus 4.49 mm versus 4.40 mm; F = 18.099, P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in CCT between the three AL groups (F = 2.135, P = 0.120). Stepwise regression analysis highlighted AL, LT, and WTW as three independent factors associated with CACD in the normal AL group. In the short AL group and long AL group, LT and WTW were independent factors associated with CACD. CONCLUSIONS: CACD increases as AL elongates and reaches a peak when AL exceeds 26 mm. Furthermore, CACD showed inverse correlation with LT and positive correlation with WTW. A relatively small WTW results in an anteriorly positioned lens, and thus, a decrease in CACD.

Storage time does not influence pregnancy and neonatal outcomes for first single vitrified high-quality blastocyst transfer cycle.

RESEARCH QUESTION: Does blastocyst storage time have an impact on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes following the first single vitrified/warmed high-quality blastocyst transfer cycle for young women? DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study in a university-affiliated reproductive medical centre. RESULTS: A total of 2938 patients undergoing their first frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycle with a single high-quality blastocyst (Day 5: 3BB and above; Day 6: 4BB and above) transferred were divided into five groups: Group A with storage time ≤3 months (n = 1621), Group B with storage time of 4-6 months (n = 657), Group C with storage time of 7-12 months (n = 225), Group D with storage time of 13-24 months (n = 104), and Group E with storage time of 25-98 months (n = 331). After adjusting for confounding factors by multivariate logistic regression, there were no significant differences in live birth rate [Group A as reference; Group B: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.954 (95% CI 0.791- 1.151); Group C: aOR 0.905 (95% CI 0.674-1.214); Group D: aOR 0.727 (95% CI 0.474-1.114); Group E: aOR 1.185 (955 CI 0.873-1.608)], ß-human-chorionic-gonadotropin-positive rate, clinical pregnancy rate and miscarriage rate between Group A and the other groups. Among all singletons born after FET, there were no significant differences with regards to gestational age, preterm birth, birthweight, low birthweight, high birthweight and macrosomia. CONCLUSION: Long-term cryostorage of human vitrified high-quality blastocysts does not affect pregnancy or neonatal outcomes.

Elevated NT-proBNP predicts unfavorable outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke after thrombolytic therapy.

OBJECTIVE: Few studies correlated n-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) with early neurological deterioration (END) and prognosis of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients with rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis. Therefore this study aimed to investigate the relationship between NT-proBNP and END, and prognosis after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with AIS. METHODS: A total of 325 patients with AIS were enrolled. We performed the natural logarithm transformation on the NT-proBNP [ln(NT-proBNP)]. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between ln(NT-proBNP) and END, and prognosis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to show the sensitivity and specificity of NT-proBNP. RESULTS: After thrombolysis, among 325 patients with AIS, 43 patients (13.2%) developed END. In addition, three months follow-up showed a poor prognosis in 98 cases (30.2%) and a good prognosis in 227 cases (69.8%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ln(NT-proBNP) was an independent risk factor for END (OR = 1.450,95%CI:1.072 ~ 1.963, P = 0.016) and poor prognosis at three months follow-up (OR = 1.767, 95%CI: 1.347 ~ 2.317, P < 0.001) respectively. According to ROC curve analysis, ln(NT-proBNP) (AUC 0.735, 95%CI: 0.674 ~0.796, P < 0.001) had a good predictive value for poor prognosis, with a predictive value of 5.12 and sensitivity and specificity of 79.59% and 60.35% respectively. When combined with NIHSS to predict END(AUC 0.718, 95%CI: 0.631 ~ 0.805, P < 0.001) and poor prognosis(AUC 0.780, 95%CI: 0.724 ~ 0.836, P < 0.001), the predictive value of the model is further improved. CONCLUSION: NT-proBNP is independently associated with END and poor prognosis in patients with AIS following intravenous thrombolysis and has a particular predictive value for END and poor prognosis.

Exogenous Metals Atlas in Spermatozoa at Single-Cell Resolution in Relation to Human Semen Quality.

While exogenous metal/metalloid (metal) exposure has been associated with reduced human semen quality, no study has assessed the associations of exogenous metals in human spermatozoa with semen quality. Here, we developed a strategy to explore the associations between exogenous metals in spermatozoa at single-cell resolution and human semen quality among 84 men screened as sperm donors, who provided 266 semen samples within 90 days. A cellular atlas of exogenous metals at the single-cell level was created with mass cytometry (CyTOF) technology, which concurrently displayed 18 metals in more than 50 000 single sperm. Exogenous metals in spermatozoa at single-cell resolution were extremely heterogeneous and diverse. Further analysis using multivariable linear regression and linear mixed-effects models revealed that the heterogeneity and prevalence of the exogenous metals at single-cell resolution were associated with semen quality. The heterogeneity of lead (Pb), tin (Sn), yttrium (Y), and zirconium (Zr) was negatively associated with sperm concentration and count, while their prevalence showed positive associations. These findings revealed that the heterogeneous properties of exogenous metals in spermatozoa were associated with human semen quality, highlighting the importance of assessing exogenous metals in spermatozoa at single-cell resolution to evaluate male reproductive health risk precisely.

Blood trihalomethane concentrations in relation to sperm mitochondrial DNA copy number and telomere length among 958 healthy men.

BACKGROUND: In animal and human studies, exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) has been associated with reduced semen quality. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations of blood THM concentrations with sperm mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and telomere length (TL) among healthy men. METHODS: We recruited 958 men who volunteered as potential sperm donors. A single blood sample was collected from each participant at recruitment and measured for chloroform (TCM), bromodichloromethane (BDCM), dibromochloromethane (DBCM), and bromoform (TBM) concentrations. Within a 90-day follow-up, the last semen sample provided by each participant was quantified for sperm mtDNAcn and TL. We used multivariable linear regression models to assess the associations between blood THM concentrations and sperm mtDNAcn and TL. We also performed stratified analyses according to the time intervals between baseline blood THM determinations and semen collection (i.e., 0-9, 10-14, 15-69, or >69 days) to explore potential windows of susceptibility. RESULTS: After adjusting for potential confounders, we found inverse associations between quartiles (or categories) of blood TBM, brominated THM (Br-THM, the sum of BDCM, DBCM, and TBM), and total THM (TTHM, the sum of all four THMs) concentrations and sperm mtDNAcn (all P for trend≤0.03). Besides, we found inverse associations between quartiles of blood TCM, Br-THM, chlorinated THM (Cl-THM, the sum of TCM, BDCM, and DBCM), and TTHM concentrations and sperm TL (all P for trend<0.10). Stratified analyses showed stronger associations between Br-THM concentrations and sperm mtDNAcn determined 15-69 days since baseline exposure determinations, and between blood TCM and TTHM concentrations and sperm TL determined >69 days since baseline exposure determinations. CONCLUSION: Exposure to THMs may be associated with sperm mitochondrial and telomeric dysfunction.

Sperm mitochondrial DNA copy number mediates the association between seminal plasma selenium concentrations and semen quality among healthy men.

Selenium (Se) is essential for successful male reproduction. However, the association of Se status with human semen quality remains controversial and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We measured seminal plasma Se concentrations, sperm mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), and sperm quality parameters among healthy Chinese men screened as potential sperm donors. Linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate the associations of within-subject pooled seminal plasma Se concentrations (n = 1159) with repeated sperm quality parameters (n = 5617); mediation analyses were applied to evaluate the mediating role of sperm mtDNAcn (n = 989). Seminal plasma Se concentrations were positively associated with sperm concentration and total count (both P for trend < 0.001). In adjusted models, men in the top vs. bottom quartiles of seminal plasma Se concentrations had 70.1 % (95 % CI: 53.3 %, 88.9 %) and 59.1 % (95 % CI: 40.5 %, 80.2 %) higher sperm concentration and total count, respectively. Meanwhile, we observed inverse associations between seminal plasma Se concentrations and sperm mtDNAcn, and between sperm mtDNAcn and sperm motility, concentration, and total count (all P for trend < 0.05). Mediation analyses suggested that sperm mtDNAcn mediated 19.7 % (95 % CI: 15.9 %, 25.3 %) and 23.1 % (95 % CI: 17.4 %, 33.4 %) of the associations between seminal plasma Se concentrations and sperm concentration and total count, respectively. Our findings suggest that Se is essential for male spermatogenesis, potentially by affecting sperm mtDNAcn.

A multivariate model based on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI using Li-RADS v2018 and other imaging features for preoperative prediction of dual­phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic value of liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS) v2018 and other imaging features in dual-phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma (DPHCC), establish a prediagnostic model based on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI, and explore the prognostic significance after surgery of the DPHCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preoperative enhanced MRI findings and the clinical and pathological data of patients with surgically confirmed HCC were analysed retrospectively. Image analysis was based on LI-RADS v2018 and other image features. Univariate analysis was used to screen for predictive factors of DPHCC, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictive factors. A regression diagnostic model was established. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the critical value, area under curve (AUC), and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The diagnostic performance was verified by fivefold cross-validation. Cox regression analysis was used to determine the prognostic factors associated with early recurrence after surgical resection. RESULTS: In total, 158 patients were included, of whom 79 had DPHCC and 79 had non-DPHCC. Multivariate analysis showed that rim arterial phase hyperenhancement (Rim APHE) and targetoid restriction were independent risk factors for DPHCC (P < 0.05). The AUC (95% CI) of the model was 0.862 (0.807-0.918), sensitivity was 81.01%, and specificity was 89.874%. Cox regression analysis showed that DPHCC, microvascular invasion, tumour diameter, and an increase of alpha-fetoprotein were independent factors for recurrence. CONCLUSION: Rim APHE and targetoid restriction were sensitive imaging features of DPHCC before surgery, and the identification of DPHCC has important prognostic significance for early recurrence.

[Effect of soil moisture on efficacy to eliminate dampness and relieve jaundice and flavonoid content of Sedum sarmentosum].

The growth environment of medicinal plants plays an important role in the formation of their medicinal quality. However, there is a lack of combined analysis studying the close relationship between the growth environment, chemical components, and related biological activities of medicinal plants. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of different soil moisture treatments on the efficacy to eliminate dampness and relieve jaundice and the flavonoid content of Sedum sarmentosum, and explored their correlation. The flavonoid content in the decoction of S. sarmentosum growing under field conditions with soil moisture levels of 35%-40%(T1), 55%-60%(T2), 75%-80%(T3), and 95%-100%(T4) was compared. The effects of these treatments on liver function parameters, liver inflammation, and oxidative damage in mice with dampness-heat jaundice were evaluated, and the correlation between pharmacological indicators and flavonoid content was analyzed. The results showed that the total flavonoid and total phenolic acid content in the decoction of S. sarmentosum were highest in the T1 treatment, followed by the T3 treatment. The content of quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin was highest in the T2, T1, and T3 treatments, respectively. Among the different moisture treatments, the T3 group of S. sarmentosum effectively reduced the levels of serum ALT, AKP, TBIL, DBIL, TBA, as well as hepatic TNF-α and IL-6 in mice with jaundice, followed by T2 treatment, especially in reducing AST level. The T4 treatment had the poorest effect. Correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between AST, ALT, AKP levels in mice and the total content of quercetin and the three flavonoids. MDA showed a significant negative correlation with the total flavonoid content and kaempferol. TNF-α exhibited a significant negative correlation with the content of isorhamnetin. In conclusion, S. sarmentosum growing under field conditions with a soil moisture level of 75%-80% exhibited the best efficacy to eliminate dampness and relieve jaundice. This study provides insights for optimizing the cultivation mode of medicinal plants guided by pharmacological experiments.

Isolating Fe Atoms in N-Doped Carbon Hollow Nanorods through a ZIF-Phase-Transition Strategy for Efficient Oxygen Reduction.

Transition metal-nitrogen-carbon (TM-N-C) catalysts have been intensely investigated to tackle the sluggish oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs), but insufficient accessibility of the active sites limits their performance. Here, by using solid ZIF-L nanorods as self-sacrifice templates, a ZIF-phase-transition strategy is developed to fabricate ZIF-8 hollow nanorods with open cavities, which can be subsequently converted to atomically dispersed Fe-N-C hollow nanorods (denoted as Fe1 -N-C HNRs) through rational carbonization and following fixation of iron atoms. The microstructure observation and X-ray absorption fine structure analysis confirm abundant Fe-N4 active sites are evenly distributed in the carbon skeleton. Thanks to the highly accessible Fe-N4 active sites provided by the highly porous and open carbon hollow architecture, the Fe1 -N-C HNRs exhibit superior ORR activity and stability in alkaline and acidic electrolytes with very positive half-wave potentials of 0.91 and 0.8 V versus RHE, respectively, both of which surpass those of commercial Pt/C. Remarkably, the dynamic current density (JK ) of Fe1 -N-C HNRs at 0.85 V versus RHE in alkaline media delivers a record value of 148 mA cm-2 , 21 times higher than that of Pt/C. The assembled Zn-air battery using Fe1 -N-C HNRs as cathode catalyst exhibits a high peak power density of 208 mW cm-2 .

The performance of an integrated model including retinal information in predicting childhood hypertension.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to examine the association of an integrated model (composed of retinal arteriolar caliber, height, and sex) with blood pressure (BP) among a group of Chinese children, and assess the predictive value of the integrated model for childhood hypertension. METHODS: This study included 1460 candidates aged 12.634 ± 0.420 years. Height, weight, waist circumference, and BP were obtained and ophthalmological measurements were taken. The computer-imaging program (IVAN, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI) was used to measure calibers of retinal vessels. Receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses were performed to assess the accuracy of the integrated model as a diagnostic test of elevated BP in children. RESULTS: The accuracy of the integrated model (assessed by area under the curve) for identifying elevated BP was 0.777 (95% confidence interval: 0.742-0.812). The optimal threshold of the integrated model for defining hypertension was 0.153, and the calculation formula for the specific predictive risk was: Logit (p/1 - p) = -5.666 - 0.261 × retinal arteriolar caliber + 0.945 × sex + 0.438 × height. In identifying elevated BP, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.711 and 0.736, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The model containing eye message is a comprehensive and relatively effective index to identify elevated BP in 12-year-old children, which can offer assistance to further understand childhood microcirculation disease. IMPACT: We firstly incorporated retinal vascular diameter, sex, and height into one integrated model to identify hypertension in 12-year-old children. The current discrimination of hypertension in children is difficult. There have been some studies to simplify the diagnosis of children's hypertension, but they were limited to anthropometric measurements. We proposed a composed model containing microcirculation information to predict childhood hypertension. Based on the knowledge that microcirculation is not only a means to study the manifestations but also early pathogenic correlates of hypertension, the combined model containing microcirculation message as a method may provide new insights into the diagnosis of childhood hypertension.

Evaluation of the knowledge, awareness, and attitudes toward epilepsy among nurses.

BACKGROUND: The standard of care provided to patients with chronic epilepsy might be affected by clinical nurses' understanding, awareness, and attitudes toward the condition. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, awareness, and attitudes toward chronic epilepsy among clinical nurses in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China. METHODS: Two hundred and thirty-eight nurses from the neurosurgery, neurology, epilepsy center, other internal medicine and other surgery department working at our hospital participated in this descriptive and cross-sectional study in 2022. The data were collected through an electronic questionnaire, which comprised four domains including demographic and clinical epilepsy-related questions, awareness of epilepsy section, 18 items for knowledge and a 15-item scale for attitudes. Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal-Wallis H tests, post hoc analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the non-normal distribution of the dataset. RESULTS: The clinical nurses' average score on the awareness of epilepsy section was 14.93 ± 2.69 (maximum score: 20), the knowledge of epilepsy section scored 15.41 ± 2.30 (maximum score: 18), and the epilepsy attitude section scored 30.65 ± 7.40. The knowledge and awareness accuracy of the responses to the epilepsy-related questions were positively and significantly correlated (r = 0.251, p < 0.001). The multiple linear regression model found that the department (p < 0.001) and rank (p = 0.015) of nurses were independently associated with awareness toward epilepsy. Meanwhile, there was a statistically significant difference between the departments of nurses and accuracy on the Epilepsy Knowledge Scale (H = 18.340, p < 0.001). In addition, 92.77% of nurses agreed that people with chronic epilepsy have the same rights as all people. Unfortunately, over 30% of nurses maintained an uncertain attitude toward the employment, marriage, and emotion related to epilepsy. CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed that nurses had a general awareness and understanding of epilepsy, attitudes toward epilepsy. Specifically, nurses working in the Neurology Department and the Epilepsy Center were predisposed to have a considerably better level of awareness and knowledge of epilepsy. Additionally, as their understanding of epilepsy grew, so did their sensitivity to those who suffer from the condition. The study also recommends that epilepsy experts deliver additional lectures and training sessions to enhance nurses' knowledge of first-aid for seizures.

Clinical Observation of Subepidermal Vascular Network Flaps in Keloid Patients.

BACKGROUND: There are many different keloid treatment modalities. One surgical technique is to keep the "shell" of the keloid to cover the defect. We named this "shell" keloid subepidermal vascular network flap (KSVNF), and we outlined the characteristics of this flap by observing 35 flaps in keloid patients. METHODS: A total of 35 KSVNFs were designed in 15 patients during 2020-2021. All patients underwent the operation and adjuvant radiotherapy as well as hyperbaric oxygen therapy. All flap lengths and widths were recorded, and the blood perfusion of the flaps was measured on the first day postoperation and the day of stitch removal. Flap survival and the quality of flaps were evaluated on the day of stitch removal. All harvested data were analyzed using the R (version 4.0.1) package. RESULTS: The mean blood perfusion on the first day postoperation (pod1) and the day of stitch removal was 120.4013 and 168.6900, respectively (p = 0.02249); 2 flaps had partial necrosis (5.714%). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that when the length/width ratio was less than 1.05, the quality of the flap was good (AUC = 0.724), which suggests that the effective safe length/width ratio was 1.05. CONCLUSION: KSVNF is an applicable method for covering the remaining wound after keloid mass removal with sufficient blood perfusion and adequate skin quality. We recommend that the length/width ratio of the flap design not exceed 1. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

[Kinetics and variation of volatile components of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma during hot-air drying].

The present study explored the kinetics and variation of volatile components of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma during the hot-air drying process to obtain the optimal process parameters under multiple goals such as drying efficiency and drying quality. The dry basis moisture content and drying rate curves along with the change of drying time of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma were investigated at five levels of drying air temperatures(30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 ℃). The relationship between moisture ratio and time in the drying process of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma was fitted and verified by Midilli model, Page model, Overhults model, Modified Page model, Logaritmic model, Two terms Exponential model, and Newton model. Meanwhile, the effective diffusion coefficient of moisture(D_(eff)) and activation energy(E_a) in Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma were calculated under different drying air temperatures. GC-MS was used to determine the volatile components and content changes of the fresh Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and dried products at different temperatures. The dry basis moisture content and drying rate of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma were closely related to the temperature of the drying medium, and the moisture of the Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma decreased with the prolonged drying time. As revealed by the drying rate curve, the drying rate increased with the increase in hot air temperature, and the migration of moisture was accelerated. The comparison of the correlation coefficient(R~2), chi-square(χ~2), and root mean standard error(RMSE) of each model indicated that the parameter average of the Midilli model had the highest degree of fit, with R~2=0.999 2, χ~2=8.78×10~(-5), and RMSE=8.20×10~(-3). Besides, the D_(eff) at 30-70 ℃ was in the range of 1.04×10~(-9)-6.28×10~(-9) m~2·s~(-1), and E_a was 37.47 kJ·mol~(-1). The volatile components of fresh Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and dried products at different temperatures were determined by GC-MS, and 18, 18, 18, 17, 17, and 18 compounds were identified respectively, which accounted for more than 84.76% of the volatile components. In conclusion, the hot-air drying of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma can be model-fitted and verified and the variation law of the moisture and volatile components of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma with temperature is obtained. This study is expected to provide new ideas for exploring the drying characteristics and quality of aromatic Chinese medicine.