Synthesis and biological evaluation of a new acyclic pyrimidine derivative as a probe for imaging herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene expression.

With the idea of finding a more selective radiotracer for imaging herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk) gene expression by means of positron emission tomography (PET), a novel [¹8F]fluorine radiolabeled pyrimidine with 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)butyl side chain at N-1 (HHB-5-[¹8F]FEP) was prepared and evaluated as a potential PET probe. Unlabeled reference compound, HHB-5-FEP, was synthesized via a five-step reaction sequence starting from 5-(2-acetoxyethyl)-4-methoxypyrimidin-2-one. The radiosynthesis of HHB-[¹8F]-FEP was accomplished by nucleophilic radiofluorination of a tosylate precursor using [¹8F]fluoride-cryptate complex in 45% ± 4 (n = 4) radiochemical yields and high purity (>99%). The biological evaluation indicated the feasibility of using HHB-5-[¹8F]FEP as a PET radiotracer for monitoring HSV1-tk expression in vivo.

C-5 hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl acyclonucleosides as substrates for thymidine kinase of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1 TK): syntheses and biological evaluation.

The efficient syntheses of 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)- and 5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-substituted pyrimidine derivatives bearing 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, acyclovir-, ganciclovir- and penciclovir-like side chains are reported. A synthetic approach that included the alkylation of an N-anionic-5-substituted pyrimidine intermediate (method A) provided the target acyclonucleosides in significantly higher overall yields in comparison to those obtained by method B using sylilation reaction. The phosphorylation assays of novel compounds as potential substrates for thymidine kinase of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1 TK) showed that solely pyrimidine 5-substituted acyclonucleosides with a penciclovir-like side chain acted as a fraudulent substrates of HSV-1 TK. Moreover, the uracil derivative with penciclovir-like side chain with less bulky 2-hydroxyethyl substituent at C-5 proved to be a better substrate than the corresponding one with a 3-hydroxypropyl substituent. Therefore, this acyclonucleoside was selected as a lead compound for the development of a positron emission tomography HSV-1 TK activity imaging agent.

Recent trends in 1,2,3-Triazolo-nucleosides as promising anti-infective and anticancer agents.

The concept of click chemistry represented by the formation of the 1,2,3-triazole core has found wide application in drug discovery, particularly in the early discovery phases and the lead optimization process. 1,2,3-Triazoles ha ve attracted considerable attention in recent years because of their wide range of biological activities against various viruses, malignant cells, microorganisms and their inhibitory activities against several enzymes. This review emphasizes the recent advances on diverse and potent biological profiles of 1,2,3-triazolo-nucleosides, along with emerging application of click chemistry in their synthesis, and their perspective in the development of new bioactive chemical entities in the future. The work is primarily addressed to antiviral, antimicrobial and anticancer potency of this important structural motifs in which the 1,2,3-triazole ring acts as a nucleobase surrogate or is linked to a nucleobase or a sugar/sugar mimic moiety.

Discovery of New Acid Ceramidase-Targeted Acyclic 5-Alkynyl and 5-Heteroaryl Uracil Nucleosides.

A series of novel N-acyclic uracil analogs with linear, branched, aromatic, and cyclopropyl-alkynyl as well as heteroaryl moieties at C-5 were prepared using palladium catalyzed Sonogashira and Stille cross-coupling and evaluated against malignant tumor cell lines. C-5-Furan-2-yl uracil derivative 6 was shown to be more potent against MCF-7 than the reference drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), while C-5-alkynyl uracil derivatives 9c and 9e exhibited antibreast cancer activities comparable to 5-FU. Selected compounds induced cell death, partially due to apoptosis, of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Abrogation of acid ceramidase (ASAH1) expression of 9c and 9e indicated that these compounds could perturb ASAH1-mediated sphingolipid signaling. The selective activity of 9c and 9e against breast cancer cells via the ASAH1-mediated signaling, as a molecular target, might have a great advantage for potential future therapeutic use.