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1.
Heredity (Edinb) ; 107(1): 87-94, 2011 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21448231

RESUMO

Salient features of the first meiotic division are independent segregation of chromosomes and homologous recombination (HR). In non-sexually reproducing, homozygous species studied to date HR is absent. In this study, we constructed the first linkage maps of homozygous, bivalent-forming Oenothera species and provide evidence that HR was exclusively confined to the chromosome ends of all linkage groups in our population. Co-segregation of complementary DNA-based markers with the major group of AFLP markers indicates that HR has only a minor role in generating genetic diversity of this taxon despite its efficient adaptation capability. Uneven chromosome condensation during meiosis in Oenothera may account for restriction of HR. The use of plants with ancient chromosomal arm arrangement demonstrates that limitation of HR occurred before and independent from species hybridizations and reciprocal translocations of chromosome arms-a phenomenon, which is widespread in the genus. We propose that consecutive loss of HR favored the evolution of reciprocal translocations, beneficial superlinkage groups and ultimately permanent translocation heterozygosity.


Assuntos
Oenothera/genética , Recombinação Genética , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Cromossomos de Plantas , Homozigoto , Meiose , Reprodução/genética , Translocação Genética
2.
Eur J Cell Biol ; 78(4): 233-40, 1999 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10350211

RESUMO

In Arabidopsis thaliana the PALE CRESS (PAC) gene product is required for both chloroplast and cell differentiation. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing a translational fusion of the N-terminal part of the PAC protein harboring the complete plastid-targeting sequence and the green fluorescent protein (GFP) exhibit high GFP fluorescence. Detailed analyses based on confocal imaging of various tissues and cell types revealed that the PAC-GFP fusion protein accumulates in chloroplasts of mature stomatal guard cells. The GFP fluorescence within the guard cell chloroplasts is not evenly distributed and appears to be concentrated in suborganellar regions. GFP localization studies demonstrate that thin tubular projections emanating from chloroplasts and etioplasts often connect the organelles with each other. Furthermore, imaging of non-green and etiolated tissue further revealed that GFP fluorescence is present in proplastids, etioplasts, chromoplasts, and amyloplasts. Even photobleaching of carotenoid-free plastids does not affect PAC-GFP accumulation in the organelles of the guard cells indicating that the protein translocation machinery is functional in all types of plastids. The specific accumulation of GFP in guard cell chloroplasts, their tubular connections, the translocation of the precursor polypeptide into the different types of organelles, as well as the use of a plastid-targeted GFP protein as a versatile marker is discussed in the context of previously described observations.


Assuntos
Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas Luminescentes/metabolismo , Plastídeos/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/citologia , Cloroplastos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde , Herbicidas/farmacologia , Microscopia Confocal , Piridazinas/farmacologia
3.
DNA Res ; 8(2): 53-60, 2001 Apr 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11347902

RESUMO

Landsberg erecta x Columbia F8 recombinant inbred lines of Arabidopsis thaliana, arrayed BAC clones covering most of the genome, and databank sequence information were used to map the positions of 69 genes in the genome of A. thaliana. These genes encode all known constituents of the photosynthetic thylakoid membrane, some regulatory factors involved in its biogenesis, and the RNA polymerases of nuclear origin that operate in chloroplasts and mitochondria. Designations of novel genes are proposed. The data of these three approaches are generally consistent, although ambiguities have been noted for some genome segments and with gene duplications. For thylakoid multi-subunit structures, no positional clustering of genes has been found, not even for genes encoding different subunits of the same membrane complex. The genes of the lhc superfamily encoding antenna apoproteins and their relatives are a particularly intriguing example. The lack of positional clustering is consistent with phylogenetically independent gene translocations from the plastid (endosymbiont) to the nucleus. This raises the basic question of how independently translocated genes which acquired different promoter sequences and transit peptides were functionally integrated into common signal transduction chains.


Assuntos
Arabidopsis/genética , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Genoma de Planta , Proteínas de Membrana/fisiologia , Proteínas Nucleares/fisiologia , Tilacoides/fisiologia , Cromossomos Artificiais Bacterianos/genética , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Duplicação Gênica , Proteínas de Membrana/biossíntese , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/biossíntese , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Complexo de Proteínas do Centro de Reação Fotossintética/genética , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo Genético , Tilacoides/química , Tilacoides/genética
4.
J Biochem ; 118(3): 568-74, 1995 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8690719

RESUMO

Oligonucleotide primers derived from the cDNA encoding a full-length bovine UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide, N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-transferase) [Homa, F. L., Hollander, T., Lehman, D. J., Thomsen, D. R., and Elhammer, A. P. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 12609-12616], were used for PCR to isolate sequences encoding a homologous enzyme from human salivary gland cDNA. Comparison of the human and bovine nucleotide sequences reveals 94.8% sequence identity in their coding regions and 87% identity in their 3-untranslated regions. The translation of the human GalNAc-transferase coding region predicts an amino acid sequence which is nearly identical (99.6%) to that of the bovine counterpart; there are five conservative and one non-conservative amino acid substitutions between the two enzymes. Expression of the bovine and human cDNAs in the insect cell line, Sf9, resulted in the synthesis of proteins which appeared identical on SDS-PAGE and which had similar enzymatic properties. Screening of a somatic cell human/rodent hybrid panel with a probe derived from the human GaLNAc-transferase cDNA sequence indicated that the human GalNAc-transferase gene is localized to chromosome 18.


Assuntos
DNA Complementar/genética , N-Acetilgalactosaminiltransferases/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Bovinos , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Clonagem Molecular , Primers do DNA , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , N-Acetilgalactosaminiltransferases/biossíntese , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido Nucleico , Polipeptídeo N-Acetilgalactosaminiltransferase
5.
Metabolism ; 48(6): 716-24, 1999 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10381145

RESUMO

The intestinal hormone glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36)-amide (GLP-1) has recently been implicated as a possible therapeutic agent for the management of type 2 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). However, a major difficulty with the delivery of peptide-based agents is their short plasma half-life, mainly due to rapid serum clearance and proteolytic degradation. Using a peptide analog of GLP-1, the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin(9-39), we investigated whether the conjugation of a carbohydrate structure to exendin(9-39) would generate a peptide with intact biological activity and improved survival in circulation. The C-terminal portion of exendin(9-39) was reengineered to generate an efficient site for enzymatic O-glycosylation. The modified exendin(9-39) peptide (exe-M) was glycosylated by recombinant UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 (GalNAc-T1) alone or in conjunction with a recombinant GalNAc alpha2,6-sialyltransferase (Sialyl-T), resulting in exe-M peptides containing either the monosaccharide GalNAc or the disaccharide NeuAc alpha2,6GalNAc. The nonglycosylated and glycosylated forms of exe-M competed with nearly equal potency (> 90% of control) with the binding of [125I]GLP-1 to human GLP-1 receptors expressed on stably transfected COS-7 cells. In addition, each peptide was equally effective for inhibiting GLP-1-induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production in vitro. Studies with rats demonstrated that the modified and glycosylated forms of exendin(9-39) could antagonize exogenously administered GLP-1 in vivo. Interestingly, glycosylated exendin(9-39) homologs were more than twice as effective as the nonglycosylated peptide for inhibiting GLP-1-stimulated insulin production in vivo, suggesting a longer functional half-life in the circulation for glycosylated peptides. Results from in vivo studies with 3H-labeled peptides suggest that the glycosylated peptides may be less susceptible to modification in the circulation.


Assuntos
Glucagon/antagonistas & inibidores , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/antagonistas & inibidores , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/química , Precursores de Proteínas/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Chlorocebus aethiops , AMP Cíclico/antagonistas & inibidores , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Peptídeo 1 Semelhante ao Glucagon , Glicosilação , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/síntese química , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
6.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med ; 154(2): 143-9, 2000 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10665600

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: During the past decade, the number of children with asthma increased; however, the number of asthma hospitalizations for children decreased. OBJECTIVE: To assess the proportion of high-severity cases among children hospitalized with asthma and the association of high-severity asthma with patient and hospital characteristics. DESIGN: The data set used was the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Records were selected of patients 18 years and younger who had the principal diagnosis of asthma. Records were analyzed of 29077 patients at 746 hospitals in 1990 and 33 443 patients at 811 hospitals in 1995. Asthma severity was classified by All Patient Refined-Diagnosis-Related Groups. Cross-sectional logistic regression analysis was performed using survey data analysis software. RESULTS: The most common diagnoses associated with high-severity asthma were respiratory distress and respiratory failure. The proportion of high-severity asthma cases did not change significantly between 1990 (4.2%) and 1995 (4.6%) (P = .08). Adolescents and boys were more likely to have high-severity asthma than children aged 5 to 12 years and girls. Western, southern, and north-central hospitals and urban teaching hospitals had a higher proportion of high-severity asthma cases than northeastern hospitals and nonteaching hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Between 1990 and 1995, the proportion of high-severity cases among children hospitalized with asthma did not change significantly. However, patient age, sex, region of the country, and hospital teaching status were associated with variations in the proportion of high-severity asthma cases.


Assuntos
Asma/classificação , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Asma/complicações , Asma/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Tempo de Internação , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
7.
Obstet Gynecol ; 49(4): 481-5, 1977 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-857213

RESUMO

A marked drop in perinatal mortality at St. Louis City Hospital No. 1 (SLCH) from 1974 to 1975 (39.7 vs 20.6 per 1000 births) prompted a detailed analysis of various factors which might have effected the change. Comparisons were also made between SLCH and St. Mary's Health Center (SMHC), a private hospital affiliated with St. Louis University. The significant drop in perinatal mortality at SLCH in 1975 seems to be due to a combination of various factors: 1) improvement in antepartum care, 2) increase use of cesarean sections, and 3) the influence of intrapartum fetal monitoring.


Assuntos
Morte Fetal/epidemiologia , Mortalidade Infantil , Descolamento Prematuro da Placenta/complicações , Hemorragia Cerebral/complicações , Cesárea , Anormalidades Congênitas/complicações , Parto Obstétrico , Eritroblastose Fetal/complicações , Feminino , Morte Fetal/etiologia , Hipóxia Fetal/complicações , Hospitais Gerais , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Missouri , Placenta Prévia/complicações , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Cordão Umbilical
8.
J Sch Health ; 69(2): 63-8, 1999 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10231738

RESUMO

Program planners developed an educational program to improve the health of children with asthma in grades three to five in Milwaukee (Wis.) Public Schools. During 1997-1998, 1,400 students from 74 elementary schools participated in the Awesome Asthma School Days education program. In a cross-sectional survey, about 40% of children reported play interrupted and sleep disturbed by asthma, more than 50% of children reported exposure to smoke in their home, most children lacked asthma self-care tools, and most children with persistent symptoms did not use an anti-inflammatory inhaler. The educational program improved students' expectations about normal play and sleep and improved their understanding of asthma. Leaders in Milwaukee used the survey results to develop a community action plan. The educational program, surveys, community partnerships, and strategic plans can be replicated in other schools.


Assuntos
Asma/reabilitação , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Adulto , Criança , Participação da Comunidade , Estudos Transversais , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Pais , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Wisconsin
9.
Clin Drug Investig ; 13(2): 85-9, 1997.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18370455

RESUMO

In a placebo-controlled, double-blind study the effects of depressing duodenal motility by administration of intravenous trospium chloride during gastroduodenoscopy were studied in 72 patients randomised to receive trospium chloride or saline (controls). Intravenous trospium chloride 1.2mg stopped the visible contractile activity of the duodenum as assessed by 3 independent observers during videoendoscopy within 76 seconds (median). During a 4-minute observation period of duodenal peristalsis, duodenal motor activity was found to stop in 18 of 36 patients after trospium chloride but in only 5 of 36 patients in the placebo group (p = 0.002). Adverse effects were dry mouth, micturition difficulties, sweat retention, accommodation disturbance and tachycardia. Trospium chloride was effective in reducing contractile activity in the duodenum. Its potent action and minor adverse effect profile appear to be promising for gastroduodenoscopy and especially for sphincter of Oddi motility in patients during routine endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

10.
WMJ ; 99(2): 43-6, 2000 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10843024

RESUMO

Every year, an estimated 200 babies are born in Wisconsin with hearing impairment. Early identification of hearing loss is associated with better language development. This study describes the prevalence of newborn hearing screening at Wisconsin hospitals. Ninety-six percent of all 107 acute care hospitals with newborn delivery services responded to a mailed survey. In 1997, 10% of newborns in Wisconsin had hearing tested. In 1997 and 1998, two and then seven hospitals, respectively, established universal hearing screening programs. Nurses performed hearing tests on most newborns using automated auditory brainstem response equipment. Universal newborn hearing screening can be done by nurses or other personnel at community hospitals prior to discharge.


Assuntos
Testes Auditivos/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Comunitários/organização & administração , Triagem Neonatal/estatística & dados numéricos , Coleta de Dados , Hospitais Comunitários/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Avaliação das Necessidades , Wisconsin/epidemiologia
11.
WMJ ; 100(5): 55-8, 2001.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11579802

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the ability of a telephone triage service (TTS) to assess illness acuity of and patient compliance with advice given. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational study. PATIENTS: Patients of an urban, academic, pediatric clinic whose parents or caregivers called the TTS between July 23, 1997 and August 23, 1997. OUTCOME MEASURES: Patient outcomes and visit information at related medical encounters subsequent to a TTS call. RESULTS: Patients were primarily African-American, under age 5, enrolled in a Medicaid HMO, and most often called for fever, HMO authorization, or asthma. Homecare and PED referrals were the two most frequent dispositions; overall compliance rate was 60%. No patient referred for non-emergent care required care on an urgent or emergent basis. CONCLUSIONS: Initial results suggest that the TTS can effectively evaluate illness acuity in an urban population and compliance with advice is reasonable. A TTS may offer significant benefits to ensure care quality and contain costs in this population.


Assuntos
Assistência Noturna/organização & administração , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Triagem/organização & administração , Assistência Ambulatorial , Pré-Escolar , Coleta de Dados , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Cooperação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Enfermagem Pediátrica , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Encaminhamento e Consulta/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Telefone/estatística & dados numéricos , População Urbana , Wisconsin
12.
WMJ ; 100(8): 26-34, 2001.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12685294

RESUMO

PROBLEM: Asthma management should follow evidence-based national guidelines. We compared patient self-reports of usual care to clinical practice guidelines. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey of parents of 245 children age 2-14 years with asthma seen by physicians at 13 practices in Wisconsin. RESULTS: Most children with asthma were atopic and a substantial number experienced psychosocial problems. Families infrequently used written care plans. Knowledge about asthma triggers, especially tobacco smoke, was deficient. Increasing asthma severity was associated with poorer health. Although most parents rated their physician's expertise as excellent or very good, one-third of children with persistent symptoms used no daily control medication. Significant differences were observed between primary care and specialty care with the best asthma self-management done by patients of specialists. CONCLUSION: Care of Wisconsin children with asthma inconsistently follows national guidelines. They and their families require improved education, written care plans, appropriate medications, and psychosocial support.


Assuntos
Asma/terapia , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Adolescente , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Satisfação do Paciente , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Padrões de Prática Médica , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Sociedades Médicas , Wisconsin
16.
J Midwifery Womens Health ; 46(1): 45, 2001.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11300310
19.
Qual Saf Health Care ; 15(3): 202-7, 2006 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16751471

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Inpatient medical injuries among children are common and result in a longer stay in hospital and increased hospital charges. However, previous studies have used screening criteria that focus on inpatient occurrences only rather than on injuries that also occur in ambulatory or community settings leading to hospital admission. OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence and outcomes of medical injuries among children hospitalized in Wisconsin using the Wisconsin Medical Injury Prevention Program (WMIPP) screening criteria. METHODS: Cross sectional analysis of discharge records of 318,785 children from 134 hospitals in Wisconsin between 2000 and 2002. RESULTS: The WMIPP criteria identified 3.4% of discharges as having one or more medical injuries: 1.5% due to medications, 1.3% to procedures, and 0.9% to devices, implants and grafts. After adjusting for the All Patient Refined-Diagnosis Related Groups disease category, illness severity, mortality risk, and clustering within hospitals, the mean length of stay (LOS) was a half day (12%) longer for patients with medical injuries than for those without injuries. The similarly adjusted mean total hospital charges were 1614 dollars (26%) higher for the group with medical injuries. Excess LOS and charges were greatest for injuries due to genitourinary devices/implants, vascular devices, and infections/inflammation after procedures. CONCLUSIONS: This study reinforces previous national findings up to 2000 using Wisconsin data to the end of 2002. The results suggest that hospitals and pediatricians should focus clinical improvement on medications, procedures, and devices frequently associated with medical injuries and use medical injury surveillance to track medical injury rates in children.


Assuntos
Hospitais Gerais/estatística & dados numéricos , Doença Iatrogênica/epidemiologia , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Grupos Diagnósticos Relacionados , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Alta do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Próteses e Implantes/efeitos adversos , Lesões por Radiação/epidemiologia , Segurança , Estados Unidos , United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality , Wisconsin/epidemiologia
20.
Plant Cell ; 8(7): 1193-207, 1996 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8768377

RESUMO

The high-chlorophyll fluorescence photosynthesis mutant hcf109 of Arabidopsis was characterized in detail to gain insights into the regulatory mechanism of RNA processing in higher plants. By using electron transport, chlorophyll fluorescence, and immunoblot studies, we assigned the mutational lesion to photosystems I and II and the plastid NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex. The functional pleiotropy was reflected in RNA deficiencies. Although all nuclear-encoded photosynthetic RNAs analyzed revealed no difference in size or steady state level between mutant and wild type, the RNA patterns of the plastome-encoded psbB-psbT-psbH-petB-petD, psbD-psbC-ycf9, ndhC-ndhK-ndhJ, and ndhH-ndhA-ndhI-ndhG-ndhE-psaC-ndh D transcription units were severely disturbed. These operons encode subunits of photosystems I (psa) and II (psb), the cytochrome bGf complex (pet), the plastid NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (ndh), and the unidentified open reading frame ycf9. With the exception of the ndhC operon, the RNA deficiencies observed were specific and restricted to particular segments of the psbB, psbD/C, and ndhH operons, that is, the psbB-psbT, ycf9, and psaC regions. Run-on transcription studies with isolated chloroplasts showed that the failure of these transcripts to accumulate was due to RNA stability and not transcription. Other polycistronic transcription units analyzed were not affected by the mutation. This result indicates that the trans-regulatory factor encoded by the hcf109 gene is not a general RNA stability factor but that it specifically controls the stability of only these distinct transcripts. Because the hcf109 locus was mapped at a distance < 0.1 centimorgans from the phytochrome C gene, its molecular characterization by positional cloning is possible.


Assuntos
Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Genes de Plantas , Família Multigênica , Mutação , Óperon , Complexo de Proteínas do Centro de Reação Fotossintética/biossíntese , Complexo de Proteínas do Centro de Reação Fotossintética/genética , Transcrição Gênica , Sequência de Bases , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Cloroplastos/metabolismo , Primers do DNA , Complexos de Proteínas Captadores de Luz , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fotossíntese/genética , Complexo de Proteína do Fotossistema II , Plastídeos/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido Nucleico
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