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1.
BMC Biotechnol ; 24(1): 43, 2024 Jun 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38909197

RESUMO

Fungal diseases are often linked to poverty, which is associated with poor hygiene and sanitation conditions that have been severely worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, COVID-19 patients are treated with Dexamethasone, a corticosteroid that promotes an immunosuppressive profile, making patients more susceptible to opportunistic fungal infections, such as those caused by Candida species. In this study, we analyzed the prevalence of Candida yeasts in wastewater samples collected to track viral genetic material during the COVID-19 pandemic and identified the yeasts using polyphasic taxonomy. Furthermore, we investigated the production of biofilm and hydrolytic enzymes, which are known virulence factors. Our findings revealed that all Candida species could form biofilms and exhibited moderate hydrolytic enzyme activity. We also proposed a workflow for monitoring wastewater using Colony PCR instead of conventional PCR, as this technique is fast, cost-effective, and reliable. This approach enhances the accurate taxonomic identification of yeasts in environmental samples, contributing to environmental monitoring as part of the One Health approach, which preconizes the monitoring of possible emergent pathogenic microorganisms, including fungi.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Candida , Águas Residuárias , Fluxo de Trabalho , Águas Residuárias/microbiologia , Águas Residuárias/virologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candida/genética , Candida/classificação , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/virologia , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2/genética , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Biofilmes , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Pandemias
2.
J Appl Microbiol ; 135(7)2024 Jul 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39013607

RESUMO

AIMS: This study aimed to assess the use of cross-assembled phage (crAssphage) as an endogenous control employing a multivariate normalization analysis and its application as a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) data normalizer. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 188 twelve-hour composite raw sewage samples were obtained from eight wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) during a 1-year monitoring period. Employing the N1 and N2 target regions, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 94% (177) and 90% (170) of the samples, respectively, with a global median of 5 log10 genomic copies per liter (GC l-1). CrAssphage was detected in 100% of the samples, ranging from 8.29 to 10.43 log10 GC l-1, with a median of 9.46 ± 0.40 log10 GC l-1, presenting both spatial and temporal variabilities. CONCLUSIONS: Although SARS-CoV-2 data normalization employing crAssphage revealed a correlation with clinical cases occurring during the study period, crAssphage normalization by the flow per capita per day of each WWTP increased this correlation, corroborating the importance of normalizing wastewater surveillance data in disease trend monitoring.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Esgotos , Águas Residuárias , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Águas Residuárias/virologia , Humanos , Esgotos/virologia , Bacteriófagos/genética , Bacteriófagos/isolamento & purificação , RNA Viral/genética , RNA Viral/análise , Vigilância Epidemiológica Baseada em Águas Residuárias
3.
Environ Monit Assess ; 196(11): 1108, 2024 Oct 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39460842

RESUMO

Water quality monitoring is paramount in identifying and mitigating pollution sources, protecting aquatic ecosystems, and ensuring safe water for human and wildlife consumption. This study is aimed at evaluating the quality of drinking water sources in three communities located in a Sustainable Use Conservation Unit in the municipality of Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, employing a multivariate statistical analysis. A total of 161 water samples were collected from January to December 2022, encompassing 32 surface water and 129 tap water samples. Physicochemical parameters were determined in situ employing a Horiba U50 multiparameter probe. The samples were stored and transported at 4 °C to the laboratory for microbiological analyses concerning total coliforms and Escherichia coli using a commercial enzymatic test. All samples contained coliforms, while E. coli were detected in 87% of the samples. The multivariate analysis indicated that the microbiological water quality in sampling region R2 was influenced by rainy periods and that, in general, the water quality within R3 was the most affected by the transport of solids to the water sources. The statistical methods applied herein aided in characterizing the study areas and detecting points of attention regarding physicochemical and microbiological parameters that significantly influence the water quality of each sampling point. Representative points for each study region were identified and may be employed for future monitoring and prevention actions.


Assuntos
Água Potável , Monitoramento Ambiental , Floresta Úmida , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Brasil , Análise Multivariada , Água Potável/microbiologia , Água Potável/química , Qualidade da Água , Microbiologia da Água , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Escherichia coli , Abastecimento de Água
4.
J Appl Microbiol ; 134(7)2023 Jul 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37429601

RESUMO

AIMS: Leachate comprises a solid waste decomposition product found fresh in collection trucks or as an effluent in landfills. This study aimed to assess the occurrence, concentrations, and genetic diversity of intact rotavirus species A (RVA) in solid waste leachate. METHODS AND RESULTS: Leachate samples were concentrated by ultracentrifugation, treated with propidium monoazide (PMA), and exposed to LED photolysis. Treated and untread samples were extracted using the QIAamp Fast DNA Stool mini kit, and nucleic acids were screened for RVA employing a Taqman® Real-time PCR. The PMA RT-qPCR method detected RVA in eight out of nine truck samples and in 15.40% (2/13) of the landfill leachate samples. The RVA concentrations in the PMA-treated samples ranged from 4.57 × 103 to 2.15 × 107 genomic copies (GC) 100 mL-1 in truck leachate and from 7.83 × 103 to 1.42 × 104 GC 100 mL-1 in landfill samples. Six truck leachate samples were characterized as RVA VP6 genogroup I2 by partial nucleotide sequencing. CONCLUSIONS: The high intact RVA detection rates and concentrations in truck leachate samples indicate potential infectivity and comprise a warning for solid waste collectors concerning hand-to-mouth contact and the splash route.


Assuntos
Eliminação de Resíduos , Rotavirus , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Resíduos Sólidos/análise , Rotavirus/genética , Instalações de Eliminação de Resíduos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , Genótipo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Eliminação de Resíduos/métodos
5.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 118: e230084, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37672426

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Few studies have focused on microbial diversity in indoor environments of ships, as well as the role of the microbiome and its ecological interconnections. In this study, we investigated the microbiome and virome present on the internal surfaces of a polar ship in different stages (beginning, during, and at the end) of the Brazilian Antarctic expedition in order to evaluate abundance of microorganisms in different periods. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: We used shotgun metagenomic analysis on pooled samples from sampling surfaces in the ship's interior to track the microbial diversity. FINDINGS: Considering the total fraction of the microbiome, the relative abundance of bacteria, eukaryotes, viruses, and archaea was 83.7%, 16.2%, 0.04%, and 0.002%, respectively. Proteobacteria was the most abundant bacterial phyla, followed by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Concerning the virome, the greatest richness of viral species was identified during the middle of the trip, including ten viral families after de novo assembly: Autographiviridae, Chrysoviridae, Genomoviridae, Herelleviridae, Myoviridae, Partitiviridae, Podoviridae, Potyviridae, Siphoviridae, and Virgaviridae. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: This study contributed to the knowledge of microbial diversity in naval transportation facilities, and variations in the abundance of microorganisms probably occurred due to factors such as the number of passengers and activities on the ship.


Assuntos
Microbiota , Viroma , Humanos , Navios , Regiões Antárticas , Archaea/genética
6.
Environ Monit Assess ; 194(2): 51, 2022 Jan 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34985601

RESUMO

Stormwater harvesting and reuse in the urban environment is emerging as an alternative water source, despite human pathogens in the stormwater may represent a hazard to public health. This study presents the results of 1-year monitoring to evaluate the quality of stormwater obtained in a high-income neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro for a set of microbiological parameters as total coliforms, Escherichia coli (E. coli), human adenovirus (HAdV), human JC polyomavirus (JCPyV), Group A rotavirus (RVA), and norovirus GI and GII. Forty-eight stormwater samples obtained from two multiplex units presented total coliforms and E. coli in 91.7% (n = 44) and 58.3% (n = 28) of samples, while HAdV and JCPyV were detected in 20.8% (n = 10) and 12.5% (n = 6), respectively. Viral quantification ranged from 103 to 104 genomic copies/liter (GC/L) for HAdV and from 101 to 104 GC/L for JCPyV. Neither RVA nor norovirus GI and GII was detected. Fifteen out of sixteen (93.8%) samples containing viruses were compliant as per fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) according to Brazilian standards for rainwater reuse and US EPA Guidelines for Water Reuse, suggesting that viruses monitoring should complement the study of bacterial indicators.


Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental , Microbiologia da Água , Adenovírus Humanos , Brasil , Escherichia coli , Humanos
7.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 115: e200196, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32725059

RESUMO

This study presents preliminary results from a sewage-based surveillance to monitor the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the municipality of Niterói, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. By using ultracentrifugation method associated to quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) we detected SARS-CoV-2 in 41.6% (5/12) of raw sewage samples obtained from sewage treatment plants and sewers network in the city. This pioneer study carried out in Brazil aims to subsidise information for health surveillance concerning the viral circulation in different areas of the city and, revealed the insertion and importance of environmental virology in health public policies.


Assuntos
Betacoronavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Esgotos/virologia , Brasil , COVID-19 , Humanos , Pandemias , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , SARS-CoV-2 , Ultracentrifugação
8.
J Med Virol ; 91(5): 744-750, 2019 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30614007

RESUMO

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a significant cause of child mortality worldwide. In Brazil, despite the reduction in infant mortality achieved in recent years, many children still die because of undiagnosed AGE. The prevalence, viral load, and circulating genotypes of rotavirus A (RVA), human adenovirus (HAdV), and norovirus GII (NoV GII) were investigated in children with AGE during 12 months in Vitoria, Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil. Enteric viruses were detected in stool samples, quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, sequenced, and compared phylogenetically. The overall prevalence was 93.3% (125/134). Cases of single infection (41.8%) and mixed infection (51.5%) were observed; in 21.6% of cases, all the three viruses were detected. RVA had the highest number of copies in all infections. Phylogenetic analysis revealed predominantly the presence of RVA genotype G3, followed by G2 and G9. HAdV clustered within subgroup C, but some samples harbored subgroups A, D, or F. All sequenced NoV-positive samples clustered within the prevalent genotype GII.4. The high prevalence of RVA, HAdV, and NoV in diarrheal feces clarifies the etiology of AGE in this population, and the presence of RVA in vaccinated children reinforces the importance of monitoring programs to identify the causes of gastroenteritis and contribute to the reliability of diagnosis.


Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae/epidemiologia , Adenoviridae/classificação , Infecções por Caliciviridae/epidemiologia , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Norovirus/classificação , Infecções por Rotavirus/epidemiologia , Rotavirus/classificação , Adenoviridae/genética , Adenoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Adenoviridae/virologia , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Infecções por Caliciviridae/virologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Gastroenterite/virologia , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Norovirus/genética , Norovirus/isolamento & purificação , Prevalência , Rotavirus/genética , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Rotavirus/virologia , Carga Viral
9.
Arch Virol ; 164(5): 1427-1432, 2019 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30859473

RESUMO

We report on the occurrence and diversity of noroviruses in children (younger than 5 years old of age) from a low-income urban area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sixty-one stool specimens collected from children between 1 and 4 years old with acute diarrhoeic episodes (ADE) and non-ADE were investigated. RT-qPCR and sequencing of PCR products after conventional RT-PCR analysis were performed. Noroviruses were detected in 29 (47.5%) samples: 21 (46.7%) from cases with ADE and 8 (50%) from non-ADE cases. Molecular characterization showed 10 different genotypes circulating in this community between November 2014 and April 2018.


Assuntos
Gastroenterite/virologia , Variação Genética/genética , Norovirus/genética , Brasil , Pré-Escolar , Fezes/virologia , Gastroenterite/diagnóstico , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , Norovirus/isolamento & purificação , Filogenia , Pobreza , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Análise de Sequência de DNA
10.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 111(6): 403-6, 2016 May 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27223654

RESUMO

A gastroenteritis outbreak that occurred in 2013 in a low-income community in Rio de Janeiro was investigated for the presence of enteric viruses, including species A rotavirus (RVA), norovirus (NoV), astrovirus (HAstV), bocavirus (HBoV), aichivirus (AiV), and adenovirus (HAdV). Five of nine stool samples (83%) from patients were positive for HAdV, and no other enteric viruses were detected. Polymerase chain reaction products were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis, which revealed four strains and one strain of non-enteric HAdV-A12 and HAdV-F41, respectively. The HAdV-A12 nucleotide sequences shared 100% nucleotide similarity. Viral load was assessed using a TaqMan real-time PCR assay. Stool samples that were positive for HAdV-A12 had high viral loads (mean 1.9 X 107 DNA copies/g stool). All four patients with HAdV-A12 were < 25 months of age and had symptoms of fever and diarrhoea. Evaluation of enteric virus outbreaks allows the characterisation of novel or unique diarrhoea-associated viruses in regions where RVA vaccination is routinely performed.


Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae/epidemiologia , Adenoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Gastroenterite/virologia , Adenoviridae/genética , Infecções por Adenoviridae/virologia , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/virologia , Surtos de Doenças , Fezes/virologia , Feminino , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Filogenia , RNA Viral/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real
11.
Viruses ; 16(3)2024 02 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38543684

RESUMO

This study investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of gastroenteric viruses in mussels and oysters in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. One hundred and thirty-four marketed bivalve samples were obtained between January and December 2022. The viral analysis was performed according to ISO/TS 15216, and the screening revealed the detection of norovirus GII/GI (40.3%), sapovirus (SaV; 12.7%), human mastadenovirus (7.5%), and rotavirus A (RVA; 5.9%). In total, 44.8% (60) of shellfish samples tested positive for one or more viruses, 46.7% (28/60) of the positive samples tested positive for a single viral agent, 26.7% (16) tested positive for two viral agents, 8.3% (5) for three viral agents, and 13.3% (8) for four viral agents. Additionally, three mussel samples were contaminated with the five investigated viruses (5%, 3/60). Norovirus GII showed the highest mean viral load (3.4 × 105 GC/g), followed by SaV (1.4 × 104 GC/g), RVA (1.1 × 104 GC/g), human mastadenovirus (3.9 × 103 GC/g), and norovirus GI (6.7 × 102 GC/g). Molecular characterization revealed that the recovered norovirus strains belonged to genotypes GII.2, GII.6, GII.9, GII.17, and GII.27; SaV belonged to genotypes GI.1 and GIV.1; RVA to genotypes G6, G8, P[8]-III, and human mastadenovirus to types F40 and F41. The GII.27 norovirus characterized in this study is the only strain of this genotype reported in Brazil. This study highlights the dissemination and diversity of gastroenteric viruses present in commercialized bivalves in a touristic area, indicating the potential risk to human health and the contribution of bivalves in the propagation of emerging pathogens.


Assuntos
Bivalves , Infecções por Caliciviridae , Mastadenovirus , Norovirus , Ostreidae , Rotavirus , Animais , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cidades , Rotavirus/genética , Norovirus/genética , Genótipo , Filogenia , Fezes
12.
Food Environ Virol ; 16(2): 188-199, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38441780

RESUMO

This study aimed to assess two homogenization methods to recover norovirus from Minas artisanal cheese (MAC) made with raw bovine milk obtained from four microregions of the Minas Gerais state, Brazil, with different ripening times and geographical and abiotic characteristics. For this purpose, 33 fiscal samples were artificially contaminated with norovirus GI and GII, and Mengovirus (MgV), used as an internal process control (IPC). TRIzol® reagent and Proteinase K homogenization methods were evaluated for all samples were then subjected to RNA extraction using viral magnetic beads and RT-qPCR Taqman® for viral detection/quantification. Proteinase K method showed better efficiency results for both norovirus GI and GII, with means recovery efficiency of 45.7% (95% CI 34.3-57.2%) and 41.4% (95% CI 29.1-53.6%), respectively, when compared to TRIzol method (16.6% GI, 95% CI 8.4-24.9%, and 12.3% GII, 95% CI 7.0-17.6%). The limits of detection for norovirus GI and GII for this method were 101GC/g and 103GC/g, respectively, independent of cheese origin. MgV was detected and revealed in 100% success rate in all types of cheese, with mean recovery efficiency of 25.6% for Proteinase K, and 3.8% for the TRIzol method. According to cheese origin, Triangulo Mineiro MAC had the highest mean recovery rates for the three viral targets surveyed (89% GI, 87% GII, and 51% MgV), while Serro MAC showed the lowest rates (p < 0.001). Those results indicate that the proteinase K adapted method is suitable for norovirus GI and GII detection in MAC and corroborated MgV as an applicable IPC to be used during the process.


Assuntos
Queijo , Contaminação de Alimentos , Leite , Norovirus , Queijo/virologia , Norovirus/isolamento & purificação , Norovirus/genética , Norovirus/classificação , Animais , Leite/virologia , Bovinos , Brasil , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , RNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , RNA Viral/genética , RNA Viral/análise , Fast Foods/virologia , Fast Foods/análise
13.
J Water Health ; 11(1): 110-9, 2013 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23428554

RESUMO

Sewage discharge is considered to be the main source of virus contamination in aquatic environments. There is no correlation between the presence of viruses and the presence of fecal coliforms in water; therefore virological markers are needed when monitoring contamination. This study investigates DNA and RNA virus concentrations in wastewater and evaluates a potential virus marker of human contamination. Influent and effluent samples were collected twice a month throughout a 1-year period. Viruses were detected using quantitative polymerase chain reaction protocols; nucleotide sequencing was carried out for virus genotyping. Human adenovirus (HAdV) and polyomavirus JC (JCPyV) were the most prevalent viruses found in influent samples (100%) with a virus load that ranged from 10(6) to 10(5) genome copies per liter (gc l(-1)). Norovirus genogroup II (NoV GII) and human astrovirus (HAstV) were less prevalent, and ranged from 10(4) to 10(3)gc l(-1). Quantitative data on virus profiles in wastewaters stress the high level of rotavirus species A environmental dissemination and address the potential of HAdV as a useful virological marker of virus contamination in aquatic environments. This study corroborates other studies performed in developed countries on DNA viruses as good markers of human fecal contamination.


Assuntos
Esgotos/virologia , Vírus/classificação , Vírus/isolamento & purificação , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Microbiologia da Água/normas , Brasil , Cidades , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Purificação da Água/métodos
14.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 108(1): 77-83, 2013 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23440119

RESUMO

The presence of enteric viruses in biosolids can be underestimated due to the inefficient methods (mainly molecular methods) used to recover the viruses from these matrices. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the different methods used to recover adenoviruses (AdV), rotavirus species A (RVA), norovirus genogroup II (NoV GII) and the hepatitis A virus (HAV) from biosolid samples at a large urban wastewater treatment plant in Brazil after they had been treated by mesophilic anaerobic digestion. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for spiking experiments to compare the detection limits of feasible methods, such as beef extract elution and ultracentrifugation. Tests were performed to detect the inhibition levels and the bacteriophage PP7 was used as an internal control. The results showed that the inhibitors affected the efficiency of the PCR reaction and that beef extract elution is a suitable method for detecting enteric viruses, mainly AdV from biosolid samples. All of the viral groups were detected in the biosolid samples: AdV (90%), RVA, NoV GII (45%) and HAV (18%), indicating the viruses' resistance to the anaerobic treatment process. This is the first study in Brazil to detect the presence of RVA, AdV, NoV GII and HAV in anaerobically digested sludge, highlighting the importance of adequate waste management.


Assuntos
Adenoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Hepatite A/isolamento & purificação , Norovirus/isolamento & purificação , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Esgotos/virologia , Microbiologia da Água , Anaerobiose , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Purificação da Água/métodos
15.
Sci Total Environ ; 865: 161210, 2023 Mar 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36581294

RESUMO

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is an approach with the potential to complement clinical surveillance systems. Using WBE, it is possible to carry out an early warning of a possible outbreak, monitor spatial and temporal trends of infectious diseases, produce real-time results and generate representative epidemiological information in a territory, especially in areas of social vulnerability. Despite the historical uses of this approach, particularly in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, and for other pathogens, it was during the COVID-19 pandemic that occurred an exponential increase in environmental surveillance programs for SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater, with many experiences and developments in the field of public health using data for decision making and prioritizing actions to control the pandemic. In Latin America, WBE was applied in heterogeneous contexts and with emphasis on populations that present many socio-environmental inequalities, a condition shared by all Latin American countries. This manuscript addresses the concepts and applications of WBE in public health actions, as well as different experiences in Latin American countries, and discusses a model to implement this surveillance system at the local or national level. We emphasize the need to implement this sentinel surveillance system in countries that want to detect the early entry and spread of new pathogens and monitor outbreaks or epidemics of infectious agents in their territories as a complement of public health surveillance systems.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Vigilância Epidemiológica Baseada em Águas Residuárias , Humanos , América Latina/epidemiologia , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle
16.
Food Environ Virol ; 15(1): 21-31, 2023 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36629977

RESUMO

This study assessed the sources of contamination of water matrices in a rural area using detection of a host-specific virus (human adenovirus [HAdV], porcine adenovirus [PAdV] and bovine polyomaviruses [BoPyV]) as potential microbial source-tracking tool, and rotavirus A [RVA], given its epidemiological importance in Brazil. From July 2017 to June 2018, 92 samples were collected from eight points (P1-P8) of surface and raw waters in southeastern region of Brazil. Fifty-five (59.8%) were positive for HAdV, 41 (44.5%) for RVA, 10 (10.9%) for PAdV and four (4.3%) for BoPyV. HAdV and RVA were detected at all sites, and over the entire sampling period, PAdV was detected at a porcine breeding area and at Guarda River site, presenting high concentrations up to 2.6 × 109 genome copies per liter [GC/L], and viral concentrations ranging from 9.6 × 101 to 7.1 × 107, while BoPyV (1.5 × 104 GC/L-9.2 × 105 GC/L) was only detected in samples from the bovine breeding areas. The combination of human and animal virus circulation presents a potential impact in the environment due to raw sewage discharge from regional communities, as well as potential hazard to human and animal health.


Assuntos
Adenovírus Humanos , Adenovirus Suínos , Polyomavirus , Rotavirus , Humanos , Animais , Bovinos , Suínos , Água , Brasil , Microbiologia da Água
17.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 30(25): 67368-67377, 2023 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37101215

RESUMO

Municipal solid waste leachate-based epidemiology is an alternative viral tracking tool that applies fresh truck leachate as an early warning of public health emergencies. This study aimed to investigate the potential of SARS-CoV-2 surveillance based on solid waste fresh truck leachate. Twenty truck leachate samples were ultracentrifugated, nucleic acid extracted, and real-time RT-qPCR SARS-CoV-2 N1/N2 applied. Viral isolation, variant of concern (N1/N2) inference, and whole genome sequencing were also performed. SARS-CoV-2 was detected on 40% (8/20) of samples, with a concentration from 2.89 to 6.96 RNA Log10 100 mL-1. The attempt to isolate SARS-CoV-2 and recover the whole genome was not successful; however, positive samples were characterized as possible pre-variant of concern (pre-VOC), VOC Alpha (B.1.1.7) and variant of interest Zeta (P.2). This approach revealed an alternative tool to infer SARS-CoV-2 in the environment and may help the management of local surveillance, health, and social policies.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Humanos , Brasil , SARS-CoV-2 , Resíduos Sólidos
18.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 193: 115110, 2023 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37307749

RESUMO

This study assessed the microbiological contamination of the marine area of a metropolitan region, where a marine outfall is used as a sanitary solution for domestic sewage. For human mastadenovirus (HAdV) quantification 134 water samples were concentrated by skimmed milk flocculation method and analyzed with qPCR and PMAxx-qPCR, being the latter to assess the capsid integrity viral. HAdV with intact capsids were detected in 10 % (16/102) of samples classified as suitable for bathing using at least one fecal bacterial indicator. Spatial analysis of the results showed that the drainage channels of the basin that flow into the sea are the main sources of microbiological contamination in the foreshore zone, where intact HAdV reached a concentration of up to 3 log genomic copies/L. HAdV serotypes A12, D, F40 and F41 were characterized. Our results suggest the use of intact HAdV as a complementary parameter to assess the quality of recreational waters.


Assuntos
Mastadenovirus , Esgotos , Humanos , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Bactérias
19.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 107(6): 778-84, 2012 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22990969

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to determine the occurrences of the group A rotavirus (RVA), norovirus (NoV) and human adenovirus (HAdV) in the surface waters of an urban lagoon (Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon) in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. During one year of surveillance, water samples were obtained from the lagoon and other interconnected ecosystems (river and beach). The samples were concentrated using an adsorption-elution method with a negatively charged membrane and tested by qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays. RVA was the most prevalent virus detected (24.3%) with a viral load ranging from 3.0 x 10¹-5.6 x 10(4) genome copies/L, followed by NoV (18.8%) and HAdV (16.7%). Considering water samples suitable for bathing, according to Escherichia coli criterion (< 2,000 most probable number/100 mL), viruses were detected in 50% (57/114) of them. Physicochemical parameters were also measured and showed possible correlations between turbidity and RVA presence and between pH and NoV presence. These data demonstrate the importance of considering viral parameters to ensure water quality and the utilisation of these parameters as additional tools for the characterisation of environmental contamination.


Assuntos
Adenoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Lagos/virologia , Norovirus/isolamento & purificação , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Microbiologia da Água , Brasil , Monitoramento Ambiental , Humanos
20.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 107(8): 1064-7, 2012 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23295760

RESUMO

This retrospective study (April-September 2003) was designed to investigate the roles of the main viruses responsible for cases of acute infantile gastroenteritis in hospitalised children up to two years of age. The viruses were identified in 64.7% (88/136) of the cases and the detection rates of rotavirus A (RVA), norovirus (NoV) and astrovirus were 41.9% (57/136), 30.3% (24/79) and 12.7% (7/55), respectively. RVA and NoV were detected in 20 of the 24 reported nosocomial infection cases. This study identified the first circulation of the genotype NoV GII.21 in Brazil and highlights the need to establish differential diagnoses through active laboratorial surveillance.


Assuntos
Gastroenterite/virologia , Mamastrovirus/genética , Norovirus/genética , Rotavirus/genética , Doença Aguda , Brasil , Fezes/virologia , Feminino , Genótipo , Hospitalização , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Mamastrovirus/isolamento & purificação , Norovirus/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Estações do Ano
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