Expression of the monocarboxylate transporter MCT1 is required for virus-specific mouse CD8+ T cell memory development.

Lactate-proton symporter monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) facilitates lactic acid export from T cells. Here, we report that MCT1 is mandatory for the development of virus-specific CD8+ T cell memory. MCT1-deficient T cells were exposed to acute pneumovirus (pneumonia virus of mice, PVM) or persistent γ-herpesvirus (Murid herpesvirus 4, MuHV-4) infection. MCT1 was required for the expansion of virus-specific CD8+ T cells and the control of virus replication in the acute phase of infection. This situation prevented the subsequent development of virus-specific T cell memory, a necessary step in containing virus reactivation during γ-herpesvirus latency. Instead, persistent active infection drove virus-specific CD8+ T cells toward functional exhaustion, a phenotype typically seen in chronic viral infections. Mechanistically, MCT1 deficiency sequentially impaired lactic acid efflux from activated CD8+ T cells, caused an intracellular acidification inhibiting glycolysis, disrupted nucleotide synthesis in the upstream pentose phosphate pathway, and halted cell proliferation which, ultimately, promoted functional CD8+ T cell exhaustion instead of memory development. Taken together, our data demonstrate that MCT1 expression is mandatory for inducing T cell memory and controlling viral infection by CD8+ T cells.

Explaining International Trends in Mortality on Hemodialysis Through Changes in Hemodialysis Practices in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS).

RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: Case-mix adjusted hemodialysis mortality has decreased since 1998. Many factors that influence mortality may have contributed to this trend and these associations may differ by continental region. We studied changes in hemodialysis facility practices over time and their potential role in mediating changes in patient survival. STUDY DESIGN: Observational prospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: Adult hemodialysis patients treated in hemodialysis 500 facilities participating in the Dialysis Outcomes Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) between 1999 and 2015 in the US, Japan, and 4 four European countries: Germany, Italy, Spain, and UK. PREDICTORS: Four practice measures at each facility: the percentages of patients with Kt/V>1.2, interdialytic weight gain [IDWG]<5.7%, phosphorus<6 mg/dL, and using AV fistulae. OUTCOMES: Patient survival. ANALYTICAL APPROACH: Mediation analyses, adjusted for case mix, were conducted using 3-year study phase as the exposure and facility practice measures as potential mediators. RESULTS: In Europe, we observed a 13% improvement in overall case-mix adjusted survival per decade. Trends in facility practice measures, especially Kt/V and phosphorus, explained 10% improvement in case-mix survival per decade, representing 77% (10% explained of 13% improvement) of the observed improvement. In Japan, 73% of the observed 12%/decade improvement in case-mix adjusted survival could be attributed to facility practices, especially Kt/V and IDWG. In the US, 56% of the observed 47%/decade improvement in case-mix adjusted survival could be attributed to facility practices, especially AV fistula use and phosphorus control. LIMITATIONS: Unmeasured changes in the characteristics of the patient population over this period may confound the observed associations. CONCLUSION: The improvements in adjusted hemodialysis patient survival in Europe, Japan, and the US from 1999 to 2015 can be largely explained by improvements in specific facility practices. Future changes in patient survival may be responsive to further evolution in the implementation of common clinical practices.

Statistical Mechanics of Electrowetting.

We derive the ab initio equilibrium statistical mechanics of the gas-liquid-solid contact angle on planar periodic, monodisperse, textured surfaces subject to electrowetting. To that end, we extend an earlier theory that predicts the advance or recession of the contact line amount to distinct first-order phase transitions of the filling state in the ensemble of nearby surface cavities. Upon calculating the individual capacitance of a cavity subject to the influence of its near neighbors, we show how hysteresis, which is manifested by different advancing and receding contact angles, is affected by electrowetting. The analysis reveals nine distinct regimes characterizing contact angle behavior, three of which arise only when a voltage is applied to the conductive liquid drop. As the square voltage is progressively increased, the theory elucidates how the drop occasionally undergoes regime transitions triggering jumps in the contact angle, possibly changing its hysteresis, or saturating it at a value weakly dependent on further voltage growth. To illustrate these phenomena and validate the theory, we confront its predictions with four data sets. A benefit of the theory is that it forsakes trial and error when designing textured surfaces with specific contact angle behavior.

Spectrofluorimetric Approach for Quantification of Cyclizine in the Presence of its Toxic Impurities in Human Plasma; in silico Study and ADMET Calculations.

Cyclizine (CYZ); an antiemetic compound; is widely misused for its euphoric or hallucinatory effects, either by oral or intravenous routes. The concomitant abuse of CYZ among addicted adolescents contributes to neuromuscular disorders that are life-threatening. Consequently, with the company of 1-Methylpiperazine (MPZ) and diphenylmethanol (DPM, Benzhydrol) as pharmacopoeia-reported CYZ impurities, a novel spectrofluorimetric assay for the detection of CYZ, has been established either in human plasma samples or in its parenteral formulation. The native fluorescence of CYZ has been investigated under various conditions. Different parameters affecting relative fluorescence intensity of CYZ including diluting solvent, surfactant, plasma protein solvent, and pH were studied and optimized. The linearity obtained between the fluorescence intensity at emission wavelength 350 nm after excitation at 244 nm and the corresponding CYZ concentrations was in the range 10-1000 ng/mL for measurement of CYZ either in pure form or in human plasma samples, with a appropriate correlation coefficient (r = 0.9999) and 3.10 ng/mL as the limit of detection and 9.41 ng/mL as the limit of quantitation. The suggested procedure was created and validated in accordance with ICH guidelines for quantification of CYZ either in its pure form or its dosage form, and FDA guidelines for the assay of CYZ in human plasma. Finally, in silico study and ADMET predictions were conducted for the studied drug impurities to estimate their pharmacokinetic behaviors. The results showed that both CYZ impurities have higher cellular permeability and maximum tolerated doses, DPM has higher BBB and CNS permeability than MPZ, while MPZ exceeds DPM in total clearance and volume of distribution.

The Natural History of T Cell Metabolism.

The cells of the immune system, particularly the T lymphocytes, have two main features that distinguish them from the cells of other tissues. They proliferate after activation and have the ability to move in tissues and organs. These characteristics compel them to develop metabolic plasticity in order to fulfil their immune function. This review focuses on the different known mechanisms that allow T cells to adapt their metabolism to the real-life circumstances they operate in, whether it is to exit quiescence, to differentiate into effector cells, or to participate in immune memory formation. Some of the metabolic adaptations to environmental variations that T cells are likely to undergo in their immune monitoring function are also discussed.

Metabolic programming in chronically stimulated T cells: Lessons from cancer and viral infections.

T-cell metabolism is central to the shaping of a successful immune response. However, there are pathological situations where T cells are rendered dysfunctional and incapable of eliminating infected or transformed cells. Here, we review the current knowledge on T-cell metabolism and how persistent antigenic stimulation, in the form of cancer and chronic viral infection, modifies both metabolic and functional pathways in T cells.

Micro-RNA-155-mediated control of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is required for restoring adaptively tolerant CD4+ T-cell function in rodents.

T cells chronically stimulated by a persistent antigen often become dysfunctional and lose effector functions and proliferative capacity. To identify the importance of micro-RNA-155 (miR-155) in this phenomenon, we analyzed mouse miR-155-deficient CD4(+) T cells in a model where the chronic exposure to a systemic antigen led to T-cell functional unresponsiveness. We found that miR-155 was required for restoring function of T cells after programmed death receptor 1 blockade. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) was identified as a specific target of miR-155 and inhibition of HO-1 activity restored the expansion and tissue migration capacity of miR-155(-/-) CD4(+) T cells. Moreover, miR-155-mediated control of HO-1 expression in CD4(+) T cells was shown to sustain in vivo antigen-specific expansion and IL-2 production. Thus, our data identify HO-1 regulation as a mechanism by which miR-155 promotes T-cell-driven inflammation.

PD-1 deletion restores susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in miR-155-deficient mice.

MiR-155 (-/-) mice are highly resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), while Pdcd1 (-/-) mice develop a more severe form of the disease. To determine the conflicting roles of these two molecules in the disease, we generated miR-155 (-/-) Pdcd1 (-/-) double knockout (DKO) mice. We found that ablation of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) expression in miR-155-deficient mice restored the susceptibility to EAE. The increased severity of the disease in DKO mice was accompanied by an enhanced T-cell infiltration into the brain as well as an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17. Furthermore, the major contribution of the DKO to EAE was T-cell intrinsic since adoptive transfer of CD4(+) T cells from DKO donors promoted the disease in lymphopenic recipients. These results define PD-1 deficiency in miR-155 (-/-) mice as a promoting factor of autoimmune inflammation by increasing antigen-driven T-cell expansion and infiltration.

Study of radioactive contamination in silts and aerosols at Aldama City, Mexico, due to the operation of a yellow-cake processing plant.

The city of Aldama, Chihuahua, Mexico is located 30 km NNE of Chihuahua city. Three high-volume collectors with PM10 heads were placed in specific locations in Aldama during the year 2011 to measure radioisotope concentrations in the air. The city area of 16 km² was divided into 64 squares of 500 × 500 m. At the vertices of the grid, silt samples were taken between January and June 2011, before the rains began. The concentrations of natural, cosmogenic, and anthropogenic radioactive isotopes were calculated in both filters and silts samples. The isotopes selected for the measurement were ²³8U, ²³²Th, (7)Be, ¹³7Cs, and 4°K. Measurements of PM10 and silts were performed during 2011, coinciding with the accident at Fukushima, Japan, on March 11. For this reason, we could see the ¹³7Cs in PM10 increase between April and July; with the arrival of the rains, the ¹³7Cs concentration began to decrease in the air. The concentration of PM10 measured by the equipment located at the Mexican Uranium plant (URAMEX, initials in Spanish) that was processing radioactive ores exceeded the standard values in February and March, when the air velocity increases. At City Hall, the concentration of PM10 surpassed the value of the standard between May and July. This increased concentration is likely due to increased automobile traffic because City Hall is located in the city center. At a private home, the concentration of PM10 surpassed the standard on several days during the year because the home is located on the outskirts of the city, where most of the streets are not paved. Due to the high concentrations of PM10, especially at the collection point located at the private home, it is necessary to start taking steps to mitigate their spread before they cause health problems in the younger population and in older adults.

Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes predict response to definitive chemoradiotherapy in head and neck cancer.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes' (TILs) expression in pretreatment specimens from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT). METHODS: The prevalence of CD3+, CD8+, CD4+ and FOXP3+ TILs was assessed using immunohistochemistry in tumour tissue obtained from 101 patients before CRT and was correlated with clinicopathological characteristics as well as local failure-free- (LFFS), distant metastases free- (DMFS), progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Survival curves were measured using the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences in survival between the groups were estimated using the log-rank test. Prognostic effects of TIL subset density were determined using the Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: With a mean follow-up of 25 months (range, 2.3-63 months), OS at 2 years was 57.4% for the entire cohort. Patients with high immunohistochemical CD3 and CD8 expression had significantly increased OS (P=0.024 and P=0.028), PFS (P=0.044 and P=0.047) and DMFS (P=0.021 and P=0.026) but not LFFS (P=0.90 and P=0.104) in multivariate analysis that included predictive clinicopathologic factors, such as age, sex, T-stage, N-stage, tumour grading and localisation. Neither CD4 nor FOXP3 expression showed significance for the clinical outcome. The lower N-stage was associated with improved OS in the multivariate analysis (P=0.049). CONCLUSION: The positive correlation between a high number of infiltrating CD3+ and CD8+ cells and clinical outcome indicates that TILs may have a beneficial role in HNSCC patients and may serve as a biomarker to identify patients likely to benefit from definitive CRT.

[Emerging parasitic diseases]. / Maladies parasitaires émergentes.

Travels, migration and circulation of goods facilitate the emergence of new infectious diseases often unrecognized outside endemic areas. Most of emerging infections are of viral origin. Muscular Sarcocystis infection, an acute illness acquired during short trips to Malaysia, and Chagas disease, a chronic illness with long incubation period found among Latin American migrants, are two very different examples of emerging parasitic diseases. The former requires a preventive approach for travelers going to Malaysia and must be brought forth when they return with fever, myalgia and eosinophilia, while the latter requires a proactive attitude to screen Latin American migrant populations that may face difficulties in accessing care.

Non-Invasive, Continuous, Quantitative Detection of Solvent Content in Vacuum Tray Drying.

A non-invasive capacitance instrument was embedded in the base of a vacuum-drying tray to monitor continuously the residual amount of solvent left in a pharmaceutical powder. Proof of concept was validated with Microcrystalline Cellulose laced with water, as well as water/acetone mixtures absorbed in a spray-dried Copovidone powder. To illustrate the role of impermeability of the base, we derive a model of vapor sorption that reveals the existence of a kinetic limit when solids are thinly spread, and a diffusion limit with greatly diminished effective diffusivity at large powder thickness. By monitoring the residual solvent content of powders, this new in situ technique offers advantages over indirect methods like mass spectrometry of vapor effluents, but without complications associated with probe fouling. To prescribe design guidelines and interpret signals, we model the electric field shed by the probe when a powder holds variable solvent mass fraction in the vertical direction.

An IgE epitope of Bet v 1 and fagales PR10 proteins as defined by a human monoclonal IgE.

BACKGROUND: Analyses of the molecular basis underlying allergenicity and allergen cross-reactivity, as well as improvement of allergy diagnostics and therapeutics, are hampered by the lack of human monoclonal IgE antibodies and knowledge about their epitopes. Here, we addressed the consecutive generation and epitope delineation of a human monoclonal IgE against the prototypic allergen Bet v 1. METHODS: Phage-display scFv hybrid libraries of allergic donor-derived VH epsilon and synthetic VL were established from 107 mononuclear cells. An obtained scFv was converted into human immunoglobulin formats including IgE. Using variants of Bet v 1, the epitope of the antibody was mapped and extrapolated to other PR10 proteins. RESULTS: The obtained antibodies exhibited pronounced reactivity with Bet v 1, but were not reactive with the homologous PR10 protein Mal d 1. The epitope as defined by the IgE paratope and a set of chimeric Bet v 1 fusion proteins and fragments could be assigned to a C-terminal helix-structured motif comprised by amino acid residues 132-154, including the critical residue E149. Grafting this motif re-established the reactivity of the per se nonreactive Mal d 1 framework. Cross-reactivities predicted by primary structure analyses of different isoforms and PR10 proteins were verified by allergen chip-based analyses. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results demonstrate that hybrid IgE repertoires represent a source for human antibodies with genuine paratopes. The IgE-derived information about the IgE epitope nature of Bet v 1 and homologues allows for detailed insights into molecular aspects of allergenicity and cross-reactivity within the PR10 protein family.

NK cell regulation of CD4 T cell-mediated graft-versus-host disease.

CD3-negative NK cells are granular lymphocytes capable of producing inflammatory cytokines and killing malignant, infected, or stressed cells. We have recently observed a new role for NK cells in the control of the proliferation of CD4 T cells under persistent antigenic stimulation. Monoclonal anti-male CD4 T cells transferred into Rag2-/- male recipients did not expand or were rapidly eliminated. Remarkably, T cells transferred into NK cell-deficient Rag2-/- Il-2Rgammac-/- male hosts expanded extensively and mediated tissue lesions usually observed in chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). T cell failure to proliferate and to induce chronic GVHD was the result of NK cell activity, because depletion of the recipient's NK1.1+ cells by Ab treatment induced T cell expansion and chronic GVHD. T cells under chronic Ag stimulation upregulated ligands of the activating receptor NKG2D, and regulatory activity of NK cells was inhibited by the injection of Abs directed to NKG2D. On the contrary, blocking NKG2A inhibitory receptors did not increase NK cell regulatory activity. Finally, we show that NK regulation of T cell expansion did not involve perforin-mediated lytic activity of NK cells, but depended on T cell surface expression of a functional Fas molecule. These results highlight the potential role played by NK cells in controlling the Ag-specific CD4+ T cells responsible for chronic GVHD.

The putative serine protease inhibitor Api m 6 from Apis mellifera venom: recombinant and structural evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated reactions to honeybee venom can cause severe anaphylaxis, sometimes with fatal consequences. Detailed knowledge of the allergic potential of all venom components is necessary to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment of allergy and to gain a better understanding of the allergological mechanisms of insect venoms. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to undertake an immunochemical and structural evaluation of the putative low-molecular-weight serine protease inhibitor Api m 6, a component of honeybee venom. METHODS: We recombinantly produced Api m 6 as a soluble protein in Escherichia coli and in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells.We also assessed specific IgE reactivity of venom-sensitized patients with 2 prokaryotically produced Api m 6 variants using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, we built a structural model ofApi m 6 and compared it with other protease inhibitor structures to gain insights into the function of Api m 6. RESULTS: In a population of 31 honeybee venom-allergic patients, 26% showed specific IgE reactivity with prokaryotically produced Api m 6, showing it to be a minor but relevant allergen. Molecular modeling of Api m 6 revealed a typical fold of canonical protease inhibitors, supporting the putative function of this venom allergen. Although Api m 6 has a highly variant surface charge, its epitope distribution appears to be similar to that of related proteins. CONCLUSION: Api m 6 is a honeybee venom component with IgE-sensitizing potential in a fraction of venom-allergic patients. Recombinant Api m 6 can help elucidate individual component-resolved reactivity profiles and increase our understanding of immune responses to low-molecular-weight allergens

[Pleural plaques: when and how to treat?]. / Pachypleurite: quand et comment investiguer?

Which course of action should be taken during the incidental finding of pleural thickening on chest X-ray? Aftereffect, without consequence, of an injury of the pleura, or potentially serious subclinical pathology? The differential diagnosis is wide, the radiograph nonspecific and the interobserver variability significant. In the absence of epidemiological studies and guidelines, the history and clinical examination remain the main factors in dictating investigations and management. Apical pleural thickening, which is nonspecific in the absence of parenchymal lesions, does not influence treatment recommendations for tuberculosis. Pleural plaques do not appear to increase the risk of cancer associated with asbestos and, thus, do not modify post-exposure follow-up. Incidental finding of pleural thickening remains a gray zone that opens the door to new studies.

[Pulmonary diseases among returning travelers]. / Pathologies pulmonaires au retour de voyage.

Respiratory tract infections are a frequent cause of travelers' health problems. Tropical diseases are relatively rare compared to common respiratory infections. Nevertheless, due to their potential gravity, they must be systematically considered. The differential diagnosis of tropical pathogens is wide. A targeted travel history taking into account specific epidemiological, geographical and behavioral risk factors helps focusing biological exams to identify the causative diagnosis. The chest radiography remains very helpful in this context; however, more specific exams, such as serologies are often necessary to reach a final diagnosis.

Quality by design approach for green HPLC method development for simultaneous analysis of two thalassemia drugs in biological fluid with pharmacokinetic study.

This work implements a combined experimental approach of analytical quality-by-design (AQbD) and green analytical chemistry (GAC) to develop an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of the two thalassemia drugs, deferasirox (DFX) and deferiprone (DFP), in biological fluid for the first time. This integration was designed to maximize efficiency and minimize environmental impacts, as well as energy and solvent consumption. To accomplish this goal, an analytical quality-by-design approach was performed, beginning with quality risk assessment and scouting analysis, followed by Placket-Burman design screening for five chromatographic parameters. Critical method parameters were thoroughly recognized and then optimized by using a two levels-three factors custom experimental design to evaluate the optimum conditions that achieved the highest resolution with acceptable peak symmetry within the shortest run time. The desirability function was used to define the optimal chromatographic conditions, and the optimal separation was achieved using an XBridge® HPLC RP-C18 (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm) column with ethanol : acidic water at pH 3.0 adjusted by phosphoric acid in the ratio of (70 : 30, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL min-1 with UV detection at 225 nm at a temperature of 25 °C. Linearity was obtained over the concentration range of 0.30-20.00 µg mL-1 and 0.20-20.00 µg mL-1 for DFX and DFP, respectively, using 20.00 µg mL-1 ibuprofen (IBF) as an internal standard. The established method's greenness profile was evaluated and measured using various assessment tools, and the developed method was green. For the validation of the developed method, FDA recommendations were followed, and all the results obtained met the acceptance criteria. The suggested method was successfully used to study the pharmacokinetic parameters of DFX and DFP in rat plasma. Due to the substantial increase in bioavailability of the two iron chelating drugs, the results from this study strongly recommend their co-administration.

Comparative Chemometric Manipulations of UV-Spectrophotometric Data for the Efficient Resolution and Determination of Overlapping Signals of Cyclizine and Its Impurities in Its Pharmaceutical Preparations.

BACKGROUND: Cyclizine (CYZ), a commonly used antiemetic drug, has two pharmacopeial toxic impurities, 1-methylpiperazine (MPZ) and diphenylmethanol (DPM). When CYZ parenteral formulations are administered intravenously, both impurities are poisonous, toxic, and harmful to the human body. OBJECTIVE: Cyclizine was determined along with its hazardous impurities MPZ and DPM by green multivariate calibration using UV-spectroscopic data. METHODS: Three multivariate algorithms were used to resolve and quantify overlapped spectral signals: principal component regression (PCR), partial least squares (PLS), and synergistic intervals partial least squares (siPLS). A concentration set containing 16 distinct combinations of CYZ, MPZ, and DPM was randomly prepared, and the absorbance values of the concentration set were determined using the 376 point-wavelength set with an interval of 0.2 nm between 200 and 275 nm. RESULTS: Good linear correlations were established for CYZ, MPZ, and DPM in the concentration ranges of 5.00-25.0, 0.50-2.50, and 0.50-2.50 µg/mL, respectively. The ideal spectral range and associated combinations were chosen based on the lowest root mean error of prediction (RMSEP) and correlation coefficient values (r). The siPLS approach performed better than the PCR and PLS models. The combination of four subintervals, 1, 3, 4, and 7, demonstrated the greatest effect, with RMSEP values of 0.0272, 0.0053, and 0.0315 for CYZ, MPZ, and DPM, respectively, and correlation coefficients of 0.9991, 0.9999, and 0.9997, in order. Various assessment tools were used to evaluate and measure the greenness profile of the established methods. The proposed methods were validated using internal and external validation sets. CONCLUSIONS: The three methods were effectively used to determine CYZ in its pure form and parenteral formulations, as well as its toxic impurities. The acquired results were compared statistically to those obtained using the reported HPLC method. HIGHLIGHTS: Cyclizine and its toxic impurities can be determined spectrophotometrically by using the three developed chemometric models.

Nanoparticle-enhanced in-line potentiometric ion sensor for point-of-care diagnostics for tropicamide abuse in biological fluid.

Point of care (POC), also identified as on-site testing, has evolved as a rapid and accurate technique for drug of abuse screening and analysis. The aim of this work is to detect tropicamide (TPC) abuse in biological fluids; we selected rat plasma as example. We developed a disposal miniaturized, portable, green, and budget-friendly POC solid-state electrochemical sensor based on potentiometric transduction. To attain that, an innovative microfabricated electrode modified with conducting polymer poly(3-octylthiophene) (POT) has been placed on sensitized printed circuit board (PCB). A two-stage optimization process was implemented to develop the fabricated electrode. The first stage of the optimization process depends on screening various ionophores in order to enhance the sensor selectivity towards tropicamide. Copper nanoparticles exhibited the highest selectivity towards TPC. The second stage was utilizing a polymer as an ion-to-electron transducer layer between the copper nanoparticles impregnated ion sensing membrane and the microfabricated solid-contact ion-selective electrode. This polymer was added to boost the stability of the potential drift (1.2 mV/h) due to the hydrophobic behavior of the POT, which precludes the formation of an aqueous layer at the Cu electrode/polymeric membrane interface and improve the limit of detection (1.1 × 10-8 M). Nernstian potentiometric response was accomplished for TPC with a slope of 58.46 ± 0.43 mV/decade and E0 ∼ 189.39 ± 2.12 over the concentration range 1.0 × 10-7 to 1.0 × 10-2 M. The suggested sensor's intrinsic figure of merits include a quick response time (13 ± 2 s) and long life time (45 days). The proposed sensor has been successfully employed in the selective determination of TPC in pharmaceutical formulations, and biological fluids. When the results were compared to those of the official approach, there was no statistically significant difference. The Eco-Scale tool assessed and measured the greenness profile of the established method.