RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the additional diagnostic performance of a rapid serological test for detection of IgM and IgG antibodies compared to the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test; for detection of SARS-CoV-2. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out including patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in 3 hospitals, health workers exposed to the infection and outpatients who met suspicious case criteria, all of which underwent the molecular test (RT-PCR) and the rapid serological test. The additional diagnostic performance of rapid serological test was evaluated in comparison to molecular tests. Likewise, an approximation was made to the sensitivity and specificity of the rapid serological test. RESULTS: 144 people were included. With the rapid test, 19.4% of positive results were obtained compared to 11.1% in the molecular test (p = 0.03). The rapid serological test detected 21 cases that had been negative by the initial (RT-PCR), providing an additional diagnostic performance of 56.8% compared to the RT-PCR. The additional diagnostic performance was 50.0% during the first week, 70.0% during the second week and 50.0% during the third week of symptom onset. The sensitivity of the rapid serological test was 43.8% and the specificity of 98.9%. CONCLUSIONS: The rapid serological test was able to detect a greater number of cases than those detected by the molecular test especially after the second week of onset of symptoms. It also showed high specificity. It is therefore useful as a complementary test to RT-PCR, especially during the second and third week of illness.
OBJETIVOS: Determinar el rendimiento diagnóstico adicional de una prueba serológica rápida que detecta anticuerpos IgM e IgG contra SARS-CoV-2 en relación a la reacción en cadena de polimerasa reversa en tiempo real (RT-PCR). MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal incluyendo pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 en tres hospitales, trabajadores de salud expuestos a la infección y pacientes ambulatorios que cumplían criterios de caso sospechoso, a quienes se les realizó la prueba molecular (RT-PCR) y la prueba serológica rápida. Se evaluó el rendimiento diagnóstico adicional de las prueba serológica rápida en relación a la molecular. Asimismo, se realizó la estimación de sensibilidad y especificidad de dichas pruebas. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 144 personas. La prueba serológica rápida obtuvo un 19,4% de resultados positivos en comparación con un 11,1% en la prueba molecular (p=0,03). La prueba serológica rápida detectó 21 casos que habían resultado negativos por el RT-PCR inicial y el rendimiento diagnóstico adicional fue de 56,8% en comparación al RT-PCR. El rendimiento diagnóstico adicional fue 50,0% durante la primera semana, 70,0% durante la segunda y 50,0% durante la tercera semana de inicio de síntomas. La sensibilidad de la prueba serológica rápida fue de 43,8% y la especificidad del 98,9%. CONCLUSIONES: La prueba serológica rápida logró detectar un mayor número de casos respecto a la molecular, sobre todo a partir de la segunda semana de inicio de síntomas. Además, presentó una alta especificidad. Los resultados mostrarían su utilidad como prueba complementaria a la prueba molecular, especialmente durante la segunda y tercera semana de enfermedad.
Assuntos
Betacoronavirus/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Adulto , COVID-19 , Teste para COVID-19 , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/imunologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/imunologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , SARS-CoV-2 , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Testes Sorológicos/métodosRESUMO
Most regulatory agencies conduct clinical trial (CT) site inspections, but the experiences and behaviors of research subjects and their knowledge of the rights and obligations that ensue from participating in a CT are seldom explored. The authors assessed the technical feasibility of incorporating interviews with participants in CT inspections. This article analyzes the responses of 13 CT participants, 14% ( n = 96) of those included in three tuberculosis (TB) CTs. Participants did not object to being interviewed and provided information not obtained during regular inspections. Participants were appreciative of the agency's concern for the integrity of the CT process. Most interviewees did not understand the consent form and were unaware that they were participating in an experiment with unapproved new drugs. Participants' decision to enroll in CT related to undue inducement and therapeutic misconception. Some patients' behaviors, undisclosed to researchers, could have compromised the integrity of the data collected.
Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica/ética , Compreensão , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido , Motivação , Seleção de Pacientes/ética , Sujeitos da Pesquisa , Adulto , Conscientização , Comunicação , Termos de Consentimento , Tomada de Decisões , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Peru , Recompensa , Mal-Entendido Terapêutico , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The varied, abrupt and amazing geography of the land of Peru is home of one of the major concentrations of indigenous peoples in the world. The asymmetry of power, however, in their relationship with the rest of society and the State is still very evident in their social exclusion, their gap in social and economic development, barriers in their access to health services as well as their marginalization and exploitation as subjects of health research. In this paper, we analyse two cases of research on indigenous populations in Peru, discuss them from the point of view of bioethics and reflect on important issues for researchers, research participants and the society, such as the need to respect different cultures, the need that the research being done is relevant to the needs of the population in which it is conducted and the necessity to empower indigenous communities in participatory research, to strengthen the institutions and to protect human rights, namely through ethics committees for research and the free, informed and meaningful informed consent. This approach should foster quality research, while at the same time fully respecting human rights and bioethics. We cannot forget that advancements in genetics, throughout the world, are very much in debt to indigenous populations.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Imunoglobulina G , Anticorpos Antivirais , Humanos , Imunoglobulina M , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2Assuntos
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Humanos , Pandemias , PeruRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivos: Determinar el rendimiento diagnóstico adicional de una prueba serológica rápida que detecta anticuerpos IgM e IgG contra SARS-CoV-2 en relación a la reacción en cadena de polimerasa reversa en tiempo real (RT-PCR). Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal incluyendo pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 en tres hospitales, trabajadores de salud expuestos a la infección y pacientes ambulatorios que cumplían criterios de caso sospechoso, a quienes se les realizó la prueba molecular (RT-PCR) y la prueba serológica rápida. Se evaluó el rendimiento diagnóstico adicional de las prueba serológica rápida en relación a la molecular. Asimismo, se realizó la estimación de sensibilidad y especificidad de dichas pruebas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 144 personas. La prueba serológica rápida obtuvo un 19,4% de resultados positivos en comparación con un 11,1% en la prueba molecular (p=0,03). La prueba serológica rápida detectó 21 casos que habían resultado negativos por el RT-PCR inicial y el rendimiento diagnóstico adicional fue de 56,8% en comparación al RT-PCR. El rendimiento diagnóstico adicional fue 50,0% durante la primera semana, 70,0% durante la segunda y 50,0% durante la tercera semana de inicio de síntomas. La sensibilidad de la prueba serológica rápida fue de 43,8% y la especificidad del 98,9%. Conclusiones: La prueba serológica rápida logró detectar un mayor número de casos respecto a la molecular, sobre todo a partir de la segunda semana de inicio de síntomas. Además, presentó una alta especificidad. Los resultados mostrarían su utilidad como prueba complementaria a la prueba molecular, especialmente durante la segunda y tercera semana de enfermedad.
ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the additional diagnostic performance of a rapid serological test for detection of IgM and IgG antibodies compared to the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test; for detection of SARS-CoV-2. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out including patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in 3 hospitals, health workers exposed to the infection and outpatients who met suspicious case criteria, all of which underwent the molecular test (RT-PCR) and the rapid serological test. The additional diagnostic performance of rapid serological test was evaluated in comparison to molecular tests. Likewise, an approximation was made to the sensitivity and specificity of the rapid serological test. Results: 144 people were included. With the rapid test, 19.4% of positive results were obtained compared to 11.1% in the molecular test (p = 0.03). The rapid serological test detected 21 cases that had been negative by the initial (RT-PCR), providing an additional diagnostic performance of 56.8% compared to the RT-PCR. The additional diagnostic performance was 50.0% during the first week, 70.0% during the second week and 50.0% during the third week of symptom onset. The sensitivity of the rapid serological test was 43.8% and the specificity of 98.9%. Conclusions: The rapid serological test was able to detect a greater number of cases than those detected by the molecular test especially after the second week of onset of symptoms. It also showed high specificity. It is therefore useful as a complementary test to RT-PCR, especially during the second and third week of illness.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Imunoglobulina G , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Betacoronavirus/isolamento & purificação , SARS-CoV-2 , Anticorpos , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Pneumonia Viral/imunologia , Testes Sorológicos/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Infecções por Coronavirus/imunologia , Pandemias , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Teste para COVID-19 , COVID-19RESUMO
This article sheds the light on historical review of the clinical trials regulatory process to the publication of the Clinical Trials Regulation in Peru, by Supreme Decree 017-2006-SA. In this context, that Regulation was amended within one year, with many critics including from the Ombudsman. It also considers the achievements as a regulatory authority that has strengthened its steering and its main objective of protecting the rights, safety and welfare of human subjects in clinical trials. Those achievements are: the internal register of clinical trials, strengthening inspections on all stakeholders that take part in research, the Notification System of Serious Adverse Events (REAS-NET), the publication of the Guideline: "Ethical, Legal and methodology in clinical trials for use of the Ethical Review Board" which won an international award; the 1st prize in the category of fizcalization and accomplishment of the law by the Good Practice of Public Management: "Protecting the rights of human subjects in experimental studies", the publication of the new Manual of Procedures for Clinical Trials and the implementation Plan of the National Bioethics Network in Peru.
Assuntos
Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/legislação & jurisprudência , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/normas , Governo , Humanos , Direitos do Paciente , Peru , Papel (figurativo)RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify main characteristics of clinical trials (CT) authorized by the National Institute of Health (INS) of Peru from 1995 to August 2012. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study, which reviewed all records of CT submitted for review and possible approval by INS, whose data are part of the Peruvian Registry of Clinical Trials. We performed a descriptive analysis of the states of the CT approval and other characteristics. RESULTS: 1475 clinical trials were assessed, of which 1255 (85.1%) were authorized. From 1 clinical trial officially registered in 1995, its quantity increased to 176 trials submitted in 2008, and then, declined to 128 in 2011. Among the approved CT, 64.1% was in Phase III. Oncology (22.4%), infectious diseases (15.5%) and endocrinology (12.7%) were the most studied specialties and a only 1.2% were for neglected tropical diseases. The oral hypoglycemic drugs, systemic antiviral and antineoplastic agents were the most studied investigational products. The transnational pharmaceutical industry was the main sponsor (87.1%) and executors (62.3%) of clinical trials were mostly in Lima. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical trials in Peru mainly focus on noncommunicable diseases and phase III studies. The pharmaceutical industry is the main sponsor. A very small number of authorized clinical trials in Peru were for neglected tropical diseases that shows little attention to the health problems in vulnerable populations.
Assuntos
Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Peru , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The development of scientific health research requires a sustained and articulated research system that is consistent with the research priorities, as well as both internal and external funding, and availability of competent human resources. The Mining Canon, a constitutional right, has been partly used to foster applied scientific research in public universities (PU). In addition, the National Health Institute (INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD - INS) is devoted, among others, to promoting, managing and disseminating health research development at a national level. As part of these activities, a technical team was created to provide technical assistance to PU for research development using Mining Canon funds by making local adjustments to research protocols promoted by the INS and assumed by the professors-researchers at the Universities. This article aims at describing the reality of research at Peruvian public universities that have access to Mining Canon funds, as well as to elaborate on the work the INS is carrying out in order to strengthen research capabilities, starting with the development of research proposals that could potentially be funded by the Mining Canon.
Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica/normas , Universidades , Humanos , Mineração , Peru , Setor PúblicoRESUMO
We performed a review of the constitution processes and functions of national commissions on health research ethics in Latin America and Europe countries, which are characterized by its relation with the legislation and governmental structures in health sector, but, especially, in almost totality of cases for being linked by the functioning of the Research Ethics Committees. On the basis of this review there are realized an initial balance sheet and perspectives of the conformation of a National Commission on Health Research Ethics in Peru.
Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica/ética , Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa/legislação & jurisprudência , Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa/organização & administração , PeruRESUMO
El artículo hace una revisión histórica del proceso regulatorio de ensayos clínicos hasta llegar a la publicación del Reglamento de ensayos clínicos en el Perú, mediante Decreto Supremo 017-2006-SA. En menos de un año se modificó parte del Reglamento, teniendo muchas críticas entre ellas las de la Defensoría del Pueblo. Por otra parte, se hace un recuento de los logros como autoridad reguladora que han fortalecido su rol rector y su principal objetivo de protección de los derechos, seguridad y bienestar de los participantes en ensayos clínicos. Estos logros son los siguientes: el registro interno de ensayos clínicos, fortalecimiento de las inspecciones a todos los actores de la investigación, el sistema de notificación de eventos adversos serios (REAS-NET), la publicación de la Guía de aspectos éticos, legales y metodológicos de los ensayos clínicos para su uso por los comités de ética, que mereció un premio internacional, el primer puesto en la categoría de Fiscalización y cumplimiento de la ley, por la buena práctica de gestión pública: Protegiendo los derechos de las personas participantes en estudios experimentales, la publicación del nuevo Manual de procedimientos de ensayos clínicos y el Plan de implementación de la Red Nacional de Bioética en el Perú.
This article sheds the light on historical review of the clinical trials regulatory process to the publication of the Clinical Trials Regulation in Peru, by Supreme Decree 017-2006-SA. In this context, that Regulation was amended within one year, with many critics including from the Ombudsman. It also considers the achievements as a regulatory authority that has strengthened its steering and its main objective of protecting the rights, safety and welfare of human subjects in clinical trials. Those achievements are: the internal register of clinical trials, strengthening inspections on all stakeholders that take part in research, the Notification System of Serious Adverse Events (REAS-NET), the publication of the Guideline: Ethical, Legal and methodology in clinical trials for use of the Ethical Review Board which won an international award; the 1st prize in the category of fizcalization and accomplishment of the law by the Good Practice of Public Management: Protecting the rights of human subjects in experimental studies, the publication of the new Manual of Procedures for Clinical Trials and the implementation Plan of the National Bioethics Network in Peru.
Assuntos
Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/legislação & jurisprudência , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/normas , Governo , Direitos do Paciente , Peru , Papel (figurativo)RESUMO
Objetivos. Describir las principales características de los ensayos clínicos (EC) autorizados en el Perú desde 1995 a agosto de 2012. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal, en el que se revisaron todos los expedientes de protocolos de EC presentados para su evaluación y posible aprobación al INS, cuyos datos forman parte del Registro Peruano de EC. Se realizó el análisis descriptivo de los estados de aprobación de los EC, fase de estudio, especialidad, y otras características afines a ellos. Resultados. Se encontraron 1475 EC, de los cuales 1255 (85,1%) fueron autorizados. De un EC registrado el año 1995 se incrementó a 176 ensayos presentados en el 2008, disminuyendo en el 2011 a 128 ensayos. Entre los EC aprobados, el 64,1% corresponden a EC en fase III. Oncología (22,4%), Infectología (15,5%) y Endocrinología (12,7%) fueron las especialidades más estudiadas y solo el 1.19%, corresponde a enfermedades tropicales desatendidas. Los hipoglicemiantes orales, antivirales de uso sistémico y antineoplásico fueron los medicamentos más estudiados. La industria farmacéutica transnacional fue el principal patrocinador (87,1%) y ejecutor de ensayos clínicos (62,3%) los cuales se realizan mayormente en Lima. Conclusiones. Los ensayos clínicos que se realizan en el país son principalmente en enfermedades no transmisibles y son estudios en fase III. La industria farmacéutica constituye el principal patrocinador. Solo el 1.2%, corresponde a enfermedades tropicales desatendidas, lo cual muestra la poca atención a los problemas de salud de poblaciones en situaciones de vulnerabilidad.
Objective. To identify main characteristics of clinical trials (CT) authorized by the National Institute of Health (INS) of Peru from 1995 to August 2012. Material and methods. Cross-sectional study, which reviewed all records of CT submitted for review and possible approval by INS, whose data are part of the Peruvian Registry of Clinical Trials. We performed a descriptive analysis of the states of the CT approval and other characteristics. Results. 1475 clinical trials were assessed, of which 1255 (85.1%) were authorized. From 1 clinical trial officially registered in 1995, its quantity increased to 176 trials submitted in 2008, and then, declined to 128 in 2011. Among the approved CT, 64.1% was in Phase III. Oncology (22.4%), infectious diseases (15.5%) and endocrinology (12.7%) were the most studied specialties and a only 1.2% were for neglected tropical diseases. The oral hypoglycemic drugs, systemic antiviral and antineoplastic agents were the most studied investigational products. The transnational pharmaceutical industry was the main sponsor (87.1%) and executors (62.3%) of clinical trials were mostly in Lima. Conclusions. Clinical trials in Peru mainly focus on noncommunicable diseases and phase III studies. The pharmaceutical industry is the main sponsor. A very small number of authorized clinical trials in Peru were for neglected tropical diseases that shows little attention to the health problems in vulnerable populations.
Assuntos
Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Peru , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
El desarrollo de investigación científica en salud requiere de un sistema de investigación sostenido, articulado y coherente con las prioridades de investigación; este sistema de investigación implica la existencia de financiamiento tanto interno como externo, y de disponer recursos humanos competentes. El canon minero es un derecho constitucional, parte de él ha sido destinado para el desarrollo de investigación científica y aplicada por las universidades públicas (UP). El Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS) tiene entre sus funciones promover, gestionar y difundir el desarrollo de investigación en salud a nivel nacional. Como parte de estas funciones se conformó un equipo técnico para brindar asesoría técnica a las UP para el desarrollo de investigación con fondos del canon minero, mediante la adecuación local de protocolos de investigación promovidos por el INS y asumidos por los docentes-investigadores de la universidad. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo describir la realidad de investigación de las UP peruanas que cuentan con fondos del canon minero, y presentar la intervención que el INS viene realizando para fortalecer las capacidades de investigación, iniciando con desarrollar propuestas de investigación que potencialmente puedan obtener financiamiento de parte del canon. (AU)
The development of scientific health research requires a sustained and articulated research system that is consistent with the research priorities, as well as both internal and external funding, and availability of competent human resources. The Mining Canon, a constitutional right, has been partly used to foster applied scientific research in public universities (PU). In addition, the National Health Institute (INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD - INS) is devoted, among others, to promoting, managing and disseminating health research development at a national level. As part of these activities, a technical team was created to provide technical assistance to PU for research development using Mining Canon funds by making local adjustments to research protocols promoted by the INS and assumed by the professors-researchers at the Universities. This article aims at describing the reality of research at Peruvian public universities that have access to Mining Canon funds, as well as to elaborate on the work the INS is carrying out in order to strengthen research capabilities, starting with the development of research proposals that could potentially be funded by the Mining Canon. (AU)
Assuntos
Financiamento da Pesquisa , Universidades , Mineração , PeruRESUMO
El desarrollo de investigación científica en salud requiere de un sistema de investigación sostenido, articulado y coherente con las prioridades de investigación; este sistema de investigación implica la existencia de financiamiento tanto interno como externo, y de disponer recursos humanos competentes. El canon minero es un derecho constitucional, parte de él ha sido destinado para el desarrollo de investigación científica y aplicada por las universidades públicas (UP). El Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS) tiene entre sus funciones promover, gestionar y difundir el desarrollo de investigación en salud a nivel nacional. Como parte de estas funciones se conformó un equipo técnico para brindar asesoría técnica a las UP para el desarrollo de investigación con fondos del canon minero, mediante la adecuación local de protocolos de investigación promovidos por el INS y asumidos por los docentes-investigadores de la universidad. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo describir la realidad de investigación de las UP peruanas que cuentan con fondos del canon minero, y presentar la intervención que el INS viene realizando para fortalecer las capacidades de investigación, iniciando con desarrollar propuestas de investigación que potencialmente puedan obtener financiamiento de parte del canon.
The development of scientific health research requires a sustained and articulated research system that is consistent with the research priorities, as well as both internal and external funding, and availability of competent human resources. The Mining Canon, a constitutional right, has been partly used to foster applied scientific research in public universities (PU). In addition, the National Health Institute (INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD - INS) is devoted, among others, to promoting, managing and disseminating health research development at a national level. As part of these activities, a technical team was created to provide technical assistance to PU for research development using Mining Canon funds by making local adjustments to research protocols promoted by the INS and assumed by the professors-researchers at the Universities. This article aims at describing the reality of research at Peruvian public universities that have access to Mining Canon funds, as well as to elaborate on the work the INS is carrying out in order to strengthen research capabilities, starting with the development of research proposals that could potentially be funded by the Mining Canon.
Assuntos
Humanos , Pesquisa Biomédica/normas , Universidades , Mineração , Peru , Setor PúblicoRESUMO
Se realizó una revisión de los procesos de constitución y funciones de instancias nacionales de la ética de la investigación en salud en países de Latinoamérica y Europa, que se caracterizan por su relación con la legislación y estructuras gubernamentales del ámbito de la salud, pero, sobre todo, por estar vinculados en casi la totalidad de casos con el funcionamiento de los Comités de Ética en Investigación. Sobre la base de dicha revisión se efectúa un balance primicial y perspectivas de la conformación de una Comisión Nacional de Ética de la Investigación en Salud en el Perú.
We performed a review of the constitution processes and functions of national commissions on health research ethics in Latin America and Europe countries, which are characterized by its relation with the legislation and governmental structures in health sector, but, especially, in almost totality of cases for being linked by the functioning of the Research Ethics Committees. On the basis of this review there are realized an initial balance sheet and perspectives of the conformation of a National Commission on Health Research Ethics in Peru.
Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica , Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa/legislação & jurisprudência , Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa/organização & administração , PeruRESUMO
La verruga vulgar es una enfermedad viral frecuente en los niños de Huancayo, se observó que desde hace tiempo en forma empírica los habitantes curaban las verrugas con la hemolinfa del insecto Epicauta sp. Se realizó el estudio en niños con verruga en las manos entre 5 y 12 años de edad; 36 fueron varones y 24 mujeres. Los niños en forma aleatoria fueron asignados en dos grupos de tratamiento, uno con nitrógeno líquido (n=30) y el otro con hemolinfa del Epicauta sp (n=30). Se realizó tres aplicaciones, una cada semana y se evaluó los resultados al mes de iniciado el tratamiento. En el grupo tratado con nitrógeno líquido ocho niños abandonaron el tratamiento por dolor. En el grupo tratado con hemolinfa Epicauta. 18 presentaron formación de ampollas, cuatro eritema y sólo dos abandonaron el tratamiento por presentar dermatitis de contacto, Nuestro objetivo fue comparar la efectividad del uso de hemolinfa del insecto Epicauta sp. con el uso de nitrógeno líquido en el tratamiento de las verrugas vulgares en niños. Del total de pacientes que se trató con nitrógeno líquido, 18 pacientes (82 por ciento) fueron curados y cuatro no respondieron; de los tratados con hemolinfa de epicauta sp. 23 pacientes (82 por ciento) fueron curados y cinco no respondieron.