[Modern problems of plasma donation services: global experience in solving them].

As an analysis of foreign literature on donation has shown, the global market for therapy with drugs from human plasma is growing, which leads to the need for large volumes. With significant geographic imbalances in the global plasma supply and the dependence of most countries on plasma supplies from the United States, the most vulnerable are low- and middle-income countries, where the challenge of meeting the demand for plasma products requires improvements to regional plasma donation systems. An effective tool for the development of plasma collection services is compliance with the standards of plasma donation services, the development of voluntary free plasma donation, and the optimization of donor recruitment and retention processes.

[The professional burnout of medical workers and its determining factors].

The study was carried out using survey technique applied to sampling of workers of the first three polyclinics of Moscow. The method was based on international questionnaire Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) that permitted to consider characteristics of activity of medical professionals. The analysis of results of study demonstrated that overall prevalence of burnout among doctors is 17%,among nursing personnel - 21%, among non-medical personnel - 19%. The average age of workers with professional burnout is 34-49 years. Among workers with burnout more than half of them had higher education and 30% had specialized secondary education. The workers consider as main factors of professional burnout necessity to spend most of working time at the computer (up to 92%), unrealistic expectations of patients from received medical care (up to 88%), deficiency of time for reception of patients and personal life. The majority of employees had an average (35%) and low (43%) level of reduction in personal achievements that testifies well-being of work environment. The conclusion is made that in polyclinic section of Moscow health care there are no serious conflicts in collectives and existing conflicts are within limits of working relationships.

[The possibilities and advantages of conducting multicenter clinical trials on the basis of outpatient clinics in Moscow].

The article presents the special role of the outpatient unit (urban polyclinics) in the system of urban medical organizations, which has significant development potential in the field of clinical research. This activity became possible due to the systematic work on equipping outpatient clinics with the most modern diagnostic equipment, the availability of specialists trained in the organization and conduct of clinical trials according to the international rules of good clinical practice. A special value lies in the fact that the polyclinic network has an extensive database that includes millions of patients and provides the opportunity to perform the highest level of medical expertise and research.

[Comprehensive analysis of population mortality by cause: regional features].

Chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) are the main most common causes of death both in the Russian Federation and in the Republic of Tatarstan. Thus, in the traditional structure of mortality in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2022, a "classical triad" is defined: diseases of the circulatory system are in first place (46% of all deaths), neoplasms are in second place (15%), and external causes are in third place. (7.3%). As throughout the world, during the coronavirus infection there was an increase in population mortality from all causes, mainly from diseases of the circulatory system (hereinafter referred to as CVD), as well as directly from coronavirus infection, which is the cause of almost every fifth death in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2021. The peak of coronavirus infection reduced the average age of death from cardiovascular causes by 4.5 years in men and by 4 years in women. It was revealed that in the Republic of Tatarstan the probability of death from diseases of the circulatory system and endocrine system in women is higher than in men; In men, on the contrary, there is a higher probability of death from respiratory diseases, cancer and external causes.

[A healthy lifestyle of students is a resource for preserving the health of the working-age population in the near future].

The issues of acceptance and support of a healthy lifestyle by various social and age groups of the population, especially among the younger generation and youth, through the pursuit of physical, mental and social well-being remain relevant. Educational organizations, including universities, are important actors in this direction, since their students will soon become leaders in society, decision makers, as well as parents of tomorrow. According to scientists, a weak attitude towards sports, lack of time for physical education lead to a vicious circle of focusing on intellectual education, high knowledge scores, low physical abilities and physical fitness. It is emphasized that universities should have organizational systems for managing educational materials, teaching staff, as well as technologies to improve learning processes through a technology platform. Universities are strategic places to launch a wellness campaign and «have conversations¼ about healthy lifestyles and sustainable development.

[The factors determining motivation of blood plasma donorship, including conditions of COVID-19 pandemic].

The article analyzes publications considering motivation of plasma donors by factors related to ethical and socio-economic aspects. Their detailed analysis and systematical consideration in the work contributes into more effective informing of new potential donors, improving recruitment and retention of donors. The detailed analysis established among causes of negative beliefs and negative experiences regarding donorship such factors as increased risk of infectious diseases, decreased vitality, vaso-vagal reactions and reduced iron content. It is demonstrated that experienced plasma donors try to maintain practice of donorship in conditions of intensive life activity, often applying flexible approach to frequency of plasma donation. Their knowledge about contribution that their donation makes is key factor in continuing donation. However, the COVID-19 pandemic developed additional obstacles to donorship due to state preventive measures and increased personal health risks. In order to develop donorship policy during pandemic in the future, it is important to study changes in motivation of donors during pandemic.

[The Eurasian strategy of production of organic foodstuffs from position of economic sustainability and population health support: The publications review].

The article presents information reflecting current consideration of strategy of food production from position of of economic sustainability, ensuring population health through compliance of principles of food safety, accessibility and quality improvement. The organic food industry with systems of production, processing, distribution and retailing develops since the 1940s and has huge impact on strategies of food consumption by population, especially in high-income countries. The priorities, goals and objectives of development of organic production in the Russian Federation are targeted to ensure favorable state of environment and preservation of human health.

[To assess the effectiveness of treatment methods for patients of different age groups with basal cell cancer of the skin of the nose and ears].

The relevance of the problems of diagnosis and treatment of skin cancer is currently determined not only by the high incidence rate, but by the existing difficulties in differential diagnosis and treatment with traditional methods. For localizations of basal cell skin cancer (BCSC) that are "inconvenient" for treatment, such as the external auditory canal, auricle, and wing of the nose, treatment is associated with certain difficulties and the possible appearance of a cosmetic defect, therefore, when choosing a treatment method, the anatomical features of these organs are taken into account. It has been determined that the effectiveness of treatment for primary BCSC of the nose and auricles is higher than recurrent one, and among the various treatment methods, the most effective and radical is the surgical method. The immediate results of treatment of BCSC in the form of PR by surgical method were 86.7%, which is statistically significant compared with other types of treatment (p < 0.05). Long-term treatment results with the surgical method are also higher (77%) compared to other methods, which is also statistically significant (p < 0.05).

[The analysis of age dynamics of causes of mortality of population of elderly age groups as reserve of maintaining population of older able-bodied age].

The article analyzes age dynamics of initial causes of death according to records in medical death certificates of population of older age groups. Materials and methods. The records of causes of death of 34.914 persons aged 60 years and older were used as primary source of information. The initial cause of death was determined according to the ICD-10 rules. The rate of registration by reason of death was calculated as intensive value per 100 deaths in concrete age and sex group. Each cause was coded according to the ICD-10 rules (revision 2014-2016). The belonging to group was determined by first character (letter) in four-digit code that corresponded to the Class. On the basis of analysis of structure of causes of death, the group A of causes that included five Classes of ICD-10, determined 81.4% of all deaths in population aged 60 years and older. Two Classes: "Diseases of the circulatory system" (Class IX) and "Neoplasms" (Class II) determine in all studied age groups more than a half of all deaths (from 55% to 71% of males and from 59% to 67% in females) and namely they determine mortality rate in older age groups. There are no gender differences in age characteristics of registration rate in these groups (p > 0.05), however age dynamics differ. In case of diseases of circulatory system initial cause of death is increase rate of registration at increasing of age. In case of neoplasms at increasing of age decrease of registration rate as initial cause of death is established. At that, rate of decline is higher than rate of increase that determines certain decrease of structural significance of combined contribution of these two groups of causes at increasing of age. The Group B of causes, including three Classes of ICD-10 "Respiratory diseases" (Class X), "Diseases of the digestive system" (Class XI) and "Diseases of the nervous system" (Class VI), determined in overall 11.9% of all deaths in population aged 60 years and older. The age dynamics of causes of death of population of older age groups exists for certain groups of causes and it should be considered in organizing medical care of population of older age groups.

[Organization of the work of the «Healthy Moscow¼ pavilions in order to conduct preventive examinations of the adult population in park areas, squares and recreation areas of the city of Moscow].

In modern conditions of global threats caused by infectious risks, the importance of programs and preventive examinations of the working-age population is increasing, which make it possible to identify groups of people at increased risk in the formation of health disorders, and to obtain objective data on the dynamics of morbidity and mortality of the population, to conduct long-term monitoring. The uniqueness of this project lies in the fact that it is based on a patient-centered approach that involves the individualization of the patient's diagnosis, professional counseling about risk factors and a healthy lifestyle, accompanying the patient until the completion of the examination, diagnosis and treatment. The organization of preventive examinations of the population within the framework of the Healthy Moscow program was the result of coordinated work and the realization of the professional potential of various services in the healthcare system, education, science and public administration. The successful experience of implementing the Healthy Moscow program can be scaled up to other cities and regions of Russia, which will contribute to the development of the country's healthcare system and improve the quality of life.

[Organization of children's otorhinolaryngological care in conditions of biological risks: international experience].

The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred the introduction of new devices and technologies into the organization of otorhinolaryngological care, the development of safety measures and clinical work protocols in order to increase the safety of doctors and patients. Virtual outpatient clinics have been integrated into the pediatric and basic outpatient services, the potential of which for pediatric otolaryngology is considered quite significant. In otorhinolaryngological practice, the transition to the expanded use of telemedicine technologies (individual gadgets for examining ENT patients, including a direct access otoscope connected to an otolaryngologist's computer) was especially significant. The practice of pediatric ENT services tends to combine virtual and face-to-face visits, even after the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. When organizing otorhinolaryngological care, it is necessary to pay special attention to dialogic consensus - an inclusive and reflective dialogue between a doctor and a patient.

[Comparative aspect of normative (reference) values of indicators of length and weight of children living in the region of the Far North (part 1 - body length indicators)].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: to analyze the differences in the normative (reference) values of the body length indicators of children and adolescents living in four ecological and geographical zones of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Statistical data processing was carried out on 24,123 schoolchildren who do not have chronic diseases belonging to health groups I and II. Statistical, analytical, mathematical and sociological methods were used. RESULTS: Among boys, the highest level of statistically significant differences in body length was observed in the age groups of 12, 13 and 15-17 years, among girls - in the age groups of 13, 14 and 16 years. Higher reference values of body length indicators for boys and girls living in the industrial regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), lower - for those living in the Arctic zone of the Far North and rural areas of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), where the population is represented mainly by the indigenous peoples of the Far North.

[Comparative aspect of normative (reference) values of indicators of length and weight of children living in the region of the Far North. Part 2. Body weight indicators].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: to analyze the differences in the normative (reference) values of the body weight indicators of children and adolescents living in four ecological and geographical zones of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Statistical data processing was carried out on 24,123 schoolchildren who do not have chronic diseases belonging to health groups I and II. Statistical, analytical, mathematical and sociological methods were used. RESULTS: The analysis showed that the greatest differences in this indicator were recorded in groups of children of primary school age, both among boys and girls. The highest values of reference indicators for body weight were determined in the younger age groups of boys and girls living in Yakutsk, and in older age groups - in those living in the industrial regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The lowest values of these indicators were determined in children in rural areas of the region.

[Features of the appeal for pediatric otorhinolaryngological care in conditions of increased biological risks].

The combined effect of close contact between child patients and otorhinolaryngologists, as well as the practice of aerosol-generating procedures, justify the need to take prompt organizational measures to reduce risks in the provision of pediatric otorhinolaryngological care in conditions of increased biological risks. In the pediatric ENT community, these adaptations have resulted in: judicious distribution of care to treat the most severe conditions, minimizing the risk of long-term consequences, ensuring the safety of child patients and healthcare workers through better communication methods, changing procedural precautions, the rapid introduction of telemedicine for diagnosis and treatment of patients, as well as the development of protective protocols to limit exposure to aerosol-generating procedures or manipulations to reduce the risk of exposure to a high viral load.

[Comorbidity of rosacea and various pathological conditions among the population of the countries of the world, accounting for treatment and preventive measures].

Currently, there is an urgent need for global research to develop a modern comprehensive study of rosacea, including its pathogenesis, risk factors, association of rosacea subtypes with concomitant diseases. The most relevant research studies the role of immunity and microorganisms in the pathogenesis of rosacea. To elucidate the features of the comorbidity of rosacea and somatic diseases, studies in various populations with detailed clinical data and a longer follow-up period are important. At the same time, it is important to understand the relationship between the severity and severity of various clinical symptoms of rosacea, the mechanisms that regulate the progression of the process, the combination of rosacea subtypes and the course of the disease in association with other forms of pathological disorders.

[Personalized approach in the diagnostics and treatment of symptomatic epilepsy with déjà vu seizures].

The phenomenon of déjà vu (DV) is of interest, occurring in 97% of healthy individuals, while DV can be a manifestation of a number of pathologies, such as Charles Bonnet syndrome, depression, schizophrenia, or temporal lobe epilepsy. Most cases of DV type epiphenomena are associated with hippocampal sclerosis, while up to 90% of patients with mesial temporal sclerosis are drug resistant. Despite the success of pharmacotherapy, the frequency of «uncontrolled¼ epilepsy in industrialized countries that adhere to modern standards of treatment is from 30 to 40%, and this percentage is higher among patients with symptomatic and cryptogenic forms than among patients with idiopathic epilepsy (respectively: 40% and 26%). In turn, when studying the DV phenomenon and choosing a therapy strategy, it is necessary to establish its origin, determine its clinical significance (whether it is initially pathological or not), and the need for treatment. During the analysis of exome data, a search was made for substitutions in genes associated with arteriovenous malformations, both with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive types of inheritance. The genes KRIT1, RASA1, IL6, FAM58A, GLML, EPHB4, CCM2, and ELMO2 were analyzed especially carefully. The analysis of genetic data is of great importance in the aspect of preventing cerebrovascular accidents, at the same time, in order to obtain reliable and significant results, in addition to time and financial costs, examination of relatives is also required. Meanwhile, this fact does not mean that every patient needs to conduct a genetic study. The paper presents detailed instructions for supplementing anamnestic information, as well as the results of personalized instrumental and laboratory diagnostics, which made it possible to carry out timely correction of therapy and achieve a prolonged positive effect.

[The social genetic aspects of higher prevalence and prevention of basal cell carcinoma].

The maintenance of health of residents of the Northern Regions of Russia, including those living in the Arctic zone of the cbountry, is a condition of its advance development in XXI century. The percentage of Russian citizen vaccinated against the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) does not exceed 50% after beginning of implementation of vaccination program. It can be conditioned by lower level of both of credence of citizen to health care system and health literacy.Purpose of the study is to establish determinants of vaccination of population against COVID-19 in circumpolar region of Russia as exemplified by the Arkhangelsk Oblast.The sociological survey was carried out using the interview technique of patients of medical organizations (n=433) and conditionally healthy residents of the Arkhangelsk Oblast (n=139). To evaluate the level of general health literacy the Russian version of questionnaire HLS19 - Q22-RU was applied. The most of conditionally healthy respondents and consumers of medical services looked for information about methods of prevention and treatment (80.4% and 58.2% correspondingly), had an experience of vaccination against COVID-19 (79% and 56.3% correspondingly). The relative chances of conditionally healthy respondents, women, and respondents having no children and no credence to national health care system to independently look for information related to COVID-19 is higher at 2.94, 2.08, 1.55 and 1.48-1.57 times correspondingly. The relative chances of conditionally healthy respondents having no children in family and assessing one's economic status as "higher than average" to be vaccinated against COVID-19 is higher at 4.02, 1.52, 1.53 times correspondingly. Availability of experience of vaccination against COVID-19 is conditioned by higher level of general health literacy.In the Arkhangelsk Oblast and other circumpolar regions of Russia the programs of increasing loyalty of citizen to measures of population prevention, including vaccine prevention, is to be implemented with consideration of established determinants of of vaccinations against COVID-19.

[The application of statistical programs and methods of data mathematical processing in obstetrics and gynecology].

In recent decades, evidence-based medicine acquired special importance in medicine. Therefore, proper presentation of data obtained in scientific research is extremely important. The statistical data processing, being an integral part of this process, often causes difficulties for researchers and its incorrect application results in distortion of results obtained. The purpose of the study is to comparatively analyze programs and methods of statistical data processing applied in dissertations on obstetrics and gynecology in 2011-2021, to examine trends in choosing them depending on specificity of research issue and to identify shortcomings erred by authors in choosing or describing data processing methods. The sampling for analysis included 258 abstracts of candidate's dissertations in the specialty "obstetrics and gynecology", defended in 2011-2021. The analysis covered the programs and methods of mathematical data processing. Over the past decade, significant complication of statistical processing of results of clinical trials in obstetrics and gynecology occurred in part of methods applied. The application of binary logistic regression and discriminant analysis increased most significantly over the past decade. Such sophisticated methods of statistical data processing as factor analysis, decision trees, ordinal logistic regression and neural networks began to be used too. The trend of gradual replacement of parametric methods (Student's t-test, one-way analysis of variance) by such corresponding non-parametric methods as Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test. The Microsoft Excel and Statistica were used most often for data processing. In recent years, the software SPSS Statistics is actively applied. However, problems in describing statistical methods used in dissertations continue to be present. In significant part of dissertations information about statistical program applied, methods of assessing of quantitative data distribution and criteria of significance of obtained results is absent. The proper application of statistical programs, methods of information processing, adequate interpretation of results as well as provision of complete information about methodological support are the key points to carry out modern research resulting in trusted attitude to scientific work and its results.

[The molecular genetic aspects of basal cell carcinoma from the position of population health preservation].

The exploration of molecular genetic mechanisms that underlie carcinogenesis, hereditary factors of various oncological diseases, including basal cell carcinoma, the most common type of skin cancer is especially actual and significant for target strategies of public health. The diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma is based on complex clinical, radiologic and genetic examination data. The further research in the field of somatic or hereditary mutations in genes associated with basal cell carcinoma, including Patched 1 (PTCH1), Patched 2 (PTCH2), Smoothed (SMO) continue to be topical. The strategies of primary prevention of basal cell carcinoma, discussions of complex issues of decision-making concerning treatment at primary health care level, training courses and development of guidelines for general practitioners and interdisciplinary recommendations for effective early diagnosis and comprehensive care of basal cell carcinoma are to be suggested.

[Management solutions using digital technologies in the Healthy Moscow pavilions].

The digital transformation of healthcare is an integral part of the priorities in modern healthcare. A striking example of the practical implementation of compliance with the basic principles of digital healthcare is the Healthy Moscow project, which has been implemented since 2021, which has become a real breakthrough in Russia in ensuring accessibility and convenience in providing medical care to the population. The aim of the project is the early prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases, the formation of a healthy lifestyle and the improvement of the well-being of Moscow residents, as well as the development of a conscious attitude to taking care of their health. Pavilions in the park areas of Moscow are an integral part of the modern medical infrastructure, providing convenient conditions for obtaining medical advice and information. The article provides information on the types of digital technologies and basic equipment that the pavilions (large and small) are equipped with as part of the Healthy Moscow project, it is shown that the introduction of digital healthcare technologies is one of the key tasks of the national strategy of Russia, which contributes significantly contribution to the successful implementation of the Healthy Moscow project.