A framework for the implementation of consultation-liaison psychiatry from the characteristics of psychosomatic consultations at a general hospital in China.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of a consultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP) service at a general hospital in China, compare the literature on CLP in other hospitals in China and abroad, and identify reasons for the differences. METHODS: The medical records of all inpatients who received liaison consultations in the first year of the establishment of Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital were reviewed. Demographic data, specific department, number of consultations, reasons for consultation, outcome of consultation, and follow-up information on patients was collected. RESULTS: A total of 630 patients were enrolled during the first year of the hospital's opening, of which 45.2% were male and 54.8% were female. A total of 89.2% of non-psychiatric departments requested a psychosomatic consultation. The percentage of middle-aged and elderly patients was 75.6%, of whom 61.6% were aged 45 to 74 years. The internal medicine department requested the highest number of consultations (48.2%), including those from respiratory medicine (12.1%), neurology (12.1%), gastroenterology (12.1%), and cardiology (12.1%). Among surgical patients, orthopedic patients (6.5%) comprised the majority of consults. The main reasons for requesting a psychosomatic consultation were depressive symptoms (139 cases, 22.8%), anxiety symptoms (137 cases, 22.5%), sleep problems (111 cases, 18.2%), and hallucinations, delusions, or behavioral problems (68 cases, 11.2%), accounting for a total of 74.6% of consultations (455/630). CONCLUSION: A significant gap exists between the level of CLP services in China and developed regions in Europe and the United States, mainly due to low psychiatric consultation rates and poor quality CLP services.

Molecular and Biological Characterization of Chinese Sacbrood Virus LN Isolate.

Chinese sacbrood virus (CSBV) was purified from diseased insects, and its genome was cloned and sequenced. The genomic RNA of CSBV is 8863 nucleotides in length and contains a single large open reading frame encoding a 319.614 kDa polyprotein. The coding sequence is flanked by a 178-nucleotide 5' nontranslated leader sequence and a 142-nucleotide 3' nontranslated region, followed a poly(A) tail. Four major structural proteins, VP1,VP2, VP3 and VP4, were predicted in the N-teminal of the polyprotein. The C-terminal part of the polyprotein contains sequence motifs which is a typical and well-characterized picornavirus nonstructural proteins: an RNA helicase, a chymotrypsin-like 3C protease, and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Genetic analysis shows that the CSBV-LN had a 13-amino-acid deletion at amino acid positions 710-719 and 727-729 in comparison with CSBV-GZ and SBV-UK, and the SBV-UK had a 7-amino-acid deletion at amino acid positions 2124-2132 in comparison with CSBV-GZ and CSBV-LN, and the CSBV-GZ and CSBV-LN had a 6-amino-acid deletion at amino acid positions 2143-2150 in comparison with SBV-UK. Phylogenetic analysis using RdRp of selected picorna-like viruses shows that CSBV/SBV and Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) tend to group together, which possesses an RNA of similar size and gene order.

Immunogenicity of plasmids encoding P12A and 3C of FMDV and swine IL-18.

In this paper, two recombinant plasmids (pVIR-P12AIL18-3C and pVIR-P12A-3C) containing foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) capsid polypeptide, 3C coding regions of O/NY00 and using/or not swine IL18 as a genetic adjuvant were constructed, and evaluated for their ability to induce humoral and cellular responses in mice and swine. In addition, the ability to protect swine against homologous virus challenge was examined. Mice and swine were given booster vaccination twice and once, respectively, and swine were challenged 10 days after the booster vaccination. Control groups were inoculated with pVAX1 or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). All animals vaccinated with pVIR-P12AIL18-3C and pVIR-P12A-3C developed specific anti-FMDV ELISA antibody and neutralizing antibody and T lymphocyte proliferation and CTL cytotoxic activity was observed. In addition, we found that pVIR-P12AIL18-3C possessed stronger immunogenicity than pVIR-P12A-3C. The pVIR-P12AIL18-3C and pVIR-P12A-3C provided full protection in 3/4 and 2/4 swine from challenge with FMDV O/NY00, respectively. The results demonstrate the potential viability of a DNA vaccine in the control and prevention of FMDV infections.

TaqMan MGB probe fluorescence real-time quantitative PCR for rapid detection of Chinese Sacbrood virus.

Sacbrood virus (SBV) is a picorna-like virus that affects honey bees (Apis mellifera) and results in the death of the larvae. Several procedures are available to detect Chinese SBV (CSBV) in clinical samples, but not to estimate the level of CSBV infection. The aim of this study was develop an assay for rapid detection and quantification of this virus. Primers and probes were designed that were specific for CSBV structural protein genes. A TaqMan minor groove binder (MGB) probe-based, fluorescence real-time quantitative PCR was established. The specificity, sensitivity and stability of the assay were assessed; specificity was high and there were no cross-reactivity with healthy larvae or other bee viruses. The assay was applied to detect CSBV in 37 clinical samples and its efficiency was compared with clinical diagnosis, electron microscopy observation, and conventional RT-PCR. The TaqMan MGB-based probe fluorescence real-time quantitative PCR for CSBV was more sensitive than other methods tested. This assay was a reliable, fast, and sensitive method that was used successfully to detect CSBV in clinical samples. The technology can provide a useful tool for rapid detection of CSBV. This study has established a useful protocol for CSBV testing, epidemiological investigation, and development of animal models.

Genetic characterization of VP1 gene of seven Sacbrood virus isolated from three provinces in northern China during the years 2008-2012.

The genetic diversity of seven northern China isolated Sacbrood virus strains (SBV) has been analyzed, and hypervariable regions of the VP1 gene of 7 SBV were sequenced and characterized, in order to obtain epidemiological and immunological information, and to suggest typing criteria for SBV. Sequence analysis of hypervariable regions of the VP1 gene in the genome of these isolates revealed a sequence homology of 91.0-99.3% among all seven local SBV isolates from Apis cerana from China, with a similarity of 93.3-100.0% in deduced amino acid sequences. These local isolates shared 87.4-92.8% sequence homology with six SBV reference strains in GenBank (including two SBV reference strains from Apis cerana from China), which represents a 91.8-97.6% similarity in deduced amino acid sequences. Genetic analysis also showed that five SBV strains from Apis cerana from China had a 13-amino-acid deletion at amino acid positions 287-299, and two SBV strains infecting the Korean honeybee had a 17-amino-acid deletion at amino acid positions 284-300 in comparison with other SBV. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two major groups (AC genotype SBV infecting Apis cerana and AM genotype SBV infecting Apis mellifera). The AC genotype could be further divided into subgroups. Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, a similarity scan of SBV nucleotide sequences was carried out by using Simplot software and results in similar results. Our results suggest possible typing criteria for SBV based on the phylogenetic tree and sequence homology, and also that the virus has host specificity and regional variations.

Contrastive Analysis of three transplanted tumor models in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To compare the growth of three different cancer cell lines on chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), to select the best transplanted cancer cell line for establishing a transplanted tumor model and to observe the biological characteristics.Methods The human lung cancer cell line A549, human tongue cancer cell line TCA8113 and human liver cancer cell line QGY7703 were respectively inoculated into CAM at the 7th day of age.The chick embryo survival rate, tumor survival rate, tumor formation rate and induced angiogenesis were detected and the growth characteristics of the transplanted tumor model were observed.Results Compared with the groups inoculated with A549 cells and QGY7703 cells, the tumor formation rate of TCA8113 cells was the highest (P < 0.05), to be the best cancer cell line for transplanted tumor.The optimal inoculated number of cells was 8.0×106/chick embryo, the optimal growth period of the tumor was 4~8 d, and the best experiment time was 7 d after inoculation.Conclusion The TCA-CAM transplanted tumor model of tongue squamous cell cancer is successfully established for further study of the biological characteristics and mechanisms of tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, and provide a good experimental animal model for anti-tumor drug screening.

Construction and immunogenicity of recombinant fowlpox vaccines coexpressing HA of AIV H5N1 and chicken IL18.

cDNAs of the HA genes of subtype H5N1 AIV were fused to form a single open reading frame, designated H5HA-H7HA. The H5HA-H7HA cDNA and chicken Interleukin-18 (IL18) were inserted into the fowlpox virus (FPV) expression vector pUTA-16-LacZ to produce pUTAL-H5-H7-IL18. cDNA of H5N1 AIV HA was inserted into the FPV expression vector pUTA2 to create the recombinant expression plasmid pUTA2-H5. Plasmids were then co-transected into CEF cells. The two recombinant fowlpox viruses (rFPV) were produced by three cycles with the BrdU and verified by RT-PCR, IFA and Western blotting. One-day-old specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens and 7-day-old commercial Leghorn egg-laying chickens were inoculated with 10(6) PFU recombinant or parental fowlpox vaccine viruses by wing-web puncture. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titer and nonspecific cellular immunity level were assessed after 1-3 weeks post-immunization. We found that all rFPV-vaccinated groups produced HI-specific antibodies, and the level of cellular immunity induced by the rFPV-H5-H7-IL18 strain was significantly higher than that induced by rFPV-H5HA. At 3 weeks post-inoculation, immunized SPF and Leghorn chickens were challenged with H5N1 HP AIV. The rFPV-H5-H7-IL18 vaccine strains were able to induce complete (10/10) protection, while the rFPV-H5HA vaccine strain induced (9/10) protection. Cloacal swabbing samples were collected from immunized leghorn chickens during the first week post-challenge; no shedding was found in the rFPV-H5-H7-IL18 vaccinated group. The rFPV-H5-H7-IL18 vaccinated group displayed significantly increased weight gain relative to the rFPV-H5HA group. This study reports a significant step in the further development of new AIV vaccines.

Molecular design and immunogenicity of a multiple-epitope foot-and-mouth disease virus antigen, adjuvants, and DNA vaccination / 生物工程学报

We designed and constructed a fuse expression gene OAAT and staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) on the basis of the OAAT designed and constructed which consists of the structural protein VP1 genes from serotypes A and O FMDV, 5 major VP1 immunodominant epitopes from two genotypes of Asia1 serotype, and 3 Th2 epitopes originating from the non-structural protein, 3ABC gene and structural protein VP4 gene. The recombinant plasmids pEA was constructed using SEA as a genetic adjuvant. Expressions of target gene from the pEA in Hela cell were verified by IFA and Western blotting. The experiment of BALB/c mice immunized with the DNA vaccines showed that pA and pEA could induce simultaneously specific antibodies against serotypes A, Asia1, and O FMDV, and the highest antibody titres were found in the pEA and inactivated vaccine groups compared to pA vaccinating mice. Compared with the control, the levels of IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 expression by splenic lymphocytes from mice immunized with pA and pEA were significantly increased. In addition, we found that the levels of IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4 from the mice immunized with pEA was higher than mice immunized with pA did. The results of viral challenge in guinea pigs showed the pA, pEA and inactivated vaccine provided full protection in 2/4, 2/4, 3/4, 3/4 and 4/4, 4/4 guinea pigs from challenge with FMDV O/NY00 and Asial/YNBS/58, respectively. The results demonstrated fuse protein OAAT and SEA may be potential immunoge against FMDV, furthermore, SEA may be an effective genetic adjuvant for DNA vaccine.