Depositional records of plutonium and (137)Cs released from Nagasaki atomic bomb in sediment of Nishiyama reservoir at Nagasaki.

In a sediment core of Nishiyama reservoir at Nagasaki city, depth profiles of (240)Pu/(239)Pu isotopic ratio, (239+240)Pu and (137)Cs activities were determined. Sediments containing plutonium and (137)Cs, which were deposited immediately after a detonation of Nagasaki atomic bomb, were identified in the core. Observed below the sediments were macroscopic charcoals, providing evidence for initial deposit of the fallout of the Nagasaki atomic bomb. This is the first entire depositional records of plutonium and (137)Cs released from the Nagasaki atomic bomb together with those from atmospheric nuclear tests.

The association of Behçet's disease with myelodysplastic syndrome in Japan: a review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE: [corrected] To determine the clinical characteristics of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)-associated Behçet's disease (BD) in Japan. METHODS: 54 Japanese cases of MDS-associated BD obtained from the literature and from our own clinical experience were reviewed. The clinical features of MDS-associated BD were compared with those of the 1991 nationwide BD survey in Japan. RESULTS: In MDS-associated BD, the average age at onset was 42.6 years, which was 6.9 years later than for all BD patients; females developed disease more frequently than males (male: female ratio = 0.80). In MDS-associated BD cases, the occurrence of eye lesions was significantly lower, the frequency of intestinal lesions was markedly higher, and the rate of HLA-B51 positivity was lower than that in all BD. BD and MDS developed nearly simultaneously in 49.0% of cases; BD preceded MDS in 31.4% of the cases. The distribution of the age at BD onset showed two peaks, one in the 3rd decade and the other in the 6th decade. Females were more likely to develop younger-onset disease, while men were more likely to develop older-onset MDS-associated BD. Furthermore, in the older-onset group, BD was diagnosed together with or after the diagnosis of MDS, while half of the younger-onset group developed BD earlier than MDS. CONCLUSION: MDS-associated BD patients form a distinct subset of patients. There may, in fact, be two major groups of MDS-associated BD patients based on age, gender, and temporal relationship of the two diseases.

Ex vivo CD(+) T-cell cytokine expression from patients with Sjögren's syndrome following in vitro stimulation to induce proliferation.

OBJECTIVE: To assess ex vivo CD4(+) T-cell cytokine expression from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) following in vitro stimulation to induce proliferation, as proliferation is closely related to differentiation of cytokine-producing cells. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) separated from primary SS patients (n = 28) and controls (n = 25) were analysed. PBMCs were stimulated with concanavalin A followed by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin. Intracellular interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL)-4 in proliferating CD4(+) T cells were assessed by flow cytometry. The proportion of cytokine-producing cells and proliferating cells in each division cycle was assessed using [5(and 6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester]-labelled CD4(+/-) T cells. RESULTS: The proportion of IFN-gamma+ proliferating CD4(+) T cells in each cell division cycle from extraglandular SS was increased in glandular SS patients compared glandular SS patients with controls (P<0.05 approximately 0.01). The percentage of IFN-gamma single positive proliferating CD4(+) T cells was greater in extraglandular SS patients (26.7+/-14.1%) compared with glandular SS (9.9 +/- 9.1%) (P<0.01) and controls (9.4 +/- 5.8%) (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the percentages of IL-4(+) proliferating CD4(+) T cells among the groups. However, the proliferating response of CD4(+) T cells was significantly decreased in extraglandular SS patients (percentage of proliferating cells 38.4 +/- 18.6%) compared with that in glandular SS patients (64.2 +/- 17.2%) (P<0.05) and controls (63.1+/-10.6%) (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: CD4(+) T cells from extraglandular SS patients may have a predisposition for entry into the IFN-gamma-producing effector pathway as a result of the stimulations. These results are helpful for understanding the immunological difference between glandular and extraglandular SS and the mechanisms of disease progression.

Anti-inflammatory effect of 22-oxa-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on carrageenin-induced inflammation in rats.

The anti-inflammatory effect of 22-oxa-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [22-oxa-1 alpha,25(OH)2D3], an analogue of the active form of vitamin D3, was studied regarding carrageenin-induced inflammation in rats. In the early phase of the inflammation, the formation of granulation tissue and the weight of exudate were significantly suppressed by both oral and local administrations of 22-oxa-1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 daily for 4 d (day 0-3) after carrageenin injection, though the local injection of 22-oxa-1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 (7 and 10 micrograms/kg) into the carrageenin-air-pouch was much more effective than the oral administration of the compound (20 micrograms/kg). Similarly, oral and local administrations of 22-oxa-1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 from day 4 to 7 significantly suppressed the increase in exudate and the proliferation of granulation tissue in the late phase of carrageenin-induced inflammation in rats. The results suggest that 22-oxa-1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 has an anti-inflammatory activity on both the acute and proliferative phases of inflammation in rats.

Changes in the levels of rat interleukin 8/CINC and gelatinase in the exudate of carrageenin-induced inflammation in rats.

A sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for rat interleukin 8/cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) has been established by using biotin-conjugated anti-CINC rabbit IgG. The biotin-streptavidin sandwich ELISA detected CINC at concentrations from 3 pg/ml up to 30 ng/ml. The concentration of CINC in the pouch fluid (exudate) of rat carrageenin-induced inflammation was measured by the ELISA. After a time lag of about 2 h, neutrophils steadily accumulated in the carrageenin/air-pouch until 8 h. Similarly, the CINC level of exudate increased after about a 2-h lag, and reached a maximum (134 ng/ml) at 8 h, and thereafter decreased to a negligible concentration at 24 h after carrageenin injection. In association with the rise in CINC level, the concentration of exudate 96-kDa gelatinase corresponding to neutrophil gelatinase/type IV collagenase increased with time. The results suggest that CINC contributes, at least in part, to the neutrophil migration into the inflammatory lesion of the carrageenin-induced inflammation in rats.

Casein kinase II inhibitors isolated from two Brazilian plants Hymenaea parvifolia and Wulffia baccata.

Two dihydroflavonol rhamnosides (1 and 2) isolated from the bark of Hymenaea parvifolia and two pentacyclic triterpenoids (3 and 6) obtained from the leaves of Wulffia baccata have been found to exhibit inhibitory effects of casein kinase II (CK-II) dose-dependently, suggesting that at higher doses more than 10 microM, these four compounds may act as potent CK-II suppressors of the CK-II-mediated activation of 60S acidic ribosomal P proteins in vitro.