RESUMO
Changing the electronic structure of materials by pressure and the accompanying changes in optical properties have attracted scientific interest. We have reported that the energy position of the conduction band (CB) bottom and the crystal field splitting of the Ce3+:5d excited level in Y3Al5-xGaxO12:Ce3+ are changed by applying pressure, which results in the red shifting of the Ce3+:5d â 4f luminescence and the increase of the quenching temperature. We also reported dramatic improvement of the persistent luminescence performance by either Cr3+ or Yb3+ codoping into the Y3Al5-xGaxO12:Ce3+ phosphors. The different trap depths formed by Cr3+ and Yb3+ affect the initial persistent luminescence intensity and the persistent luminescence duration. In this study, the effect of pressure on the persistent luminescence performance was investigated. For the Y3AlGa4O12:Ce3+-Yb3+ phosphor, the slope of persistent luminescence decay curve becomes more gentle with increasing pressure, while for the Y3AlGa4O12:Ce3+-Cr3+ phosphor the slope becomes steeper. These results indicate that the trap depth of Yb3+ becomes deeper and that of Cr3+ becomes shallower with increasing pressure. Based on the pressure-dependence of the luminescence quenching and the trap depth change estimated from the decay slopes, the relative electronic energies of the CB bottom and the Yb2+ (4f14) or Cr2+ (3d4) levels are discussed. The CB bottom energy is increased relative to the ground 1S0 state of Yb2+ with increasing pressure, which results in deepening of the electron trap depth of the Yb2+ state. The opposite tendency of the Cr3+ codoped sample was described by a decreasing tendency of the energy gap between the CB bottom and the Cr2+:eg level, the relative energy level of which is increased by the increase of the crystal field with increasing pressure in the garnet host material, where the electron-trapping Cr2+ ions take the high spin state (t32ge1g) rather than the low-spin state (t42g).
RESUMO
Cavity ring-down spectroscopy was used to study the title reaction in 50-200 Torr of O2 diluent at 233-333 K. There was no discernible effect of total pressure, and a rate constant of k(BrO + C2H5O2) = (3.8 +/- 1.7) x 10(-12) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) was determined at 293 K in 150 Torr total pressure of O2 diluent. The addition of 1.4 x 10(17) molecules cm(-3) of H2O vapor had no measurable impact on k(BrO + C2H5O2) at 293 K and 150 Torr. The rate constant exhibited a negative temperature dependence and was described by k(BrO + C2H5O2) = 6.5 x 10(-13) exp((505 +/- 570)/T) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1). Results are discussed with respect to the atmospheric chemistry of BrO radicals.
RESUMO
The Y3Al2Ga3O12:Ce3+-Cr3+ compound is one of the brightest persistent phosphors, but its persistent luminescence duration is not so long because of the relatively shallow Cr3+ electron trap. To compare the vacuum referred binding energy of the electron trapping state by Cr3+ and lanthanide ions, we selected Yb3+ as a deeper electron trapping center. The Y3Al2Ga3O12:Ce3+-Yb3+ phosphors show Ce3+:5d â 4f green persistent luminescence after blue light excitation. The formation of Yb2+ was confirmed by the increased intensity of absorption due to Yb2+:4f-5d at 585 nm during the charging process. This result indicates that the Yb3+ ions act as electron traps by capturing an electron. From the thermoluminescence glow curves, it was found that the Yb3+ trap makes a much deeper electron trap with a 1.01 eV depth than the Cr3+ electron trap with a 0.81 eV depth. This deeper Yb3+ trap provides a much slower detrapping rate of filled electron traps than the Cr3+-codoped persistent phosphor. In addition, by preparing transparent ceramics and optimizing Ce3+ and Yb3+ concentrations, the Y3Al2Ga3O12:Ce3+(0.2%)-Yb3+(0.1%) as-made transparent ceramic phosphor showed super-long persistent luminescence for over 138.8 h after blue light charging.