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Objective: Climacteric syndrome, which is related to many symptoms, often causes discomfort in women. Non-pharmacologic treatment is one of the treatment options for affected individuals, and this syndrome can be cured with psychological treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of various CBT methods on the improvement of climacteric symptoms. Material and Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Medline, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant articles published between January 1990 and August 2018. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted by two authors. Results: A total of 15 articles including 910 women were entered. We divided the CBT methods into two categories, face-to-face (individual and group CBT) and indirect (self-help CBT) methods. Among the three CBT approaches, three articles covered individual CBT, nine articles carried out group CBT, and in five articles, the self-help approach was used. The climacteric symptoms that improved with CBT were categorized into three groups as vasomotor symptoms, psychological symptoms, and organic disorders. Generally, the face-to-face method played a key positive effect on symptom improvement, and the group CBT approach was more effective on psychological symptoms. Conclusion: Although the indirect method is more cost-effective, it has less impact than the face-to-face method; it is better to use face-to-face approaches to achieve better results, if possible. Further studies are required in this regard, particularly in the individual and self-help CBT approaches, to measure the impact of these approaches on more varied symptoms of menopause.
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Objective: To evaluate the relationship between semen parameters and intrauterine insemination (IUI) success rates. Material and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted during a 4-year period (2011-2015) on the medical records of 350 couples admitted to the infertility center of Beast Hospital in Tehran. The participants' data such as age, duration of infertility, semen parameters [including volume, concentration, motility, normal morphology and total motile sperm count (TMSC)] before and after sperm processing, as well as the IUI results were extracted from the patients' records. Only the first IUI cycle of the couples was considered. The main outcome criterion for the IUI success was serum positive beta human chorionic gonadtotropin 14 days after IUI. The collected data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests. Results: The overall pregnancy rate for each couple was reported as 23.42% (82/350). There was no significant difference in the mean age of the couple and infertility duration between the groups who achieved pregnancy and those who failed. The two groups showed no significant differences in pre and post processing of semen parameters (including volume, concentration and TMSC). Sperm motility and normal sperm morphology before and after sperm processing were significantly different between the two groups, respectively (p=0.023 before sperm processing and p=0.032 after) (p=0.032 before sperm processing and p=0.007 after). Conclusion: Sperm motility and normal sperm morphology have an effect in IUI success.
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OBJECTIVE: Lifestyle patterns are not only related to healthy life but also could be related to modifying menopausal symptoms. Considering the lack of data, the present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between lifestyle and vasomotor symptoms among Iranian postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 302 eligible postmenopausal women referring to Shahroud health centers (Shahroud, Iran) during June 2017 and October 2018. The Iranian standard questionnaire on women health project (Saba questionnaire) was used for data collection. Our data were analyzed using the SPSS software (version 18). Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and multiple logistic regression were used to address sociodemographic characteristics among our participants and the relations between lifestyle and vasomotor symptoms. RESULTS: We found a significant relation between daily dairy units (P = 0.05), daily vegetable units (P = 0.01), weekly use of solid oils (0.01), and hot flush. The relation between daily vegetable units and urinary incontinence was also statistically significant (P = 0.02). When we use multiple logistic regression, we found significant predictive relations between daily vegetable unit status (P = 0.01), weekly use of solid oils (P = 0.04), body mass index (P = 0.03), and hot flush. CONCLUSION: The study provided findings to support the probable relation between some of lifestyle-related variables and vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women.