Ectopic Ocular Tissue in a Mature Cystic Teratoma of Ovary: a Rare Case Report.

Teratomas are tumours developed from germ cell layers, containing derivatives from all three germ cell layers. Mature cystic teratomas are the most common germ cell neoplasms and contain mature elements derived from germ layers. Many previous reports show presence of retinal structures in teratomas. Here we have reported a rare case of mature teratoma of ovary containing corneal, conjunctival, and lenticular structure. A 38-year-old female presented with a 6cm×4cm×3cm echogenic mass involving left ovary. Histopathological examination of the cystectomy specimen showed presence of all three germ cell layer derivatives along with corneal epithelium with prominent goblet cells, conjunctival epithelium, and lenticular structure. The presence of ocular structure in an ovarian mature cystic teratoma is an extremely rare event.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of minor salivary gland tumors: A retrospective 5-year study of 42 cases in a tertiary care hospital.

BACKGROUND: Minor salivary gland tumors (MSGTs) are less common than major salivary glands and involve only 15-20% of all salivary gland tumors. Most of the cases originate at intra- and peri-oral region. Minor salivary gland lesion cytology has been studied rarely in India. AIMS: This present study was performed to evaluate the role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in diagnosis of MSGTs and to explore the cases of cytohistological discrepancies in the study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted over a 5-year period on 42 cases of MSGTs. In all the cases, cytology was correlated with histology and cytohistological discrepancies were searched. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic efficacy were calculated using histopathology as gold standard. RESULTS: We diagnosed 27 malignant (64.28%) and 15 benign (35.71%) MSGTs in cytological evaluation. We found two false negative and one false positive case in cytology. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of the study were 92.59%, 93.33%, and 92.85%, respectively. CONCLUSION: FNAC is a minimally invasive and cost-effective procedure with high accuracy (92.85%) in the assessment of MSGTs and helps in the management of benign and malignant tumors.

Cytological findings of microfilariae in different sites: A retrospective review of 22 cases from endemic region.

BACKGROUND: Filariasis is a major health problem in India. Despite the high prevalence, microfilariae are rarely found in cytology smears. Most of the cases are incidentally found, solely or in association with other pathologies. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The study was undertaken to analyze the prevalence and cytology findings of cases of incidentally found microfilariae in cytology smears (fine-needle aspiration cytology [FNAC]/body fluids) from different body parts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study over 5 years, where the cases of microfilariae in aspirates from swelling of different locations and body fluids were reviewed, and clinic-pathological data were analyzed. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS: Out of 16,738 cases of FNAC and 882 cases of fluid cytology, 22 cases (0.124%) of incidental finding of microfilaria were documented in cytology smears. The cases were diagnosed from lymph nodes (5 cases), skin and soft tissue (4 cases), scrotal (4 cases), breast (3 cases), thyroid (2 cases), and pleural fluid (2 cases). We found eosinophilia in 15 cases (68.18%) of filarial lesions. We found two cases of incidental findings of microfilariae in association with malignant lesions. CONCLUSION: Filariasis should be considered as differential diagnosis of swelling of lymph nodes, skin, soft tissue, inguinoscrotal region, and other sites as well. Careful screening of cytology smears may help in detection of incidental cases in the association of other pathologies.

Rhabdoid Meningioma of Brain - A Rare Aggressive Tumor.

Rhabdoid meningioma is a rare aggressive variant of meningioma, regarded as WHO Grade III type. Histologically and cytologically, it is distinctive type having abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, cytoplasmic inclusion with eccentrically placed vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. High recurrence rate and poor outcome are important features. Here, we are presenting a rare case of rhabdoid meningioma found in a recurrent meningioma of the posterior fossa in a middle-aged female. We emphasized the squash cytology and histology finding of the rare neoplasm.

Severely calcified leiomyoma of broad ligament in a postmenopausal woman: Report of a rare case.

Calcified broad ligament leiomyoma is a rare benign lesion in postmenopausal age group. It causes diagnostic confusion with solid calcified adnexal mass and large bladder calculi at the pelvic region. Clinical and radiological diagnoses were confirmed by histopathology of the hysterectomy specimen. We hereby present a case of heavily calcified broad ligament fibroid in a postmenopausal woman.

Endometrial hyperplasia: a clinicopathological study in a tertiary care hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical as well as histomorphologic features in different cases of endometrial hyperplasia along with its relative occurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A one-and-a-half-year prospective study was conducted on histopathologically diagnosed cases of endometrial hyperplasia in a tertiary care hospital. Apart from relevant clinical findings, histomorphologic details were noted and statistically analyzed. OBSERVATIONS: Maximum number (46.5 %) of endometrial hyperplasia occurred in patients of 41-50 years age group. Majority (55.2 %) of the patients were found to be premenopausal. Menorrhagia was the most common (49.6 %) clinical presentation followed by postmenopausal bleeding (30.8 %). Simple hyperplasia without atypia was the most common type (95.6 %) followed by complex hyperplasia without atypia (3.6 %) and complex hyperplasia with atypia (0.8 %), respectively. The study of gland-stroma ratio revealed 65:35 to be the most frequent (34 %) ratio; variable-sized glands with cystic dilatation (60.4 %) was the commonest gland architecture and most of the cases (99.2 %) showed the absence of atypia. Associated histopathological findings included a case each of endometrial adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated endometrial stromal sarcoma along with the common leiomyoma and progesterone effects. CONCLUSION: Menorrhagia was the most common presenting complaint in cases of endometrial hyperplasia. The cases were mostly in the premenopausal age group. Simple endometrial hyperplasia without atypia was the commonest type diagnosed histopathologically. Histopathological examination along with clinical details is essential to give the final opinion regarding the diagnosis.

Hydatid cyst of ovary mimicking ovarian neoplasm with its imprint cytology.

BACKGROUND: Hydatid disease, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is a common parasitic infection of the liver. Disseminated intra-abdominal hydatid disease may occur with the rupture of the hydatid cyst into the peritoneal cavity, producing secondary echinococcosis, but occasional cases of primary peritoneal hydatid disease involving the pelvis have been reported. Occasionally, the cyst does not rupture, but instead enlarges, thus mimicking an ovarian tumour. CASE REPORT: We present a 30-years-old woman with an intra-abdominal hydatid cyst that had no communication with the liver. It is therefore probably a primary case of ovarian hydatid cyst, which is very rare. An imprint smear was also taken, which revealed scolex with hooklets. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of hydatid cyst in the female reproductive system is very low, constituting less than 0.5% of all hydatid cysts. Hence clinicians should consider hydatid cyst among differential diagnosis whenever a cystic pelvic mass is found.