Prevalence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in antioquia between 2016 and 2018.

BACKGROUND: There are few epidemiological studies published in the world evaluating the prevalence of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD). The true prevalence of the disease is not known and the studies carried out are based on the diagnostic criteria used prior to 2015. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of NMOSD in Antioquia, from January 2016 to December 2018. METHODS: The prevalence of NMOSD in Antioquia was determined using the Capture-Recapture Method. Eight centers in the Department of Antioquia for the care of patients with neurological diseases were included. The data was collected between 2016 and 2018. RESULTS: A total of 221 consultation histories, 169 patients with a diagnosis of NMOSD were identified. The prevalence was 4.03 cases/100,000 inhabitants (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.3-4.8) of whom (87.5%), were women and the predominant race was Mestizo (81.6%). The most frequent initial presentation was optic neuritis (ON) (50.9%). Most of the patients had motor or visual disability (86.4%) and the treatment most used was Rituximab (47.9%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of NMOSD in Antioquia is one of the highest reported in the world, except for the French Antilles. More studies are required to know the prevalence of this disease in the Colombian population.

Meningoencefalitis por Listeria monocytogenes / Meningoencephalitis due to Listeria monocytogenes

RESUMEN La neurolisteriosis se presenta principalmente como meningitis o meningoencefalitis, en menor frecuencia romboencefalitis o absceso cerebral. Es la principal causa de muerte entre todas las meningitis bacterianas y se asocia con una alta tasa de discapacidad neurológica. Para su diagnóstico se deben tener en cuenta la edad y los factores de riesgo, principalmente individuos mayores de 50 años y con condiciones de inmunosupresión. Las ayudas diagnósticas son clave para lograr el aislamiento de Lm, donde el cultivo de LCR tiene la mejor sensibilidad. Aunque faltan estudios que demuestren la superioridad de los estudios moleculares, el FilmArray-MEP parece ser prometedor en el aislamiento rápido y preciso de los principales microorganismos involucrados en la meningitis piógena, entre estos Lm. La IRM cerebral es el estudio de elección para el diagnóstico de romboencefalitis. La piedra angular del tratamiento sigue siendo ampicilina, cuya asociación con aminoglucósido podría disminuir la mortalidad.

SUMMARY Neurolisteriosis presents mainly as meningitis or meningoencephalitis, to a lesser extent rhombencephalitis or brain abscess frequency. It is the leading cause of death among all Bacterial meningitis and is associated with a high rate of neurological disability. For your diagnosis must take into account age and risk factors, mainly over 50 years and with immunosuppression conditions. Diagnostic aids are key to achieving the isolation of Lm, where CSF culture has the best sensitivity. Although studies are lacking demonstrating the superiority of molecular studies, the Film Array-MEP appears to be promising in fast and accurate isolation of the main microorganisms involved in pyogenic meningitis, among these Lm. Brain MRI is the study of choice for the diagnosis of rhombencephalitis. The cornerstone of treatment remains ampicillin, and its association with aminoglycoside could decrease mortality.