Increased lipopolysaccharide-induced hypothermia in neurogenic hypertension is caused by reduced hypothalamic PGE2 production and increased heat loss.

KEY POINTS: The mechanisms involved in hypothermia and fever during systemic inflammation (SI) remain largely unknown. Our data support the contention that brain-mediated mechanisms are different in hypertension during SI. Considering that, clinically, it is not easy to assess all mechanisms involved in cardiovascular and thermoregulatory control during SI, the present study sheds light on these integrated mechanisms that may be triggered simultaneously in septic hypertensive patients. The result obtained demonstrate that, in lipopolysaccharide-induced SI, an increased hypothermia is observed in neurogenic hypertension, which is caused by reduced hypothalamic prostaglandin E2 production and increased heat loss in conscious rats. Therefore, the results of the present study provide useful insight for clinical trials evaluating the thermoregulatory outcomes of septic patients with hypertension. ABSTRACT: Hypertension is a prevalent disease characterized by autonomic-induced elevated and sustained blood pressure levels and abnormal body core temperature (Tb) regulation. The present study aimed to determine the brain-mediated mechanisms involved in the thermoregulatory changes observed during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation (SI; at a septic-like model) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We combined Tb and skin temperature (Tsk) analysis, assessment of prostaglandin (PG) E2 levels (the proximal mediator of fever) in the anteroventral region of the hypothalamus (AVPO; an important site for Tb control), oxygen consumption analysis, cardiovascular recordings, assays of inflammatory markers, and evaluation of oxidative stress in the plasma and brain of male Wistar rats and SHR that had received LPS (1.5 mg kg-1 ) or saline. LPS induced hypothermia followed by fever in Wistar rats, whereas, in SHR, a maintained hypothermia without fever were observed. These thermoregulatory responses were associated with an increased heat loss in SHR compared to Wistar rats. We measured LPS-induced increased PGE2 levels in the AVPO in Wistar rats, but not in SHR. The LPS-induced drop in blood pressure was higher in SHR than in Wistar rats. Furthermore, LPS-induced plasma and brain [regions involved in autonomic control: nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM)] cytokine surges were blunted, whereas oxidative stress was higher in SHR. LPS-induced SI leads to blunted cytokine surges both systemically (plasma) and centrally (NTS and RVLM) and reduced hypothalamic PGE2 production, which are all associated with increased hypothermia mediated by increased heat loss, but not by heat production, in SHR.

El goce sexual y las versiones del padre / Sexual enjoyment and parent versions

En el presente trabajo se indaga al padre freudiano en todas sus versiones, y es considerado como un concepto límite, de corte. Pero, un límite al estilo hegeliano, es decir, como el momento lógico de la negación dialéctica, que instaura la pregunta por el goce, por los itinerarios de la pulsión sexual.

The present work is a research about all versions of the “Freudian father”considered as a breaking point concept, a cutting off point in the Hegelian way. That is to say, a logical moment of refusal, that poses the question about“jouissance” (enjoyment) and the itineraries of sexual drive.

Aplicación del diccionario del algoritmo David Liberman para la realización de un estudio comparativo / The dictionary aplication in a comparative study

El algoritmo David Liberman ha permitido llevar a cabo un estudio de los actos del habla y de ciertas escenas de fragmentos del texto Despertar de primavera de Frank Wedekind. Se han inferido las mociones del lenguaje de pulsión y sus destinos, estados y funciones, de un personaje adolescente: Wendla y de los vínculos con su madre, una amiga, y un joven llamado Melchor. El análisis, diferenciación e identificación del esfuerzo de ciertos lenguajes de pulsión, destinos, funciones y estados, junto con la indagación de las actividades retóricas que operan como evidencia de los actos del pensar defensivo, han permitido acceder a la comprensión de los efectos del vínculo sacrificial y tóxico, al cual Wendla es convocada por su madre, la Sra. Bergmann, para mantener un precario equilibrio entre ambas, que se exterioriza en los actos del habla y en las escenas conjeturadas. En este contexto se recurre a otro instrumento del Algoritmo para el análisis del discurso de los diversos fragmentos del texto de Wedekind: el diccionario. Se procura efectuar un estudio comparativo entre los resultados obtenidos previamente y los brindados por esta herramienta de trabajo, a fin de establecer similitudes y diferencias, y extraer las conclusiones pertinentes.(AU)

The David Liberman algorithm has allowed carrying out a study of acts of speech and certain scenes of fragments of the Awakening of Spring by Frank Wedekind. In it were inferred the motions of the drive languages and their destinies, the states and functions of a teenage character: Wendla and the links with her mother, a friend, and a young man named Melchor. The analysis, differentiation and identification of theeffort of certain languages of drives, destinies, roles and states, along with the inquiry of rhetorical activities that operate as evidence of the defensive acts of thought have allowed to achieve an understanding of the effects of the sacrificial and toxic link, in which Wendla is engrossed by her mother, Mrs. Bergmann, to keep a precariousbalance between both, that is externalized in the speech acts and inferred scenes. In this context another instrument of the algorithm is appealed to for the analysis of discourse of the various fragments of the Wedekind text: the dictionary. A comparative studybetween the results obtained previously and those provided by this tool is carried out in order to establish similarities and differences, and draw the pertinent conclusions.(AU)

Aplicación del diccionario del algoritmo David Liberman para la realización de un estudio comparativo / The dictionary aplication in a comparative study

El algoritmo David Liberman ha permitido llevar a cabo un estudio de los actos del habla y de ciertas escenas de fragmentos del texto Despertar de primavera de Frank Wedekind. Se han inferido las mociones del lenguaje de pulsión y sus destinos, estados y funciones, de un personaje adolescente: Wendla y de los vínculos con su madre, una amiga, y un joven llamado Melchor. El análisis, diferenciación e identificación del esfuerzo de ciertos lenguajes de pulsión, destinos, funciones y estados, junto con la indagación de las actividades retóricas que operan como evidencia de los actos del pensar defensivo, han permitido acceder a la comprensión de los efectos del vínculo sacrificial y tóxico, al cual Wendla es convocada por su madre, la Sra. Bergmann, para mantener un precario equilibrio entre ambas, que se exterioriza en los actos del habla y en las escenas conjeturadas. En este contexto se recurre a otro instrumento del Algoritmo para el análisis del discurso de los diversos fragmentos del texto de Wedekind: el diccionario. Se procura efectuar un estudio comparativo entre los resultados obtenidos previamente y los brindados por esta herramienta de trabajo, a fin de establecer similitudes y diferencias, y extraer las conclusiones pertinentes.

The David Liberman algorithm has allowed carrying out a study of acts of speech and certain scenes of fragments of the Awakening of Spring by Frank Wedekind. In it were inferred the motions of the drive languages and their destinies, the states and functions of a teenage character: Wendla and the links with her mother, a friend, and a young man named Melchor. The analysis, differentiation and identification of theeffort of certain languages of drives, destinies, roles and states, along with the inquiry of rhetorical activities that operate as evidence of the defensive acts of thought have allowed to achieve an understanding of the effects of the sacrificial and toxic link, in which Wendla is engrossed by her mother, Mrs. Bergmann, to keep a precariousbalance between both, that is externalized in the speech acts and inferred scenes. In this context another instrument of the algorithm is appealed to for the analysis of discourse of the various fragments of the Wedekind text: the dictionary. A comparative studybetween the results obtained previously and those provided by this tool is carried out in order to establish similarities and differences, and draw the pertinent conclusions.