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BACKGROUND: This study examined the association between memory function and reduced olfactory and gustatory function among independent community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 127 older adults (65.4% women). We assessed their memory, odor, and taste identification skills. Open essence (OE) test and taste strips (TS) were used to identify hyposmia (OE test ≤6) and hypogeusia (TS test ≤8), respectively. RESULTS: Participants with severe hyposmia had significantly poorer memory functions compared to participants without severe hyposmia. After adjusting for covariates, multivariate logistic regression models revealed a significant association between immediate recognition performance and a decreased likelihood of severe hyposmia (odds ratio=0.65; 95% confidence interval 0.47-0.90). We observed no significant association between taste function and memory. CONCLUSION: Memory function may be associated with olfactory impairment in older adults.
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Vida Independente , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Masculino , Estudos Transversais , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Memória/fisiologia , Olfato/fisiologia , Anosmia/fisiopatologia , Paladar/fisiologia , Transtornos da Memória/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Memória/fisiopatologia , Transtornos da Memória/etiologia , Transtornos do Olfato/fisiopatologia , Transtornos do Olfato/epidemiologiaRESUMO
AIM: Whether serum concentration of procalcitonin (PCT), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and albumin (Alb) have an association with the outcome of hospitalized older patients is unclear. We investigated clinical outcomes and any predictive factors in hospitalized Japanese older patients with a risk of infection. METHODS: In the retrospective study, 820 Japanese patients were followed up for 30 days or until death. During the observation period, 656 patients survived and 164 patients died. The predictive factors of death were analyzed according to demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS: The survival rate was decreased as the serum PCT increased from <0.5 to ≥10 ng/mL, as was also the case with BNP from <300 to ≥300 pg./mL, whereas low Alb (<2.5 g/dL) showed a lower survival rate than high Alb (≥2.5 g/dL; P < 0.01). Using the Cox regression model, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) were as follows: PCT 0.5-2 versus <0.5 ng/mL: 1.61(1.04-2.49), PCT 2-10 versus <0.5 ng/mL: 1.91(1.15-3.16), PCT ≥10 versus <0.5 ng/mL: 2.90(1.84-4.59), high BNP 1.26 (0.89-1.76) and low Alb 0.68 (0.52-0.87). The mortality rate increased as the number of scores (PCT + BNP + Alb) increased. CONCLUSIONS: Concentration-dependent high PCT, high BNP and low Alb were positive risk factors associated with poor prognosis in hospitalized older patients with a risk of infection. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 571-576.
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Biomarcadores , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico , Pró-Calcitonina , Albumina Sérica , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Biomarcadores/sangue , Idoso , Japão/epidemiologia , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/sangue , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pró-Calcitonina/sangue , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Albumina Sérica/análise , Hospitalização , Medição de Risco/métodos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Fatores de Risco , Taxa de Sobrevida/tendências , Infecções/sangue , Infecções/mortalidade , População do Leste AsiáticoRESUMO
AIM: Although sarcopenia is common in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the neural substrates involved remain unclear. We investigated the relationship between sarcopenia, as well as its definition components, and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in older adults with progression of normal cognition to AD. METHODS: 99m Tc-ethyl-cysteinate-dimer single-photon emission computed tomography was carried out in 95 older adults with progression of normal cognition to AD (40 men and 55 women, mean ± SD age 80.9 ± 6.8 years). The associations of rCBF determined by 3-D stereotactic region of interest template software, with sarcopenia and its definition components, slower gait speed, weaker grip strength, and decline in appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) were analyzed. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis adjusted by age, sex, mini-mental state examination score and education showed that sarcopenia as well as ASMI less than the cut-off (men 7.0 kg/m2 , women 5.7 kg/m2 ) were associated with significantly reduced rCBF in the key hub of the central autonomic network, including the insula, anterior cingulate cortex, subcallosal area, rectal gyrus, hypothalamus, amygdala and caudate head. Sarcopenia and ASMI decline were associated with hypoperfusion in the aforementioned cortical hubs of the central autonomic network in men, but with hypoperfusion of the hypothalamus in women. Linear regression analysis showed significant correlations of ASMI/cut-off with rCBF in the bilateral medial frontal cortex, as well as rCBF in the aforementioned key hubs. CONCLUSIONS: Hypoperfusion in key hubs of central autonomic network is implicated in the emergence of sarcopenia, probably through ASMI decline in vulnerable older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 16-24.
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Doença de Alzheimer , Sarcopenia , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Cognição , Lobo Frontal , Músculo Esquelético/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The present cohort study investigated the relationship between participation in a secondary screening test for the frail elderly and the findings of this screening test, and the relationship between participation and new onset of the need for long-term care in the elderly. METHODS: A primary screening survey was conducted on all 4,050 functionally independent elderly people aged > or = 65 years living in Ishikawa Town, Japan. We included 3,150 subjects for analysis, dividing them into the following 3 groups: 1) non-frail elderly, 2) possible frail elderly who participated in the secondary screening test, and 3) possible frail elderly who did not participate in the secondary screening test. We used Cox's proportional hazards model to calculate the hazard ratios of new onset of the need for long-term care by the participating and non-participating groups as compared to the non-frail group over 2 years. RESULTS: The proportion of non-frail elderly and possible frail elderly was 72.7% (n=2,289) and 27.3% (n=861), respectively. The number of subjects who did not participate in the secondary screening test (n=582) were 2.1-fold greater than that of subjects who did (n=279). The prevalences of withdrawal and impaired instrumental activity of daily living were significantly higher in the non-participating group than in the participating group. During the 2-year follow-up period, 168 subjects developed the need for long-term care. The incidence of new onset of the need for long-term care for each group (/1,000 persons) was 24.0 in the non-frail group, 93.2 in the participating group, and 149.5 in the non-participating group. The hazard ratios of new onset of the need for long-term care were 2.55 (95% confidence interval, 1.59-4.10) for the participating group and 4.46 (3.15-6.32) for the non-participating group after adjustment for confounding factors, including sex, age, and type of household. The hazard ratios were 0.75 (0.41-1.37) for the participating group and 1.09 (0.65-1.82) for the non-participating group after additional adjustment for total points on the Kihon Checklist (a frailty checklist) for assessing the frail elderly. CONCLUSION: Compared to non-frail elderly, the possible frail elderly had an increased risk of developing the need for long-term care. Moreover, compared to the possible frail elderly who participated in the secondary screening test, the possible frail elderly who did not participate in the test had a further increased risk of developing the need for long-term care.
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Idoso Fragilizado , Avaliação Geriátrica/métodos , Assistência de Longa Duração , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , Programas de RastreamentoRESUMO
Frailty is an extremely common and serious health problem in the elderly. Frailty has been described as "a biologic syndrome of decreased reserve and resistance to stressors, resulting from cumulative declines across multiple physiologic systems and causing vulnerability to adverse health outcomes" by Fried and colleagues. Frailty is associated with incident falls, functional limitation, disability, and mortality. There are many reports that vitamin D deficiency may play roles in diabetes mellitus, cancers, multiple sclerosis, and other autoimmune diseases, and was associated with poorer physical performance, falls and fractures, and a greater risk of nursing home admission. Recently, researches suggest that vitamin D may provide treatment and prevention from these diseases lead to frailty. Vitamin D is expected to be a treatment for frailty in an aging society.
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Colecalciferol/uso terapêutico , Idoso Fragilizado , Deficiência de Vitamina D/complicações , Acidentes por Quedas/prevenção & controle , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Colecalciferol/administração & dosagem , Colecalciferol/fisiologia , Humanos , Osteoporose/tratamento farmacológico , Fraturas por Osteoporose/etiologia , Fraturas por Osteoporose/prevenção & controleRESUMO
The aim of osteoporosis treatment is to prevent future fractures. Although concurrent treatment has been used very frequently for osteoporosis in clinical practice, there are no data on accurate and verified effectiveness of concurrent treatment for fracture prevention in patients with osteoporosis. To clarify the clinical usefulness of concurrent treatment, the Japan Osteoporosis Society has authorized the establishment of the A-TOP (Adequate Treatment of Osteoporosis) research group. The objective of this research is to establish a design for a clinical trial to prove whether concurrent treatment using both alfacalcidol (1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol) and alendronate is more effective as compared to treatment using alendronate alone in terms of fracture prevention. The present study was named JOINT (Japanese Osteoporosis Intervention Trial) and is based on a method using national, prospective, randomized, open-labeled, blinded endpoints focusing on postmenopausal osteoporosis with a high risk for fracture. The patients were mainly selected by practitioners and allocated randomly by a central registration system into two groups, of which one received 5 mg/day of alendronate alone, and the other received 1 µg/day of 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (alfacalcidol) in addition to the alendronate. The endpoints focused primarily on fracture prevention, and the patients' quality of life (QOL) and change in body height, as well as adherence and the adverse events of the treatments were evaluated secondarily. To obtain sufficient statistical power in the events during a 2-year observation period, the patients who are expected to have higher risk were selected to participate in this study, and it was decided that the final plan would involve 890 patients per group (two-sided alpha = 0.05, power = 0.8). Data collection began in November 2003. Correspondence regarding the registration of the investigator and the progress of the study was conducted through a web system from the Public Health Research Foundation to practitioners.
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Alendronato/uso terapêutico , Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/uso terapêutico , Hidroxicolecalciferóis/uso terapêutico , Osteoporose/tratamento farmacológico , Absorciometria de Fóton , Idoso , Humanos , Japão , Fraturas por Osteoporose/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated disease that appears on the skin. It occurs when the immune system sends out faulty signals that speed up the growth cycle of skin cells. Psoriasis is typically a lifelong condition. There is currently no cure, but various treatments can help to control the symptoms. Activated vitamin D3 is the first-line treatment for psoriasis. Psoriasis is often treated with combination therapy of activated vitamin D3 and other treatment. Depending on the severity and location of outbreaks, individuals may experience significant physical discomfort and some disability. Thus, the goal for the treatment of psoriasis is to control the signs and symptoms over a long period and to ameliorate the quality of life of psoriasis patients.
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Colecalciferol/administração & dosagem , Psoríase/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Tópica , Colecalciferol/efeitos adversos , Colecalciferol/farmacologia , Clobetasol/administração & dosagem , Células Dendríticas , Quimioterapia Combinada , Humanos , Interleucina-23 , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II , Psoríase/imunologia , Qualidade de Vida , Retinoides/administração & dosagem , Células Th17 , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfaRESUMO
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4330.].
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BACKGROUND: Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is one of the helpful tools to diagnose depth of early gastric cancer (EGC). In this study, we examined efficiencies of EUS for EGC such as overall accuracy, risk factors of over/under-staging, and accuracies of each invasive distance. METHODS: A total of 403 EGC lesions that could be investigated by EUS during pre-operation and histological diagnosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) or surgery were enrolled in this study. For the 403 cases, we analyzed the accuracies of depth by conventional endoscopy (CE) and EUS retrospectively. We evaluated the clinical survey items of CE and EUS which will be described later to compare the differences between "accuracy group" and "over-staging group", and between "accuracy group" and "under-staging group", retrospectively. Additionally, 78 EGC lesions which were confined to the submucosa and for which it was possible to measure accurate invasive distance from the muscularis mucosae were examined for the relationship between preoperative diagnosis of depth by CE and EUS and invasive distance retrospectively. RESULTS: The overall accuracies of both CE and EUS in predicting EGC invasion depth were 87.3%. For CE staging, histological classification was the factor which influenced over-staging. Gastric regions and tumor area were the factors which influenced under-staging of CE. For EUS staging, tumor area was the factor which influenced over-staging, and gastric regions were the factors which influenced under-staging. Both CE and EUS were not sufficient for predicting the lesions confined to < 500 µm from the muscularis mucosae because the accuracies of both in predicting depth were less than 50%. However, EUS has a higher accuracy than CE for the lesions confined to 500 - 2,000 µm. CONCLUSIONS: The overall accuracies of both CE and EUS in predicting EGC invasion depth were equal, but the contributing factors for over/under-staging were different. Both CE and EUS are not sufficient at present to predict the lesions confined to < 500 µm from the muscularis mucosae. However, the accuracy of EUS in predicting them may increase if high-performance EUS systems are developed in the future.
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A 77-year-old man who underwent radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma 6 months prior consulted for esophageal obstruction. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed an esophageal ulcer caused by radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. He was treated with dietary counseling and vonoprazan. After 9 months, the ulcer improved but a moderate stenosis remained. Several factors such as high fraction size, history of chemotherapy, and stress associated with food intake might involve in the development of a radiation-associated ulcer. Opportunities to choose radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma may increase, so we hypothesize that esophageal ulcers might be a complication that should be noted associated with this therapy.
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AIM: Olfactory impairment as a prodromal symptom, as well as sarcopenia, frailty and dependence as geriatric syndromes, is often associated with cognitive decline in older adults with progression of Alzheimer's disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the associations of olfactory and cognitive decline with these geriatric syndromes, and with structural changes of the brain in older adults. METHODS: The participants were 135 older adults (47 men and 88 women, mean age 79.5 years), consisting of 64 with normal cognition, 23 with mild cognitive impairment and 48 with Alzheimer's disease. Olfactory function was evaluated by the Open Essence odor identification test. Shrinkage of the regional brain was determined by magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis with Open Essence, Mini-Mental State Examination, age and sex as covariates showed higher olfactory-cognitive index (|coefficient for Open Essence (a) / coefficient for Mini-Mental State Examination (b)|) in participants with sarcopenia (Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia), and lower values of (|a/b|) in participants with Barthel Index dependence, Kihon Checklist frailty, Lawton Index dependence and support/care-need certification as objective variables. Logistic regression analysis adjusted by age and sex also showed significant shrinkage of the frontal lobe in participants with AWGS sarcopenia, especially in women, and shrinkage of the medial temporal areas and global brain in participants with Kihon Checklist frailty/dependence. CONCLUSIONS: Olfactory-cognitive index (|a/b|) might be a useful tool to distinguish involvement of frontal lobe shrinkage, as in sarcopenia from shrinkage of the medial temporal areas, and global brain, as in frailty/dependence, in older adults with progression of normal cognition to Alzheimer's disease. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; â¢â¢: â¢â¢-â¢â¢.
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Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Lista de Checagem , Fragilidade , Lobo Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem , Avaliação Geriátrica/métodos , Atividades Cotidianas , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cognição , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Fragilidade/diagnóstico , Fragilidade/epidemiologia , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico , Sarcopenia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The cohort studies reported the subclinical vascular calcification including atheroslerosis starts during prediabetic state characterized by impaired fasting glucose. In the cardiovascular systems of diabetes mellitus there is an original mechanism to induce the medial calcification other than intimal calcification observed in the classical atherosclerosis. This is characterized as the ectipic osteogenesis induced by paracrine signals from inflammatory lesions in the adventitia. On the other hand, many internal systems have been discovered to inhibit vascular calcification.
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Calcinose/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Complicações do Diabetes , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamento farmacológico , Fosfatase Alcalina , Animais , Aterosclerose/etiologia , Vasos Sanguíneos/patologia , Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/uso terapêutico , Calcinose/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus/patologia , Proteínas de Homeodomínio , Humanos , Camundongos , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Comunicação Parácrina/fisiologia , Risco , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfaRESUMO
AIM: To clarify the association of cluster number and size of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in long-term care (LTC) hospitals/facilities, general medical/welfare facilities and non-medical/welfare facilities with morbidity and mortality in 47 prefectures during 16 January to 9 May 2020 in Japan. METHODS: Information on COVID-19 clusters (n ≥2), and morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 was collected. RESULTS: A total of 381 clusters with 3786 infected cases were collected, accounting for 23.9% of 15 852 cumulated cases on 9 May 2020. Although the cluster number (/107 subjects) in LTC hospitals/facilities was significantly smaller compared with those in the other two groups, the cluster size in LTC hospitals/facilities was significantly larger than that in non-medical/welfare facilities. Cluster numbers in general medical/welfare facilities and in non-medical/welfare facilities were significantly positively correlated with morbidity (/105 ), indicating relatively early identification of clusters in these facilities. Unlike in these facilities, cluster size in LTC hospitals/facilities was significantly positively correlated with morbidity, indicating that clusters in LTC hospitals/facilities were finally identified after already having grown to a large size in areas where infection was prevalent. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that both cluster number and cluster size only in LTC hospitals/facilities were independently associated with higher mortality (≥median 0.64/105 subjects) after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: Preventive efforts against COVID-19 outbreaks even at the early phase of the epidemic are critically important in LTC hospitals/facilities, as both the larger number and size of clusters only in LTC hospitals/facilities were independently linked to higher mortality in prefectures in Japan. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 715-719.
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Infecções por Coronavirus , Hospitais de Doenças Crônicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Assistência de Longa Duração , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral , Instituições de Cuidados Especializados de Enfermagem/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Betacoronavirus/isolamento & purificação , COVID-19 , Análise por Conglomerados , Infecções por Coronavirus/mortalidade , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Controle de Infecções/organização & administração , Japão/epidemiologia , Assistência de Longa Duração/métodos , Assistência de Longa Duração/organização & administração , Assistência de Longa Duração/tendências , Masculino , Mortalidade , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/mortalidade , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
BACKGROUND: We have reported that hypertension on admission in elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction is an independent predictor for the development of acute pneumonia. However, the relationship between blood pressure on admission owing to cerebral hemorrhage and the development of pneumonia has not been fully investigated. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between blood pressure levels on admission and the development of pneumonia in elderly patients with cerebral hemorrhage who were in the acute phase. METHODS: Subjects consisted of 117 elderly patients with cerebral hemorrhage who were in the acute phase and were emergently admitted to the Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University between 2005 and 2015 (59 males and 58 females, the mean age ± standard deviation (SD) of 80 ± 8 years, and the range of 65 - 98 years). Blood pressure levels on admission were classified into the following four groups: normal blood pressure/mild hypertension group (systolic blood pressure of < 160 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure of < 100 mm Hg), moderate hypertension group (systolic hypertension of 160 - 179 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of 100 - 109 mm Hg), severe hypertension group (systolic hypertension of 180 - 199 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of 110 - 119 mmHg), and serious hypertension group (systolic blood pressure of ≥ 200 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of ≥ 120 mm Hg). Between the two groups (group of patients with acute pneumonia and group of those with absence of pneumonia), age, sex, body mass index (BMI), history of stroke, history of heart disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, dyslipidemia, prehypertension, blood pressure on admission, Japan Coma Scale (JCS) on admission, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, bleeding sites, bleeding amount, and the presence or absence of centerline shift on brain computed tomography (CT) images were retrospectively evaluated. Furthermore, factors related to cerebral hemorrhage in the development of acute pneumonia in patients with cerebral hemorrhage were verified. RESULTS: Of the 117 patients, 30 (25.6%) had acute pneumonia. Age, sex, bleeding amount, midline shift, blood pressure classification on admission, JCS, white blood cell count, CRP, albumin, diabetes were adopted as confounding factors in the development of acute pneumonia. Results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed significant differences between these two groups in the following four items: CRP, white blood cell count, JCS, and blood pressure classification on admission. After adjustment of these confounding factors, the incidence of acute pneumonia in the blood pressure groups other than serious hypertension group was set as 1, and the odds ratio of pneumonia onset in serious hypertension group was revealed to be 5.54, with the 95% confidence interval of 1.49 - 20.6. CONCLUSIONS: We found that serious hypertension on admission is a risk factor for the development of acute pneumonia in elderly patients with cerebral hemorrhage who are in the acute phase.
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BACKGROUND: The main purpose of this study is to exhaustively explore risk factors, including age, gender, and several clinical indices, for mortality in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture and to evaluate some of them using survival analyses. METHODS: This was a retrospective study tracking 1 year for vital prognosis. Data were collected at post-operation from medical records of the cases. Survival analysis was conducted to investigate the risk factors for death, including albumin, urinary retention, activity of daily living (ADL), and cognitive disorder. RESULTS: We recruited 318 patients with a history of hip surgery carried out at Toyama Municipal Hospital, in which 39 patients died for 1 year after discharge. The results showed a significant decrease in survival rate in low albumin, positive urinary retention, and low ADL (P < 0.01, by log-rank test). The hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of albumin, urinary retention, ADL, and cognitive disorder were 0.36 (0.19 - 0.69), 0.4 (0.2 - 0.8), 0.29 (0.15 - 0.58) and 0.65 (0.32 - 1.29), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that albumin, urinary retention and ADL were the important risk factors for mortality, and suggested that the postoperative management of albumin, urinary retention and ADL is important, especially in elderly female patients receiving surgery of femoral neck and trochanteric fractures.
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Aspiration pneumonia (AP) has been recognized as one of the most common postoperative complications after hip surgery in elderly. The objective of the present study was to evaluate risk for postoperative complications of AP in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures.We recruited 426 patients (age 84.9â±â7.4 years) with a history of hip surgery carried out at Toyama Municipal Hospital. AP occurred in 18 out of 426 cases (4.23%). Statistical test has found significant differences in age, gender, serum albumin level, and cognitive impairment, between AP and non-AP groups. Subsequently multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the risk factors for AP, including age, gender, serum albumin, cognitive impairment, and activities of daily living (ADL). Adjusted odds ratio showed significant differences in age, gender, and serum albumin, whereas no significant differences were found in cognitive impairment and ADL.This study suggested that serum albumin seemed to be a risk factor for AP but were necessary to assess under adjustment of confounding factors, including age and gender. Monitoring serum albumin level seemed to be important for the postoperative management of AP, especially in elderly patients receiving surgery of femoral neck and trochanteric fractures.
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Fraturas do Colo Femoral/complicações , Pneumonia Aspirativa/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Fraturas do Colo Femoral/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Pneumonia Aspirativa/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Albumina Sérica , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with iodine stain is a useful and diffused method for diagnosing esophageal cancer. We can perform the procedure easily with endoscopic system which does not comprise image-enhanced endoscopy. Several studies advocated that iodine-unstained streaks are a characteristic finding of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, there are only a few reports about the subject. In this study, we investigated the usefulness of iodine chromoendoscopy for GERD consultation. METHODS: The study was conducted with 154 GERD cases in which EGD with iodine stain to the esophagus was performed. For the 154 cases, we analyzed the existence of reflux esophagitis finding and iodine-unstained streaks. In 47 GERD cases (proton pump inhibitor (PPI): 45 cases, histamine H2-receptor antagonist (H2-RA): two cases) where medication was started after EGD, we examined predictive factors of the symptom improvement such as sex, age, weight, reflux esophagitis finding, and iodine-unstained streak. RESULTS: An iodine-unstained streak was observed in 50/154 cases (32.5%). For 50 cases with iodine-unstained streak, there were only 24/50 cases (48.0%) that had both reflux esophagitis findings (≥ Los Angeles classification: grade M) and an iodine-unstained streak. For 47 cases in which medication was started, 34 cases showed improvement in their symptoms, and 13 cases did not show improvement. An iodine-unstained streak was observed more often in "Improved" group rather than in "Not improved" group (P < 0.01). When we supposed an iodine-unstained streak to be the predictive factor of the medication effect for GERD, sensitivity was 61.8% and specificity was 84.6%. CONCLUSIONS: No erosion was often found in the GERD cases without reflux esophagitis, and iodine-unstained streak was observed more often in "Improved" group rather than in "Not improved" group. We think that iodine-unstained streak can be useful for diagnosing of GERD and predictive factor of the medication effect.
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We investigated changes in blood pressure (BP) and metabolic adverse effects, especially elevation of uric acid (UA), after treatment with a thiazide-like diuretic (TD) in patients with essential hypertension. Furthermore, the role of genetic factors in the elevation of UA by TD was assessed by a 500 K SNP DNA microarray. The subjects included 126 hypertensive patients (57 women and 69 men, mean age 59 ± 12 years) who registered for the GEANE (Gene Evaluation for ANtihypertensive Effects) study. After one month of the nontreatment period, TD, indapamide, angiotensin II receptor antagonist valsartan, and Ca channel blocker amlodipine were administered to all patients for 3 months each in a randomized crossover manner. BP, renal function, serum UA level, and electrolytes were measured at baseline and at the end of each treatment period. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with UA elevation after treatment with indapamide were investigated by a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Indapamide significantly decreased both office and home BP levels. Treatment with indapamide also significantly reduced the estimated glomerular filtration rate and serum potassium and increased serum UA. Patients whose UA level increased more than 1 mg/dl showed significantly higher baseline office SBP and plasma glucose and showed greater decline in renal function compared with those who showed less UA increase (<1 mg/dl). Some SNPs strongly associated with an increase in UA after treatment with indapamide were identified. This study is the first report on SNPs associated with UA elevation after TD treatment. This information may be useful for the prevention of adverse effects after treatment with TD.
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Diuréticos/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão Essencial/genética , Indapamida/uso terapêutico , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Ácido Úrico/sangue , Idoso , Anlodipino/farmacologia , Anlodipino/uso terapêutico , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/farmacologia , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/farmacologia , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Estudos Cross-Over , Diuréticos/farmacologia , Hipertensão Essencial/sangue , Hipertensão Essencial/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Humanos , Indapamida/farmacologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valsartana/farmacologia , Valsartana/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
AIM: Individuals with olfactory or gustatory impairment often have associated difficulties with food-related activities. As both functions decline in older adults, we investigated the association of these impairments with sarcopenia/frailty indexes in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: A total of 141 participants (69 men and 72 women, mean age 73.0 years) were enrolled. Odor identification was examined using the Open Essence test. Salty and sweet tastes were assessed using a whole-mouth gustatory test. Participants underwent evaluation of the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) by InBody720 and grip strength, and determination of the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures frailty index. RESULTS: Participants with olfactory impairment (Open Essence ≤7), but not with gustatory impairment, showed a significantly higher prevalence of ASMI and grip strength less than the cut-off values recommended by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, and Study of Osteoporotic Fractures frailty and/or pre-frailty status, compared with those without impairment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significant association of olfactory impairment with ASMI less than the cut-off value, grip strength less than the cut-off value, Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia sarcopenia and pre-frailty/frailty in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures index in the whole population, and with ASMI less than the cut-off value and Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia sarcopenia in women, after adjustment. Three (Japanese cypress, wood and roasted garlic) and four (Japanese orange, India ink, menthol and curry) Open Essence odorants were elucidated as the "sarcopenia subset" and "frailty subset," respectively, and showed higher ability to identify sarcopenia and frailty status, compared with the remaining five odorants. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that olfactory impairment is closely associated with sarcopenia and/or frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 384-391.
Assuntos
Agnosia , Fragilidade , Sarcopenia , Idoso , Agnosia/diagnóstico , Agnosia/epidemiologia , Agnosia/fisiopatologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Correlação de Dados , Feminino , Fragilidade/diagnóstico , Fragilidade/epidemiologia , Fragilidade/fisiopatologia , Avaliação Geriátrica/métodos , Humanos , Vida Independente/estatística & dados numéricos , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Força Muscular , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatologia , Prevalência , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico , Sarcopenia/epidemiologia , Sarcopenia/fisiopatologia , PaladarRESUMO
AIM: Despite efforts toward health promotion and preventive care for older adults, including health checkups and postal Kihon Checklist survey, one fifth of community-dwelling older adults do not participate in them. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between this non-participation and the end of certification-free survival in older adults. METHODS: In a cohort of 4120 older adults with no prior history of Long-Term Care Insurance certification, the associations of non-participation with risk of later death without certification and support/care-need certification for 72 months were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards analysis. RESULTS: Of them, 4022 (mean age 72.7 years, 54.7% women) were followed up (97.6%). At baseline, 1072 received health checkups, 2085 replied to the Kihon Checklist alone and 865 did not participate. During 72 months, 310 deaths without certification and 701 certifications occurred. After adjustment, non-participating individuals had significantly higher hazard ratios for death up to 72 months and for certification up to 36 months, compared with the other two groups. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed associations of increasing incidence of certification due to stroke in pre-old (aged 65-74 years) men for 72 months, and due to arthralgia/fracture and dementia in old (aged ≥75 years) women for 24 months, with non-participation in health promotions. Certified non-participating individuals incurred higher estimated Long-Term Care Insurance expenditure per person for 72 months, especially in pre-old men and old women. CONCLUSIONS: Health promotion by health checkup and even Kihon Checklist survey increases certification-free survival in older residents, and decreases Long-Term Care Insurance expenditure. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1206-1214.