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1.
Stat Med ; 33(16): 2774-96, 2014 Jul 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24573921

RESUMO

New diagnoses of HIV infection were reported confidentially to the Public Health Laboratory Service AIDS Centre under a national voluntary surveillance scheme. Two sets of data drawn from the national data sets were made available to us for analysis, the first in 1991 and the second in 1994, by which time the replication of reports had been reduced. The data used in the analyses consisted of the numbers of replications of the reported full date of birth in the individual records (one, two, three and so on), for each year of birth. This paper uses a nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation method for quantifying the amount of replication in the data. The estimated amount of replication was 3.37% (95% confidence interval (0.98%, 11.83%)) in the 1991 data set and 0.58% (95% confidence interval (0%, 2.64%)) in the 1994 data set.


Assuntos
Viés , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Vigilância da População , Intervalos de Confiança , Conjuntos de Dados como Assunto , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Funções Verossimilhança , Reino Unido/epidemiologia
2.
AIDS ; 17(11): 1683-90, 2003 Jul 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12853751

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology of HIV infection acquired in Africa and among African communities in the United Kingdom. DESIGN: Descriptive analysis using national HIV and AIDS surveillance data, routine voluntary confidential HIV reporting and unlinked anonymous seroprevalence surveys in the United Kingdom to the end of December 2001. RESULTS: Of all reported HIV infections diagnosed in the United Kingdom by the end of 2001, 21% (9993 of 48,226) were probably acquired in Africa and 90% of these infections were heterosexually acquired. Numbers of diagnoses of HIV infection acquired in Africa have been increasing rapidly, with rises in infections from southeastern and southern Africa predominating recently. Among those living with diagnosed HIV infection in 2000, 23% (4883 of 21,291) were described as black African, 81% of whom lived in London. The proportion living in London has declined over successive prevalence surveys. CONCLUSIONS: Infections acquired in Africa and among Africans are making an increasing contribution to HIV infection in the United Kingdom. Migration, diagnosis of long-standing infection and incident cases are all potential influences, but they are difficult to measure. Improvement in early diagnosis of HIV continues to be an important component of intervention to prevent onward vertical and sexual transmission and to promote access to treatment and care.


Assuntos
Emigração e Imigração , Infecções por HIV , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , África Subsaariana/epidemiologia , África Subsaariana/etnologia , Ásia/etnologia , População Negra , Transfusão de Sangue , Coito , Surtos de Doenças , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Homossexualidade , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Prevalência , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa , Reino Unido/epidemiologia
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