Cost-consequence analysis of ofatumumab for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Canada.

Aim: The costs and consequences of initial and delayed ofatumumab treatment were evaluated in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis with active disease in Canada. Materials & methods: A Markov cohort model was used (10-year horizon, annual cycle length, 1.5% discounting). Scenario analyses examined ofatumumab as first-line treatment versus 3 and 5 years following switch from commonly used first-line therapies. Results: Ofatumumab resulted in improvements in clinical outcomes (relapses and disease progression) and productivity (employment and full-time work), and reduction of economic burden (administration, monitoring and non-drug costs) that were comparable to other high-efficacy therapies (ocrelizumab, cladribine and natalizumab). Switching to ofatumumab earlier in the disease course may improve these outcomes. Conclusion: Results highlight the value of a high-efficacy therapy such as ofatumumab as initial treatment (i.e., first-line) in newly diagnosed relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients with active disease.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Ofatumumab for the Treatment of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in Canada.

BACKGROUND: Ofatumumab is a high-efficacy disease-modifying therapy (DMT) approved for first-line treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in Canada. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost effectiveness of ofatumumab from a Canadian healthcare system perspective. METHODS: A Markov cohort model was run over 65 years using annual cycles, 1.5% annual discount rate, and 100% treatment discontinuation at 10 years. The British Columbia database informed natural history transition probabilities. Treatment efficacy for DMTs were sourced from a network meta-analysis. Clinical trial data were used to estimate probabilities for treatment-related adverse events. Health utilities and costs were obtained from Canadian sources (if available) and the literature. RESULTS: Among first-line indicated therapies for RRMS, ofatumumab was dominant (more effective, lower costs) over teriflunomide, interferons, dimethyl fumarate, and ocrelizumab. Compared with glatiramer acetate and best supportive care, ofatumumab resulted in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of $24,189 Canadian dollars per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) and $28,014/QALY, respectively. At a willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000/QALY, ofatumumab had a 64.3% probability of being cost effective. Among second-line therapies (scenario analysis), ofatumumab dominated natalizumab and fingolimod and resulted in an ICER of $50,969 versus cladribine. CONCLUSIONS: Ofatumumab is cost effective against all comparators and dominant against all currently approved and reimbursed first-line DMTs for RRMS, except glatiramer acetate.

A retrospective claims analysis: Compliance and discontinuation rates among Canadian patients with multiple sclerosis treated with disease-modifying therapies.

BACKGROUND: Compliance to disease modifying therapy (DMT) is associated with a reduced risk of relapse, lower healthcare resource utilization, and improved health-related quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Our objective was to assess the compliance and discontinuation rates of fingolimod relative to other oral, injectable, and infusible DMTs available on the market at the time of the study in Canada in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). METHODS AND FINDINGS: We conducted a retrospective claims analysis. Patients with RRMS with ≥ 1 prescription for each DMT were included. Compliance (medication possession ratio of ≥ 80%) and discontinuation (gap > 30 days from the end of the index prescription) were calculated at the 6-, 12- and 24-month time points. Compliance with fingolimod at the 6-, 12- and 24-month time points was 75%, 75% and 70%, respectively; compared with DMF [70% (P < 0.001), 68% (P < 0.001), and 56% (P < 0.001), respectively], and BRACE [53% (P < 0.001), 47% (P < 0.001), and 35% (P < 0.001), respectively]. Compliance with fingolimod was comparable to teriflunomide at each time point, but was higher compared to natalizumab [70% versus 57% (P < 0.001)] at the 24-month time point. At the 6-, 12- and 24-month time points, patients on fingolimod had the lowest discontinuation rate (26%, 24%, and 29%, respectively) compared to BRACE [49% (P < 0.001), 44% (P < 0.001), and 57% (P < 0.001)], respectively], and natalizumab [33% (P < 0.001), 29% (P < 0.001), and 45% (P < 0.001), respectively], and was similar to teriflunomide (26%, 25%, and 31%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The compliance rate in fingolimod treated patients at the 24 month time point was higher than that observed in natalizumab treated patients. The discontinuation rate was lower with fingolimod compared to other DMTs at all time points but was similar to teriflunomide.