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BACKGROUND: Current recommendations regarding the use of surgical left atrial appendage (LAA) closure to prevent thromboembolisms lack high-level evidence. Patients undergoing open-heart surgery often have several cardiovascular risk factors and a high occurrence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF)-with a high recurrence rate-and are thus at a high risk of stroke. Therefore, we hypothesized that concomitant LAA closure during open-heart surgery will reduce mid-term risk of stroke independently of preoperative AF status and CHA2DS2-VASc score. METHODS: This protocol describes a randomized multicenter trial. Consecutive participants ≥18 years scheduled for first-time planned open-heart surgery from cardiac surgery centers in Denmark, Spain, and Sweden are included. Both patients with a previous diagnosis of paroxysmal or chronic AF, as well as those without AF, are eligible to participate, irrespective of their CHA2DS2-VASc score. Patients already planned for ablation or LAA closure during surgery, with current endocarditis, or where follow-up is not possible are considered noneligible. Patients are stratified by site, surgery type, and preoperative or planned oral anticoagulation treatment. Subsequently, patients are randomized 1:1 to either concomitant LAA closure or standard care (ie, open LAA). The primary outcome is stroke, including transient ischemic attack, as assigned by 2 independent neurologists blinded to the treatment allocation. To recognize a 60% relative risk reduction of the primary outcome with LAA closure, 1,500 patients are randomized and followed for 2 years (significance level of 0.05 and power of 90%). CONCLUSIONS: The LAACS-2 trial is likely to impact the LAA closure approach in most patients undergoing open-heart surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT03724318.
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Apêndice Atrial , Fibrilação Atrial , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Fibrilação Atrial/cirurgia , Fibrilação Atrial/diagnóstico , Apêndice Atrial/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/prevenção & controle , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Estudos Multicêntricos como AssuntoRESUMO
AIMS: Reflex vasovagal syncope (VVS) is the most common cause of syncope and patients with recurrent episodes may severely impair quality of life (QoL). This pre-specified analysis evaluated whether the clinically significant reduction in syncope burden demonstrated by dual-chamber pacing with closed loop stimulation (DDD-CLS) reported in the SPAIN trial translates into improved QoL. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients aged ≥40 years with ≥5 VVS episodes and cardioinhibitory response induced by head-up tilt testing were included. Patients were randomized 1:1 to active DDD-CLS pacing algorithm for 12 months followed by sham DDI mode for the remaining 12 months (Group A) or vice versa (Group B). QoL was assessed using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) health survey, Physical Component Score (PCS), and Mental Component Score (MCS) before randomization (baseline) and at 12- and 24-month follow-up. Fifty-four patients were enrolled from 11 participating centres. No significant carryover effect was detected for any variable, and the only period effect was observed in the vitality subdomain (P = 0.033). Mean SF-36 scores were higher in the DDD-CLS group vs. the DDI group for the eight subdomains and significantly different in physical role, bodily pain, and vitality (P < 0.05). The analysis of component summary scores indicated that DDD-CLS benefited both mental and physical components with significant differences in PCS when compared with the DDI group. CONCLUSION: Dual-chamber pacing with closed loop stimulation determined a significant and clinically relevant improvement in QoL across both mental and physical components in patients with recurrent VVS. REGISTRATION: Closed Loop Stimulation for Neuromediated Syncope (SPAIN Study); NCT01621464.
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Qualidade de Vida , Síncope Vasovagal , Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial , Humanos , Recidiva , Reflexo , Espanha , Síncope Vasovagal/diagnóstico , Síncope Vasovagal/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency ablation (RF) of ventricular tachycardia (VT) due to intramural foci has a high recurrence rate. Several techniques, such as bipolar ablation, irrigated needle ablation catheter, and retrograde coronary venous ethanol ablation have been suggested. Transarterial coronary ethanol ablation (TCEA) can also be effective. We present a case series of TCEA guided with preprocedural imaging to correlated coronary arteries and the intramural substrate. METHODS AND RESULTS: We present three consecutive patients with previous RF of septal VT (100% male; age, 72.6 ± 11.01 years; two patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, one with mechanical aortic valve prosthesis) that underwent TCEA. Cardiac magnetic resonance was performed in two patients and cardiac CT in all patients. Correlation of septal arteries with intramural substrate was analyzed before the procedure so TCEA was attempted according to this analysis. After last TCEA (6.3 ± 2.08 months) the VT burden was reduced in all patients (sum of all implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapies [antitachycardia pacing and shock] before and after TCEA, 15.8 ± 3.73 vs 0.97 ± 0.63 therapies/month; P = 0.02). No complications occurred during TCEA. CONCLUSIONS: TCEA completely guided with previous magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scan to select the coronary artery in relation to the substrate seems to be feasible as an alternative strategy in cases of intramural VT refractory to RF ablation.
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Técnicas de Ablação , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , Angiografia Coronária/métodos , Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Etanol/administração & dosagem , Imagem Cinética por Ressonância Magnética , Tomografia Computadorizada Multidetectores , Taquicardia Ventricular/cirurgia , Septo Interventricular/cirurgia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Humanos , Injeções Intra-Arteriais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Taquicardia Ventricular/diagnóstico por imagem , Taquicardia Ventricular/fisiopatologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Septo Interventricular/diagnóstico por imagem , Septo Interventricular/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Historically, the majority of insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) procedures were performed in the cardiac catheterization (cath) lab, electrophysiology (EP) lab, or operating room (OR). The miniaturization of ICMs allows the procedure to be relocated within the hospital without compromising patient safety. We sought to estimate the rate of untoward events associated with procedures performed within the hospital but outside the traditional settings and to characterize resource utilization, procedure time intervals, and physician experience. METHODS: The Reveal LINQ in-Office 2 (RIO 2) International study was a single arm, multicenter, prospective study. Patients indicated for an ICM and willing to undergo device insertion outside the cath/EP lab or OR were eligible and followed for 90 days after insertion. RESULTS: A total of 191 patients (45.5% female aged 63.8 ± 26.9 years) underwent successful Reveal LINQ ICM insertion at 17 centers in Europe, Canada and Australia. The median total visit duration was 106 min (interquartile range [IQR]: 55-61). Patient preparation and patient education accounted for 10 min (IQR: 5-20) and 10 min (IQR: 8-15) of total visit duration, respectively. Preparation and education occurred in the procedure room for 90.6 and 60.2% of patients, respectively. There were no untoward events (0.0, 95% CI: 0.0-2.1%) though four patients presented with procedure-related adverse events that did not require invasive intervention. Physicians rated procedure location as convenient or very convenient. CONCLUSIONS: The Reveal LINQ™ ICM insertion can be safely and efficiently performed in the hospital outside the cath/EP lab or OR. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02412488 ; registered on April 9, 2015.
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Eletrocardiografia Ambulatorial/instrumentação , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios , Transdutores , Tecnologia sem Fio/instrumentação , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Austrália , Canadá , Desenho de Equipamento , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Miniaturização , Duração da Cirurgia , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Segurança do Paciente , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Tempo , Fluxo de TrabalhoRESUMO
Aim: Intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia (IART) is a common complication in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) and is related to increased morbidity and mortality. Few reports have been published about factors associated to IART severity. The aim of this study is to analyse factors associated to severe clinical presentation of IART. Methods and Results: Observational study of all consecutive CHD patients who underwent a first IART ablation from January 2009 to December 2015 (94 patients, 39.4% female, and age: 36.55 ± 14.9 years). Severe clinical presentation was defined as heart failure, syncope, shock, electromechanical dissociation (EMD), or aborted sudden death. The majority of patients had moderately or highly complex cardiac defect (90.4%). Types of IART included cavotricuspid isthmus(CTI) dependent in 51% (48), non-CTI-related in 22.3% (20), and both types in 27.7% (26). In 38 patients (40.4%), a severe event occurred and in 16 (17%), the symptoms included shock, syncope, sudden death, or EMD. In 21 (22.3%), severe symptoms were the first manifestation of IART. In multivariate analysis, transposition of the great arteries (TGA) with right systemic ventricle (OR 5.32, 95% C.I. 1.6-7.02, P = 0.0005) and severe dilation of the venous atrium (VsA) (OR 4.17; 95% CI 1.4-8.12, P = 0.0009) were factors independently associated with severity. Conclusion: In our series of 94 CHD patients with a high proportion of moderately to highly complex cardiac defects, severe consequences of IART were frequent. Transposition of the great arteries with systemic right ventricle and severe dilation of VsA were independently associated to severity. Early invasive procedures should be considered for these high-risk patients.
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Cardiopatias Congênitas/complicações , Taquicardia Supraventricular/etiologia , Potenciais de Ação , Adulto , Ablação por Cateter , Ecocardiografia , Eletrocardiografia , Técnicas Eletrofisiológicas Cardíacas , Feminino , Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Taquicardia Supraventricular/diagnóstico , Taquicardia Supraventricular/fisiopatologia , Taquicardia Supraventricular/cirurgia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The implantable loop recorder (ILR) is a useful tool for diagnosing paroxysmal conditions potentially related to arrhythmias. Most investigations have focused on selected clinical studies or high-volume centers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the indications and outcomes of the ILR in real clinical practice. METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a prospective, multicenter registry of patients undergoing ILR implantation for clinical indications (April 2006-December 2008). Clinical characteristics (symptoms, arrhythmias, treatments) were recorded in a database. Follow-up data at 1 year or after the occurrence of the first episode were also recorded. Total enrollment: 743 patients (male, 413, 55.6%; 64.9 ± 16 years); 228 (30.7%) had structural heart disease (SHD), and 183 (24.6%), bundle branch block (BBB). Recurrent syncope (76.4%) was the most common indication for implantation. Complete follow-up was obtained for 680 patients (91.5%). Three hundred and twenty-five patients (48%) presented 414 events, with a final diagnosis in 230 patients (70.8% of patients with events; 33.1% of patients with follow-up). Syncope secondary to bradyarrhythmia was the most frequent diagnosis. Similar rates of final diagnoses were noted in subgroups of SHD, BBB and normal heart. Regarding the cause of implantation, higher event rates were registered among patients with recurrent syncope. CONCLUSIONS: One-third of patients obtained a final diagnosis with the ILR, independent of the baseline characteristics. Only the cause of implantation provided different rates of final diagnosis.
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Arritmias Cardíacas , Bases de Dados Factuais , Eletrodos Implantados , Sistema de Registros , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Arritmias Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Arritmias Cardíacas/etiologia , Arritmias Cardíacas/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , EspanhaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Patients with a single syncopal episode (SSE) and complete bundle branch block (cBBB) are frequently managed more conservatively than patients with recurrent episodes (RSE). The objective of this study was to analyze if there are differences between patients with single or recurrent unexplained syncope and cBBB in arrhythmic risk, the diagnostic yield of tests, and clinical outcomes. METHODS: Cohort study of consecutive patients with unexplained syncope and cBBB with a median follow-up time of 3 years. The patients were evaluated via a stepwise workup protocol based on electrophysiological study (EPS) and long-term follow-up with an implantable cardiac monitor. RESULTS: Of the 503 patients included in the study, 238 (47.3%) had had only 1 syncopal episode. The risk of an arrhythmic syncope was similar in both groups (58.8% in SSE vs 57.0% in RSE; P=.68), also after adjustment for possible confounding variables (HR, 1.06; 95%CI, 0.81-1.38; P=.674). No significant differences between the groups were found in the EPS results and implantable cardiac monitor diagnostic yield. A total of 141 (59.2%) patients with SSE and 154 (58.1%) patients with RSE required cardiac device implantation (P=.797). After appropriate treatment, 35 (7%) patients had recurrence of syncope. The recurrence rate and mortality were also similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with cBBB and unexplained syncope are at high risk of an arrhythmic etiology, even after the first syncopal episode. Patients with SSE and RSE have a similar arrhythmic risk and similar outcomes, and therefore there is no clinical justification for not managing them in the same manner.
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Arritmias Cardíacas , Bloqueio de Ramo , Humanos , Bloqueio de Ramo/complicações , Bloqueio de Ramo/diagnóstico , Bloqueio de Ramo/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Arritmias Cardíacas/complicações , Arritmias Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Arritmias Cardíacas/epidemiologia , Síncope/diagnóstico , Síncope/epidemiologia , Síncope/etiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Electrical isolation of pulmonary veins (PV) with high-power short-duration (HPSD) radiofrequency application (RFa) may reduce the duration of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, without compromising the procedural efficacy and safety in comparison with the conventional approach. This hypothesis has been generated in several observational studies; the POWER FAST III will test it in a randomized multicenter clinical trial. METHODS: It is a multicenter randomized, open-label and non-inferiority clinical trial with two parallel groups. AF ablation using 70 W and 9-10 s RFa is compared with the conventional technique using 25-40 W RFa guided by numerical lesion indexes. The main efficacy objective is the incidence of atrial arrhythmia recurrences electrocardiographically documented during 1-year follow-up. The main safety objective is the incidence of endoscopically detected esophageal thermal lesions (EDEL). This trial includes a substudy of incidence of asymptomatic cerebral lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after ablation. RESULTS: A randomized clinical trial compares for the first time high-power short-duration and conventional ablation in order to obtain data about the efficacy and safety of the high-power technique in an adequate methodological context. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the POWER FAST III could support the use of the high-power short-duration ablation in clinical practice. REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NTC04153747.
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Objective: To analyze if there are sex-related differences in patients with unexplained syncope and bundle branch block (BBB). Background: Despite increasing awareness that sex is a major determinant of the incidence, etiology, and the outcomes of different arrhythmias, no studies have examined differences in presentation and outcomes between men and women with syncope and BBB. Methods: Cohort study of consecutive patients with unexplained syncope and BBB was included from January 2010 to January 2021 with a median follow-up time of 3.4 years [interquartile range (IQR) 1.7-6.0 years]. They were evaluated by a stepwise workup protocol based on electrophysiological study (EPS) and long-term follow-up with an implantable cardiac monitor (ICM). Results: Of the 443 patients included in the study, 165 (37.2%) were women. Compared with men, women had less diabetes (25.5 vs. 39.9%, p = 0.002) and less history of ischemic heart disease (IHD; 13.3 vs. 25.9%, p = 0.002). Left bundle branch block (LBBB) was more frequent in women (55.2 vs. 27.7%, p < 0.001) while right bundle branch block (RBBB) was more frequent in men (41.5 vs. 67.7%, p < 0.001). His to ventricle (HV) interval in the EPS was shorter in women (58 ms [IQR 52-71] vs. 60 ms [IQR 52-73], p = 0.035) and less women had an HV interval longer than 70 ms (28.5 vs. 38.1%, p = 0.039), however, EPS and ICM offered a similar diagnostic yield in both sexes (40.6 vs. 48.9% and 48.4% vs. 51.1%, respectively). Women had a lower risk of developing atrioventricular block (AVB) (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.44-95% CI 0.26-0.74, p = 0.002) and of requiring permanent pacemaker implantation (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.72-95% CI: 0.52-0.99, p = 0.046). The mortality rate was lower in women (4.5 per 100 person-years [95% CI 3.1-6.4 per 100 person-years] vs. 7.3 per 100 person-years [95% CI 5.9-9.1 per 100 person-years]). Conclusions: Compared to men, women with unexplained syncope and BBB have a lower risk of AVB and of requiring cardiac pacing. A stepwise diagnostic approach has a similar diagnostic yield in both sexes, and it seems appropriate to guide the treatment and avoid unnecessary pacemaker implantation, especially in women.
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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Risk stratification of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) remains unresolved. We aimed to identify right ventricular (RV) electrophysiological parameters potentially associated with a higher risk of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with rTOF. METHODS: We included all consecutive patients with rTOF who underwent RV electroanatomical mapping at a single tertiary center. We used logistic regression modeling to identify those variables associated with an increased risk of clinical or induced ventricular tachycardia (VT), or clinical VT exclusively. RESULTS: Twenty-one of the 56 patients included had clinical or induced VT. A high-frequency of premature ventricular contractions/nonsustained VT (OR, 11.34; 95%CI, 1.50-85.97; P=.019), an HV interval > 55 ms (OR, 21.20; 95%CI, 3.12-144.14; P=.002), and RV activation time (ms) (OR [per 10ms intervals], 1.34; 95%CI, 1.02-1.75; P=.035) proved to be associated with clinical or induced VT. The model including this information had good discrimination ability, with an area under the curve of 0.884 (95%CI, 0.79-0.97; P <.001). When considering only clinical VT as the outcome of interest, only an HV interval > 55ms (OR, 9.65; 95%CI, 1.41-66.14; P=.021) and high-frequency of premature ventricular contractions/nonsustained VT (OR, 13.14; 95%CI, 1.95-88.54; P=.008) were independently associated (area under the curve of 0.836 [95%CI, 0.663-1.000; P=.002]). CONCLUSIONS: High-frequency of premature ventricular contractions/nonsustained VT, an HV interval> 55ms and RV activation time are factors associated with an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with rTOF.
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Taquicardia Ventricular , Tetralogia de Fallot , Complexos Ventriculares Prematuros , Ventrículos do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Medição de Risco , Taquicardia Ventricular/diagnóstico , Taquicardia Ventricular/epidemiologia , Taquicardia Ventricular/etiologia , Tetralogia de Fallot/cirurgia , Complexos Ventriculares Prematuros/diagnóstico , Complexos Ventriculares Prematuros/epidemiologia , Complexos Ventriculares Prematuros/etiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Severe aortic stenosis (AoS) is considered a primary cause of syncope. However, other mechanisms may be present in these patients and accurate diagnosis can have important clinical implications. The aim of this study is to assess the different etiologies of syncope in patients with severe AoS and the impact on prognosis of attaining a certain or highly probable diagnosis for the syncope. METHODS: Out of a cohort of 331 patients with AoS and syncope, 61 had severe AoS and were included in the study. Main cause of syncope and adverse cardiac events were assessed. RESULTS: In 40 patients (65.6%), we reached a certain or highly probable diagnosis of the main cause of the syncope. AoS was considered the primary cause of the syncope in only 7 patients (17.5% of the patients with known etiology). Atrioventricular block (14 patients, 35.0%) and vasovagal syncope (6 patients, 15.0%) were the most frequently diagnosed causes. The presence of a known cause for syncope during the admission was not associated with a lower incidence of recurrence during follow-up (hazard ratio [HR] 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.20-2.40). Syncope of unknown etiology was independently associated with greater mortality during 1-year follow-up (HR 5.4, 95% CI 1.3-21.6) and 3-year follow-up (HR 3.5, 95% CI 1.2-10.3). CONCLUSIONS: In a high proportion of patients with severe AoS admitted for syncope, the valvulopathy was not the main cause of the syncope. Syncope in two-thirds of this population was caused by either bradyarrhythmia or reflex causes. Syncope of unknown cause was associated with increased short- and medium-term mortality, independently from treatment of the valve disease. An exhaustive work-up should be conducted to determine the main cause for syncope.
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Estenose da Valva Aórtica , Bloqueio Atrioventricular , Síncope Vasovagal , Síncope , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/complicações , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/fisiopatologia , Bloqueio Atrioventricular/complicações , Bloqueio Atrioventricular/diagnóstico , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mortalidade , Recidiva , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Espanha/epidemiologia , Síncope/diagnóstico , Síncope/etiologia , Síncope/mortalidade , Síncope/fisiopatologia , Síncope Vasovagal/diagnóstico , Síncope Vasovagal/etiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Syncope in patients with mid-range left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) can be due to potentially serious arrhythmic causes. However, there is no clear consensus on the best way to manage these patients. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to determine the causes of syncope and assess the diagnostic yield and safety of a stepwise workup protocol in this population. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study. A stepwise workup protocol was applied to patients with LVEF 35%-50% and unexplained syncope after the initial assessment (step 1). RESULTS: One hundred four patients were included {median age 75.6 years; (interquartile range [IQR] 67.6-81.2 years); median LVEF 45% (IQR 40%-48%); median follow-up 2.0 years (IQR 0.7-3.3 years). In 71 patients (68.3%), a diagnosis was reached: 55 (77.5%) in step 2 (hospital admission and electrophysiology study) and 16 (36.5%) in step 3 (implantable cardiac monitor). Arrhythmic causes were the most common etiology (45.2% auriculoventricular block and 9.6% ventricular tachycardia). Sixty patients (57.7%) required the implantation of a cardiac device and 11 had a defibrillation function. Patients diagnosed in step 3 had a higher global risk of recurrence of syncope (hazard ratio 6.5; 95% confidence interval 2.3-18.0). The mortality rate was 8.1 per 100 person-years, and the sudden or unknown death rate was 0.9 per 100 person-years. CONCLUSION: In patients with mid-range left ventricular dysfunction and syncope of unknown cause, a systematic diagnostic strategy based on electrophysiology study and/or implantable cardiac monitor implantation allows a diagnosis to be reached in a high proportion of cases and guides the treatment. Arrhythmia is the most common cause of syncope in this population, particularly auriculoventricular block.
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Eletrocardiografia/métodos , Medição de Risco/métodos , Síncope/etiologia , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/etiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Espanha/epidemiologia , Taxa de Sobrevida/tendências , Síncope/diagnóstico , Síncope/epidemiologia , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The use of implantable cardiac monitors (ICM) is highly useful in syncope workup. Latest-generation devices can detect asymptomatic episodes of atrial fibrillation. The main objective of this study was to determine the incidence of subclinical atrial fibrillation (AF) detected in a patient population undergoing prolonged electrocardiographic monitoring with an ICM for the etiological workup of syncope. METHODS: Prospective observational study carried out in a tertiary hospital from April 2014 to October 2019. All consecutive adult patients monitored with a latest-generation ICM for syncope with no prior history of AF were included in the analysis. RESULTS: Of a total of 509 ICMs implanted during the study period, 208 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 42 patients (20.2%) were found to have AF on ICM. The incidence of AF was 11.7 cases per 100 person-years (95% CI: 8.7-15.9 per 100 person-years). The median burden of AF was 0.2% (IQR 0-0.8%). Age, the presence of hypertension, chronic kidney disease, the size of the septum and left atrium on electrocardiogram and the presence of broad QRS on baseline electrocardiogram were predictors for the appearance of AF in the univariate analysis. CONCLUSION: The incidental finding of atrial fibrillation in patients with syncope monitored with ICM is common. The burden of AF is low, and it is generally subclinical. These findings create added value for the use of ICM in the workup for syncope, although further studies are needed to determine the clinical benefit of documenting subclinical AF.
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Fibrilação Atrial , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Adulto , Fibrilação Atrial/diagnóstico , Fibrilação Atrial/epidemiologia , Eletrocardiografia , Eletrocardiografia Ambulatorial , Humanos , Incidência , Síncope/diagnóstico , Síncope/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Syncope in octogenarians represents an important problem in terms of comorbidity, quality of life and substantial medical costs, resulting from studies and treatments. An implantable loop ecorder (ILR) may improve diagnostic performance. The objective of the study was to evaluate the results of the ILR in a population of octogenarians. DESIGN: Prospective registry of patients receiving an implantable loop recorder in 40 Spanish centers. PARTICIPANTS: 128 octogenarians implanted with a device for clinical evaluation of syncope. METHODS: Prospective registry recording the incidence of new symptoms or device activations within the first year after the implant, the incidence of new diagnosis and treatments, and an evaluation of the safety of this strategy in this population. Dedicated database for the registry. RESULTS: Forty-two patients (33% of the population) obtained a final etiological diagnosis of the syncope, which led to a specific treatment in 39 (31%) patients. No differences regarding the presence of conduction disturbances or structural heart disease were found in this population. A mortality of 4% was recorded during follow-up. CONCLUSION: The implantable loop recorder seems to be an effective and safe tool in the management of syncope in the octogenarian population.
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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the diagnostic yield and cost-effectiveness of a diagnostic protocol based on the systematic use of latest-generation external loop recorders (ELRs) compared with the classic diagnostic strategy for patients with recurrent unexplained palpitations. METHODS: Two cohorts of consecutive patients referred for diagnosis of unexplained palpitations to the outpatient clinic of the arrhythmia unit were compared: a prospective cohort after the implementation of a new diagnostic protocol based on the systematic use of ELRs, and another, retrospective, cohort before the implementation of the protocol. The cost of diagnosis was calculated based on the number of complementary examinations, visits to outpatient clinics, or emergency department visits required to reach a diagnosis, and its costs according the prices published for the local health system. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-nine patients were included (91 in the ELR group, 58 in the control group). The diagnostic yield was higher in the ELR group (79 [86.8%] definitive diagnoses in the ELR group vs 12 [20.7%] in the control group, P < .001). The cost per diagnosis was 375.13 in the ELR group and 5184.75 in the control group (P < .001). The cost-effectiveness study revealed that the systematic use of ELR resulted in a cost reduction of 11.30 for each percentage point of increase in diagnosis yield. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with recurrent unexplained palpitations, evaluation by means of a study protocol that considers the systematic use of a latest-generation ELR increases diagnostic yield while reducing the cost per diagnosis.
Assuntos
Arritmias Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Eletrocardiografia Ambulatorial/instrumentação , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Arritmias Cardíacas/economia , Arritmias Cardíacas/fisiopatologia , Análise Custo-Benefício , Eletrocardiografia Ambulatorial/economia , Desenho de Equipamento , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to compare the differences between procainamide and flecainide to stress the His-Purkinje system during electrophysiological study (EPS) in patients with syncope and bundle branch block (BBB). BACKGROUND: Patients with syncope and BBB are at risk of developing atrioventricular block. EPS is recommended including class I drug challenge to unmask His-Purkinje disease in cases with baseline normal His-ventricular interval. There is little data on differences between different class I drugs. METHODS: This was a prospective study of all consecutive patients undergoing EPS for syncope and BBB at a single center (January 1, 2012 to June 30, 2017). Of those patients with negative baseline EPS, 2 cohorts were compared: group A (historical cohort: procainamide) and group B (flecainide). RESULTS: During the study, 271 patients (age 73.9 ± 12.1 years, 64.9% male, QRS duration: 139.4 ± 13.9 ms) underwent EPS. In 166, baseline EPS was negative and class I drug challenge was performed (90 procainamide, 76 flecainide). The final value and percentage increase in the His-ventricular interval (76 ± 16 ms vs. 64 ± 10 ms and 22.5 ± 6.2% vs. 11.8 ± 5.3%; p < 0.001) and diagnostic yield (14.5% vs. 7.8%, p = 0.04) were higher with flecainide. No differences were found in baseline characteristics. During follow-up (25.8 ± 6.3 months), 39 patients (24.8%) with negative EPS (19.2% with flecainide vs. 30.1% with procainamide: relative risk: 5.1; 95% confidence interval: 2.6 to 10.2; p < 0. 001) received a pacemaker. CONCLUSIONS: Flecainide has a higher diagnostic yield than does procainamide in patients with BBB, syncope, and negative baseline EPS due to a greater increase of the His-ventricular interval. Additionally, there is a lesser need for pacemaker implantation in patients in whom the class I drug test using flecainide was negative.
Assuntos
Eletrocardiografia/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas Eletrofisiológicas Cardíacas/métodos , Flecainida/farmacologia , Procainamida/farmacologia , Síncope , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Bloqueio de Ramo/diagnóstico , Bloqueio de Ramo/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Flecainida/uso terapêutico , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procainamida/uso terapêutico , Síncope/diagnóstico , Síncope/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Patients with syncope and bundle branch block (BBB) are at risk for atrioventricular block (AVB). Electrophysiological study (EPS) can help in identifying patients at higher risk for AVB, but the false-negative rate is remarkable. Few data on the predictors of the need for pacemaker implantation during follow-up have been reported. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the rate of patients who need pacemaker implantation after negative EPS and predictive factors. METHODS: A single-center prospective study of 159 consecutive patients (73.9 ± 12.1 years; male 64.9%) with syncope and BBB (January 2012-December 2016) and negative EPS was conducted. An implantable loop recorder was implanted. RESULTS: After 27.9 ± 10.8 months of follow-up, 39 patients (24.8%) underwent pacemaker implantation because of bradyarrhythmia. In the univariate analysis, bifascicular (right BBB + left fascicular block) block, bifascicular block + long PR interval, conduction disturbance different from isolated right BBB, HV ≥60 ms, and HV ≥70 ms after class I drug challenge were predictors of pacemaker implantation. In the multivariate analysis, only bifascicular block (hazard ratio 2.5; 95% confidence interval 1.4-4.8; P = .04) and HV interval ≥60 ms (hazard ratio 3.5; 95% confidence interval 1.8-6.2; P <.001) were statistically significant. A risk score according to the multivariate model identified 3 levels of pacemaker implantation rate (13.5%, 32.7%, and 66.7%; P <.001). No death or severe trauma related to bradyarrhythmia occurred. CONCLUSION: The strategy of an implantable loop recorder in patients with syncope and BBB is safe after negative EPS, but some patients might need pacemaker implantation during follow-up. A risk score based on HV ≥60 ms and bifascicular block can be useful in identifying patients at risk for advanced AVB after negative EPS.
Assuntos
Bloqueio Atrioventricular , Bloqueio de Ramo , Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial , Técnicas Eletrofisiológicas Cardíacas , Marca-Passo Artificial/estatística & dados numéricos , Medição de Risco , Síncope , Idoso , Bloqueio Atrioventricular/etiologia , Bloqueio Atrioventricular/fisiopatologia , Bloqueio Atrioventricular/prevenção & controle , Bloqueio de Ramo/diagnóstico , Bloqueio de Ramo/fisiopatologia , Bloqueio de Ramo/cirurgia , Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial/métodos , Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial/estatística & dados numéricos , Técnicas Eletrofisiológicas Cardíacas/métodos , Técnicas Eletrofisiológicas Cardíacas/normas , Reações Falso-Negativas , Feminino , Seguimentos , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/fisiopatologia , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Medição de Risco/métodos , Medição de Risco/estatística & dados numéricos , Síncope/diagnóstico , Síncope/etiologia , Síncope/prevenção & controleAssuntos
Bloqueio Atrioventricular/complicações , Bloqueio Atrioventricular/diagnóstico , Eletrocardiografia/métodos , Taquicardia por Reentrada no Nó Atrioventricular/complicações , Taquicardia por Reentrada no Nó Atrioventricular/diagnóstico , Doença Crônica , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RecidivaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Repeated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapies cause myocardial damage and, thus, an increased risk of arrhythmias and mortality. HYPOTHESIS: Cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator (CRT-D) reduces the number of appropriate therapies in patients with left ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] <50%). METHODS: The retrospective study involved 175 consecutive patients (mean age, 64.6 ±10.4 years; 86.9% males) with reduced LVEF of 27.9% ±7.6% treated with an ICD (56.6%) or CRT-D (43.4%), according to standard indications, between January 2009 and July 2014. Devices were placed for either primary (54.3%) or secondary prevention (45.7%). Mean follow-up was 2.5 ±1.5 years. Predictors of first appropriate therapy were assessed using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Forty-four (25.1%) patients received ≥1 appropriate therapy. Although patients treated with CRT-D had lower LVEF and poorer New York Heart Association class, CRT-D patients with LVEF improvement >35% at the end of follow-up had a significantly lower risk of receiving a first appropriate therapy relative to those with an ICD (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.24, 95% confidence interval: 0.07-0.83, P = 0.025), independently of ischemic cardiomyopathy, baseline LVEF, and secondary prevention. There were no differences in mortality between the ICD and the CRT-D groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although patients receiving CRT-D had a worse clinical profile, they received fewer device therapies in comparison with those receiving an ICD. This reduction is associated with a significant improvement in LVEF.
Assuntos
Dispositivos de Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca , Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca , Desfibriladores Implantáveis , Cardioversão Elétrica/instrumentação , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Volume Sistólico , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/terapia , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Idoso , Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca/efeitos adversos , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Cardioversão Elétrica/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevenção Primária , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Desenho de Prótese , Falha de Prótese , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Prevenção Secundária , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Electrophysiological study (EPS) is indicated in patients with syncope and bundle branch block (BBB). Data about predictors of positive EPS in these patients is scarce. OBJECTIVE: To assess clinical and electrocardiographic (ECG) predictors of positive EPS in patients with syncope and BBB. METHODS: Observational single-center study that included all consecutive patients with syncope and BBB that underwent EPS from January 2011 to June 2017. Results of EPS were considered positive according to current ESC syncope guidelines. RESULTS: During study period, 271 patients were included (64.9% male, age: 73.9 ± 12.2 years, number of syncopal episodes: 2.4 ± 2.5, LVEF: 56.1 ± 9.9%). Type of BBB: RBBB + LAFB/LPFB in 39.8%, isolated LBBB in 38.7% and isolated RBBB in 18.5% of the patients. Duration of QRS and PR interval were 141.9 ± 16.7 and 182.8 ± 52.2 milliseconds. EPS was positive in 41.7% of the patients. In multivariate analysis, conduction disturbance pattern and long PR interval (OR 8.6; 2.9-25; P < 0.0001) were predictors of positive EPS. Conduction disturbance patterns related with positive EPS were: BBB different than isolated RBBB (OR 15.2; 2.2-23.4; P = 0.005), LBBB or RBBB+long PR + left fascicular block (OR 4.5; 1.06-20.01; P < 0.042), and RBBB+left fascicular block compared with LBBB (OR 4.8; 1.2-16.7; P = 0.025). Clinical factors and syncope characteristics were not related with EPS result. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic yield of EPS in patients with syncope and BBB is moderate (41%). Type of conduction disturbance pattern and PR interval are associated with the electrophysiological (EP) test result. Patients with LBBB or bifascicular block have the highest rate of positive EP test. Long PR interval increases the proportion of positive EPS in all conduction disturbance patterns.