[State of the kallikrein-kinin system in chronic circulatory insufficiency]. / Sostoianie kallikrein-kininovoi sistemy u bol'nykh s khronicheskoi nedostatochnost'iu krovoobrashcheniia.

The condition of the kallikrein-kinin system was studied in 93 patients with chronic circulatory insufficiency. In 25 of them it was studied in dynamics--before and after treatment with cardiac glycosides. Marked activation of the kinin system was found in all patients; this was manifested by a decreased level of plasma prekallikrein and phase changes in the content of the kallikrein inhibitor. Improvement in the clinical picture and values of central hemodynamics during treatment was attended by normalization of the main indices of the kinin system. In tolerance of patients to treatment with cardiac glycosides, restoration of the content of the main components of the kinin system was not encountered.

[Effect of reflexotherapy on the baroreflex function of patients with neurocirculatory dystonia and the initial stages of hypertension]. / Vliianie refleksoterapii na sostoianie baroreflektornoi funktsii u bol'nykh s neirotsirkuliatornoi distoniei i nachal'nymi stadiiami gipertonicheskoi bolezni.

Central and peripheral hemodynamic effects of reflex therapy were assessed by means of echocardiography and rheovasography, as was the pulse rate, arterial blood pressure and peripheral vascular tonicity response to the baroreflex test in patients with neurocirculatory dystonia, the hypertensive syndrome and essential hypertension, stage IB-HA by L. A. Miasnikov's classification. The hypotensive effect and favorable central hemodynamic changes contribute to the recovery of an adequate pulse and blood pressure response to the baroreflex test, and a greater baroreflex test-induced drop in vascular tone.

[Effect of the rheological properties of the blood on the intracardiac hemodynamics in patients with acquired mitral valve defects]. / Vliianie reologicheskikh svoistv krovi na vnutriserdechnuiu gemodinamiku u bol'nykh priobretennymi mitral'nymi porokami serdtsa.

A study of 17 patients with prevailing mitral stenosis and 10 patients with prevailing mitral insufficiency demonstrated a significant aspirin-induced improvement of blood rheologic characteristics in all patients that was accompanied with a heterogeneous shift of intracardiac hemodynamics and left-ventricular myocardial pumping activity. For instance, in patients with prevailing mitral stenosis, an improvement of blood rheologic properties is accompanied with a drop in mitral pressure gradient and a decrease in total pulmonary resistance and total peripheral resistance resulting in increased pumping capacity of the heart (increased minute volume, systolic index and stroke index). In patients with prevailing mitral insufficiency, the improvement of blood rheologic properties is accompanied by an increase of regurgitation volume, a reduction of effective ejection fraction and a rise in total pulmonary resistance. Therefore, a differential approach to the use of agents improving blood rheologic properties is needed.

[Change in blood rheological properties in response to graded physical exertion in patients with ischemic heart disease and persons at risk]. / Izmenenie reologicheskikh svoistv krovi pod vliianiem dozirovannoi fizicheskoi nagruzki u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi serdtsa i lits s faktorami riska.

Blood rheologic properties were investigated before and after rationed exercise in 26 patients exhibiting risk factors unattended by atherosclerotic signs, 33 coronary patients and 26 normal subjects. Hemorheologic changes in response to bicycle ergometry were shown to depend largely on the efficiency of cardiac performance and be more marked in coronary patients and those exhibiting risk factors, as compared to normal subjects. In addition, the erythrocyte aggregation coefficient increased significantly during rationed exercise in coronary and risk-factor patients, in contrast to normal subjects. It is suggested that disorders of blood viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation, developing in part of coronary and risk-factor patients, may be conducive to the progress of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.

[Gastrointestinal endocrine cells in metaplasia of the gastric mucosa and duodenum]. / Gastrointestinal'nye éndokrinnye kletki pri metaplazii slizistoi obolochki zheludka i dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki.

Grimelius reaction and immunohistochemical PAP method were used to study endocrine cells producing gastrin (G-cells), somatostatin (D-cells) and gamma-endorphin (GER-cells) in gastric and duodenal mucosa of 95 males with atrophic gastritis with intestinal and pyloric metaplasia. The number of cells was counted per 1 mm2 of the mucosa. In the cases of marked intestinal metaplasia the number of G-, GER- and especially D-cells in the pyloric region non-metaplastic epithelium decreases and is approaching to its number in the duodenum of the control group. In the foci of marked pyloric metaplasia of gastric corpus the number of G- and GER-cells is almost the same as in the zones of gastric metaplasia of duodenum, and is approximating their number in the pyloric region of controls, thus allowing the designation of pyloric metaplasia as a complete one.

[Incretory function of the pancreas and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with peptic ulcer of the duodenum]. / Inkretornaia funktsiia podzheludochnoi zhelezy i uglevodnyi obmen u bol'nykh iazvennoi bolezn'iu dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki.

Examination of 84 patients with peptic ulcer of the duodenum demonstrated that the majority of patients had alterations in carbohydrate metabolism manifested by fasting hypoglycemia, slow increase in glucose and hyperglycemia at the 180th minute during making the glucose tolerance test. The level of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) was discovered to range within wide limits, namely from low basal secretion to hyperinsulinemia and hyperglucagonemia at the end of examination with the use of the glucose and insulin tolerance tests. During making the glucose tolerance test, the changes in IRG concentration were more demonstrable. The changes in hormone secretion were recorded if the disease lasted long and did not depend on the stage of the process. IRI and IRG secretion was determined by both the glycemia level and concentration of the hormones themselves, by their mutually correlating influence and was aimed at the maintenance of glucose homeostasis in patients presenting with peptic ulcer of the duodenum.

[Early diagnosis of left-ventricular hypertrophy using precordial electrocardiographic mapping of the heart]. / Ranniaia diagnostika gipertrofii levogo zheludochka s pomoshch'iu prekordial'nogo elektrokardiograficheskogo kartirovaniia serdtsa.

Quantitative indices of instantaneous maps of the distribution of electric potential on the chest surface were compared to a left ventricular myocardial mass value, calculated on the basis of echocardiographic results and echocardiographic signs of left ventricular hypertrophy, in 77 patients with essential hypertension or neurocirculatory dystonia of hypertensive type and in 25 healthy controls. Four quantitative cartographic indices were shown to be very important for diagnosis: 1) tMaxk; 2) tapic; 3) + sigma QRS; 4) NQ15. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy was over 80%. Cartographic quantitative indices were shown to correlate with a high degree of significance (p less than 0.01) (r much greater than 0.75) with a left ventricular myocardial mass value calculated on the basis of echocardiography results.

[Changes in blood immunochemical indices in atherosclerosis patients during combined diet and drug therapy]. / Izmeneniia immunokhimicheskikh pokazatelei krovi u bol'nykh aterosklerozom v protsesse kompleksnoi dietomedikamentoznoi terapii.

A total of 34 patients with atherosclerosis were on a prolonged combined dietetic and drug therapy. In 6 mos improved blood serum lipid indices (a decrease in the level of total cholesterol, a decrease in the level of atherogenic beta-lipoproteins and an increase in the level of antiatherogenic alpha 1-lipoproteins) and a decrease in the serum level of alpha 2-glycoproteins of the atherosclerotically changed aortic wall were observed. A decrease in angina attacks, AP stabilization, disappearance of dyspnea in physical exercise, and a decrease in excess body mass were noted. The authors emphasized the efficacy of this method for the treatment of patients with atherosclerosis.

[Clinical pharmacology of the new Soviet anti-inflammatory preparation ortofen]. / Klinicheskaia farmakologiia novogo otechesvennogo protivovospalitel'nogo preparata ortofena.

Comparative pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies on ortophen, a new Soviet antiinflammatory drug, and voltaren (Ciba-Geigy, Switzerland) were carried out in 73 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacokinetics of both drugs was studied in 19 patients (9 patients were given voltaren, 10--ortophen). Pharmacokinetic difference was statistically indistinguishable. The comparison of the principal routine subjective and objective pharmacodynamic indices revealed no significant difference between ortophen and voltaren action. The new drug was shown to possess a high analgetic and antiinflammatory activity.

[Immunochemical study of the alpha 2-glycoprotein from the atherosclerotically altered aortic wall in the blood serum of ischemic heart disease patients]. / Immunokhimicheskoe izuchenie al'fa 2-glikoproteida ateroskleroticheski izmenennoi stenki aorty v syvorotke krovi bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa.

A study was made of the level of alpha- and beta-lipoproteins, apolipoprotein H and tissue protein alpha 2-glycoprotein of the arteriosclerotically changed aortic wall in the blood serum of 129 patients with coronary arteriosclerosis, 50 patients with various diseases of the internal organs without clinical signs of arteriosclerosis and in 26 healthy patients by the immunodiffusion method using standard assays. A significant increase in beta- and alpha-lipoprotein indices was revealed in the groups of patients with coronary heart disease as compared to the healthy persons. alpha 2-glycoprotein of the arteriosclerotically changed aortic wall was undetectable in the blood serum of the healthy persons; in the group of patients without clinical signs of coronary heart disease this protein was detected in 5 patients only in the concentration of 4-8 micrograms/ml. alpha 2-glycoprotein concentration in the blood serum of the patients with the ischemic, thrombonecrotic and fibrous stages of arteriosclerosis was much higher (23.5 +/- 1.0; 27.5 +/- 2.9 and 35.3 +/- 2.2 micrograms/ml respectively). The proposed immunochemical determination of some indices of the blood serum can be of use to assess the activity of arteriosclerotic processes in patients with coronary heart disease. The determination of the level of alpha 2-glycoprotein of the arteriosclerotically changed aortic wall serves this purpose most adequately.

[Relation between features of the psychoemotional status and lipid metabolism of patients with ischemic heart disease and arrhythmias]. / Vzaimosviaz' osobennostei psikhoémotsional'nogo statusa i lipidnogo obmena u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa s aritmiiami.

Interrelationship of the peculiarities of the psychoemotional status, the activity of lipid peroxidation and the content of blood free fatty acids were studied in 64 CHD patients with arrhythmia. It was shown that prolonged and pronounced psychoemotional strain, high levels of the activity of free radical lipid oxidation and the content of nonesterified fatty acids in the blood of CHD patients promoted the development of cardiac rhythm disturbances, particularly of ventricular extrasystoles. Patients with the psychoemotional strain syndrome demonstrated direct correlation of an induced initial hemiluminiscence flash value and the level of a psychological pattern MMPI by scales 2, 6, 7, 0, as well as close direct correlation of the concentration of free fatty acids with scales 6, 8, F and negative correlation with scale 3. The detection of the psychoemotional strain syndrome in CHD patients, especially in combination with high levels of lipid peroxidation and nonesterified fatty acids in the blood, may evidently serve an important criterion for defining patients at high risk of developing arrhythmias.

[Comparative immunochemical analysis of 4 soluble erythrocyte antigens in patients with coronary atherosclerosis]. / Sravnitel'nyi immunokhimicheskii analiz 4 rastvorimykh antigenov éritrotsitov u bol'nykh koronarnym aterosklerozom.

Four individual soluble antigens were identified in human erythrocytes. According to the universally accepted classification these antigens were denoted as RAE-1, RAE-2, RAE-3 and RAE-4. Physico-chemical properties of the antigens were studied. The immunoassay exhibited that level of RAE-2 was increased in patients with coronary atherosclerosis.

[Experience with the treatment of duodenal ulcer using H2-histamine receptor blockers]. / Opyt lecheniia iazvennoi bolezni dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki blokatorami H2-gistaminovykh retseptorov.

The authors compared the efficacy of the blockers of H2-histamine receptors with the conventional multimodality treatment in patients with peptic ulcer of the duodenum and explored the effect of cimetidine on the secretory and motor functions of the stomach and on the endocrine status of the patients. It was established that cimetidine made the healing of duodenal ulcers more rapid as compared with the use of the multimodality therapy. It was also found that the drug efficacy was mainly related to the suppression of hydrochloric acid secretion in the stomach and to the recovery of motor activity of the stomach and duodenum. It is demonstrated that cimetidine has a broad-range action on the endocrine system, which should be taken into consideration in administering cimetidine.

[Blood viscosity indicators in patients with gastric and duodenal diseases]. / Pokazateli viazkosti krovi u bol'nykh s zabolevaniiami zheludka i dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki.

A total of 102 patients with peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, chronic gastritis, and erosive gastritis were examined. A statistically significant increase in blood viscosity was recorded during the diseases enumerated. In peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis, the fibrinogen and hematocrit levels did not change quantitatively although quantitative changes in the fibrinogen level were likely to influence blood viscosity. Red cell aggregation was found to be increased, being the main factor responsible for blood viscosity deterioration. The authors studied the effect of cimetidine on blood viscosity in patients with peptic ulcer and the effect of peritol in chronic gastritis. These drugs were found to markedly reduce blood viscosity, as a result of which the circulation in the gastric mucosa improved, promoting the cure of patients with peptic ulcer. According to the authors' opinion, cimetidine, that blocks H2 histamine receptors, lessens the effect of histamine on red cell aggregation, thereby improving blood viscosity.