RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors with related to the occurrence and prognosis of neonatal hyaline membrane disease (HMD) and to develop effective measures to prevent and treat the disease. METHODS: A case control (1 : 4 paired) study was undertaken, with 62 neonates with HMD as a case group paired with 248 sick neonates without HMD and respiratory disorders as a control group. The controls were matched with the cases by admission time (+/- 7 d), birth weight (+/- 200 g) and gestational age (+/- 3 d). All of the patients came from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in the West China Second University Hospital from June 2008 to January 2009. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with the development and prognosis of HMD. RESULTS: Fetal distress, placenta previa, preeclampsia, placental abruption, maternal diabetes, and multiple births were identified as risk factors associated with the development of HMD, with an OR 10.459, 9.382, 8.884, 7.817, 7.727, and 7.217, respectively (P < 0.05). The Cochran Armitage trend test showed that the mortality of HMD decreased with the increase of gestational age and birth weight (P < 0.05). The mortality of HMD increased significantly in the patients with complication such as pulmonary hemorrhage, respiratory failure, neonatal asphyxia, and gastrointestinal hemorrhage (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Prevention of premature birth and treatment with high risk pregnancy and complications can reduce the mortality of HMD.