RESUMO
Bacterial contamination of platelet concentrates represents the greatest post-transfusion infectious risk. Biofilm formation in this environment resulting from platelet-bacteria interactions can lead to non-uniform contaminant distribution and thus missed detection. As formation of platelet-bacteria aggregates is largely based on receptor-ligand interactions, we examined whether shielding these events would result in reduced biofilm formation by contaminant bacteria. We introduced methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) to covalently modify the platelet surface using a process termed 'PEGylation'. In the first study of its kind, we demonstrate that PEGylated platelet concentrates inoculated with Staphylococcus epidermidis display a significant reduction in bacterial binding and biofilm formation.
Assuntos
Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Plaquetas/química , Preservação de Sangue/métodos , Ativação Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacos , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Bactérias/patogenicidade , Aderência Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Plaquetas/microbiologia , Humanos , Transfusão de Plaquetas/normas , Staphylococcus epidermidis/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
We report on the MR imaging of an anomalous medial meniscus with a tear in a 41-year-old man. Anomaly of the medial meniscus is rare and difficult to diagnose clinically. The MR images contributed to the pre-arthroscopic diagnosis and arthroscopy confirmed the lesion. The anomalous meniscus was not related to the symptoms.
Assuntos
Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Meniscos Tibiais/anormalidades , Adulto , Artralgia/diagnóstico , Artralgia/etiologia , Artralgia/cirurgia , Artroscopia , Biópsia , Seguimentos , Humanos , Traumatismos do Joelho/complicações , Traumatismos do Joelho/diagnóstico , Traumatismos do Joelho/cirurgia , Masculino , Meniscos Tibiais/cirurgia , Ruptura , Lesões do Menisco TibialRESUMO
Evidence-based psychopharmacological algorithms for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia have been developed in many countries in the last decade. While it would be of interest to consider a common algorithm based on international consensus, algorithms and information on antipsychotics available in each country are limited. Inspired by the algorithm generated by the International Psychopharmacology Algorithm (IPA) Project, this algorithm for the treatment of schizophrenia has been developed by the Japan Psychophamacology Algorithm (JPA) Project. New antipsychotics, such as clozapine, olanzapine and quetiapine, are excluded from this algorithm, being currently unavailable in Japan. In the end there was no essential difference between the algorithms for the treatment of acute schizophrenic episodes. However, combined use of antipsychotics appears to be more common in Japan and the adjunctive use of L-DOPS or thyrotropin-releasing hormone is included in the JPA algorithm for the treatment of drug-refractory schizophrenia.