Downregulation of CDC42 inhibits the proliferation and stemness of human trophoblast stem cell via EZRIN/YAP inactivation.

Placental dysplasia increases the risk of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). However, the underlying mechanism regulating placental development remains unclear. In this study, we showed that the expression of CDC42 was decreased in the villous tissue of RSA samples compared to healthy controls. Further examination demonstrated that CDC42 deficiency led to the differentiation of human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) and inhibited their proliferation. Genetic manipulation of YAP and EZRIN in hTSCs revealed that CDC42 regulates the stemness and proliferation of hTSCs; this is dependent on EZRIN, which translocates YAP into the nucleus. Moreover, the expression pattern of EZRIN, YAP, and Ki67 was also abnormal in the villous tissue of RSA samples, consistent with in vitro experiments. In summary, these findings suggest that the CDC42/EZRIN/YAP pathway plays an important role in placental development.

Z-Type Ligand Enables Efficient and Stable Deep-Blue Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes.

During the synthesis of deep-blue perovskite quantum dots (PQDs), they generally emerge as a two-dimensional byproduct with poor yield and low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) due to amine ligand enrichment-induced abundant surface defects. Herein, we provide a colloidal synthesis method to prepare deep-blue CsPbBr3 PQDs in a green nontoxic solvent via strategic Z-type ligand engineering. Z-type ligands of zinc octanoate enable the formation of robust coordination bonds with surface bromide ions of PQDs, maintaining acid-base equilibrium and reducing excess amine enrichment on the PQDs surface. Consequently, homogeneous and monodispersed PQDs with improved PLQY of 73% are successfully synthesized, achieving efficient deep-blue LEDs with a peak EQE of 5.46%, a maximum luminance of 847.6 cd/m2, and an operational half-lifetime of 14 min. The devices exhibit color coordinates of (0.137, 0.049), closely approximating the Rec. 2020 blue standard. Our work offers a potentially eco-friendly and viable route for realizing high-performance LEDs in the deep-blue region.

Multidentate Ligand-Passivated CsPbI3 Perovskite Nanocrystals for Stable and Efficient Red-Light-Emitting Diodes.

CsPbI3 nanocrystals (NCs) have become a research hot spot in the field of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Whereas, the long chain ligands with weak affinity to CsPbI3 NCs have prevented their further development and commercialization. Herein, a novel multidentate short ligand tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) was employed via a ligand exchange process to enhance hole mobility and decrease trap density of the CsPbI3 NCs film. Therefore, TMTD passivated CsPbI3 NCs LED exhibited 20.65% maximum external quantum efficiency and 3861 cd/m2 maximum luminance. Furthermore, TMTD passivated CsPbI3 NCs LED exhibited good operational stability with a 128 min half-lifetime. This strategy using multidentate short ligand passivation provides an effective way to promote perovskite LED development and commercialization.

WANG Ju-yi's meridian diagnosis method combined with Bobath rehabilitation training for post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome typeⅠ / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical efficacy differences between WANG Ju-yi 's meridian diagnosis method combined with Bobath rehabilitation training and Bobath rehabilitation training alone for post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome (SHS) typeⅠ.@*METHODS@#A total of 106 patients with post-stroke SHS typeⅠwere randomly divided into an observation group (53 cases, 2 cases dropped off ) and a control group (53 cases, 3 cases dropped off ). The patients in the both groups were treated with medications for basic diseases and conventional acupuncture at Waiguan (TE 5), Shousanli (LI 10) and Jianyu (LI 15) on the affected side. In addition, the patients in the control group were treated with Bobath rehabilitation training, 20 minutes each time; on the basis of the control group, the patients in the observation group were treated with WANG Ju-yi's meridian diagnosis method to adjust the abnormal parts in meridians of the hand taiyin and hand yangming on the affected side, 20 minutes each time. Both groups were treated once a day, 5 times a week for 8 weeks. The scores of visual analogue scale (VAS), upper-limb Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) and Barthel index (BI) were recorded before and after treatment as well as 6 weeks after treatment (follow-up), and the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated after treatment.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the VAS scores were reduced and the scores of upper-limb FMA and BI were increased in the two groups after treatment and in the follow-up (P<0.05). The VAS score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the scores of upper-limb FMA and BI in the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate in the observation group was 82.4% (42/51), which was higher than 62.0% (31/50) in the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#WANG Ju-yi 's meridian diagnosis method combined with Bobath rehabilitation training could effectively treat post-stroke SHS typeⅠ, reduce pain symptoms and improve joint motor dysfunction, and improve the quality of life. Its curative effect is better than Bobath rehabilitation training alone.

Effects of clinical application of free anterolateral thigh perforator lobulated flap in repair of electrical burn wounds on head based on the concept of donor site protection / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To explore the effects of clinical application of free anterolateral thigh perforator lobulated flap in repair of electrical burn wounds on head based on the concept of donor site protection. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. Eight patients with electrical burns with huge scalp defects and exposed skulls were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, from May 2017 to December 2019, who were all males, aged 21-57 (39±13) years, sustaining multiple deep partial thickness to full-thickness electrical burns to 5%-14% total body surface area. Among the scalp burn sites of the patients, 1 case was posterior occipital, 2 cases were parietal occipital, 4 cases were parietal temporal, and 1 case was frontotemporal. After debridement, the defect area was 10 cm×9 cm-16 cm×14 cm. The incision area of the free anterolateral thigh perforator lobulated flap was 22 cm×6 cm-30 cm×9 cm. The artery and vein of flap were anastomosed with superficial temporal artery and vein or facial artery and vein, and the other vein of skin flap was anastomosed with superficial vein of recipient area. The donor site of skin flap was closed by layer interrupted tension-reducing suture. After the operation, the survival of flop, donor site wound healing and complications were observed. The flap appearance, wound healing of donor sites, long-term complications and functional recovery of donor sites were observed on follow-up. Results: After the operation, the flaps of 8 patients survived completely without vascular crisis. The donor sites of flaps in all the patients healed well with no osteofascial compartment syndrome. Seven patients were followed up for 3 to 12 months, and 1 case was lost to follow up. During follow-up, the flaps of the patients' heads were in good appearance but with alopecia. The donor sites showed linear scars, which were well hidden. There were no significant differences in sensory and motor functions between the two sides, and no complications were found such as muscle hernia. Conclusions: Free anterolateral thigh perforator lobulated flap has a good clinical effect in the early repair of electrical burn wounds with huge scalp defect and skull exposure on head, and the donor wounds can be directly closed and sutured, greatly reducing the damage to the donor area.

Immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of total flavonoids of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn on PCV2 infected mice.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of virus infection and antioxidants are becoming promising candidates as therapeutic agents. This study is designed to investigate the effect of total flavonoids of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn (TFSD) on oxidative stress in mice induced by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection. The PCV2 infection leads to significant decrease in thymus and spleen indices, elevation of xanthine oxidase (XOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, reduction in GSH level and GSH to GSSG ratio and decline of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, indicating the formation of immunosuppression and oxidative stress. TFSD treatment recovered the alteration of viscera index, antioxidant content and activities of oxidative-associated enzymes to a level similar to control. Our findings suggested that PCV2 induced immunosuppression and oxidative stress in mice and TFSD might be able to protect animals from virus infection via regulation of immune function and inhibition of oxidative stress.

Effects of iron overload on cognitive function and autophagy of hippocampal neurons in rats / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of iron overload on the cognitive function of rats and its possible internal mechanism.Methods:Thirty 8-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats of SPF degree were randomly divided into 2 groups, iron overload group(IO group) and control group(Sham group), with 15 in each group.The rats in IO group were injected intraperitoneally iron dextran(100 mg/(kg·d)) for 28 days.The cognitive function of rats was detected by Morris water maze method. Western blot method was used to detect the expression of TfR1 and autophagy-related protein p-AMPK, LC3 and Beclin1 in the hippocampus of rats. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the expression of LC3 and Beclin1 in the hippocampus of rats. HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of neurons in the hippocampus. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the number of autophagosomes and the morphology of endoplasmic reticulum in hippocampus.The software of SPSS 20.0 was used for repeated measurement ANOVA and t-test. Results:Morris water maze test showed that there were significant interaction between the group factor and training time factor of escape latency( F=3.55, P<0.01). And the simple effect analysis showed that compared with the Sham group((28.09±18.41)s, (21.42±15.53)s, (16.96±8.35)s, (10.24±3.75)s), the average escape latency of rats(2nd-5th day) in IO group((56.68±30.65)s, (58.21±36.09)s, (36.58±13.54)s, (27.29±14.30)s )were significantly longer ( t=8.57, 6.81, 9.51, 7.12, P<0.01). The platform was removed on 6th day of the space exploration experiment, compared with the Sham group ((41.89±3.89)%), the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant of IO group ((25.46±3.56)%) was significantly decreased( t=24.06, P<0.01). Western blot showed that the relative expression levels of (TfR1 (2.10±0.48), p-AMPK (0.74±0.10), LC3 (1.11±0.40), Beclin1 (1.05±0.20)) in IO group in the hippocampus of the rats were significantly higher than those of the Sham group(TfR1(0.11±0.18), p-AMPK(0.19±0.02), LC3(0.22±0.11), Beclin1(0.17±0.02))( t=1.58, 14.58, 10.06, 20.65, P<0.01)). HE staining showed that compared with the Sham group, the neuron in the hippocampus of the IO group were sparsely arranged, morphologically irregular, and the number of the neurons was significantly reduced. Transmission electron microscopy showed that compared with the Sham group, the number of autophagosomes in the hippocampus of IO group was increased. Conclusion:Iron overload may exert its neurotoxic effect by increasing the level of autophagy in the hippocampus, causing cognitive dysfunction.

Manifestations of liver injury in 333 hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 / 中华消化杂志

Objective:To investigate the manifestations of liver injury in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), to investigate the prognosis indicators of the disease, and to provide the reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:From January 10 to February 14, 2020, at Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, the data of 333 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were collected. The changes of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil), direct bilirubin (DBil), indirect bilirubin (IBil) and albumin of the first liver function test after admission and the reexaminations of liver function test during hospitalization period in patients with liver injury were retrospectively analyzed. Student t test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results:Liver injury occurred in 39.6% (132/333) of COVID-19 patients. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of liver injury between patients in intensive care unit (ICU) and in general ward (45.6%, 26/57 vs. 38.4%, 106/276; χ2=1.026, P>0.05). 67.4% (89/132) of COVID-19 patients with liver injury presented with increased ALT or AST level on admission. During hospitalization, the level of ALT was higher than that of the first examination after admission ((60.28±50.44) U/L vs. (42.25±32.21) U/L), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-3.230, P<0.05). The levels of ALT and AST of 71.2% (94/132) patients were both <80 U/L, which indicated that most of the patients showed mild liver injury. The patients with elevated level of TBil, DBil and IBil accounted for 3.9% (13/333), 5.4% (18/333) and 2.4% (8/333) of the COVID-19 patients, respectively. The albumin level of COVID-19 patients with liver injury during hospitalization was lower than that of the first examination after admission ((31.8±5.1) g/L vs. (33.7±5.4) g/L), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.712, P<0.05). The albumin levels at first examination on admission and reexamination during hospitalization of patients in ICU were both significantly lower than those of patients in general ward ((29.3±3.7) g/L vs. (34.8±5.1) g/L and (27.6±2.8) g/L vs. (32.9±5.1) g/L), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=4.928 and 4.783, both P<0.05). Conclusions:The incidence of liver injury in COVID-19 patients is high. A slight increase in aminotransferase levels is particularly common. Bilirubin abnormality is relatively rare and mild. The level of albumin may be one of the indicators for the severity and prognosis of COVID-19.

Comparative analysis of diffusion kurtosis imaging and intravoxel incoherent motion for evaluating histological classification and grading of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To compare the value of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) in evaluation of histological classification and grading of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma. Methods DKI and IVIM data of 60 patients with cervical cancer were retrospectively analyzed, and MK, MD, D, D* and f values were measured. The differences of the parameters between cervical squamous cell carcinoma group (n=38) and cervical adenocarcinoma group (n=22) were analyzed, as well as among different graded subgroups. The diagnostic efficiency of each parameter was evaluated with ROC curve, the correlations between the parameters and pathological grades were analyzed using Spearman method. Results MK of cervical squamous cell carcinoma group was higher than that of cervical adenocarcinoma group, while MD, D, D* and f were lower than those of cervical adenocarcinoma group (all P<0.05). In both groups, the differences of MK, MD and D were statistically significant among different subgroups (all P<0.05), while in cervical adenocarcinoma group, the differences of f were also statistically significant among different subgroups (all P<0.05). MK had the highest AUC in diagnosing cervical squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.Except for D*, there was correlation between other parameters and pathological grade (all P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with IVIM, DKI can more effectively evaluate cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma and their pathological grading.

Clinical experience of professor - in channel palpation treatment for polymyalgia rheumatica / 中国针灸

Professor - has gradually improved the clinical application of channel palpation treatment based on his more than 50 years clinical practice, and has accumulated rich experience in acupuncture treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica. He believes that "wind, cold and dampness" are the external causes of the disease, physical factors, uncomfortable mood and uncontrolled diet are the internal causes. The meridian-collateral theory is utilized in the diagnosis and detection of the disorders of , and meridians, internal and external causes are solved by expelling the wind, warming the channel to eliminate the coldness, transforming the dampness to relieve pain and regulating the activity. Three cases of clinical application on polymyalgia rheumatica were included in this paper.

DKIandDWIinevaluatinghistologicalfeaturesofendometrialcarcinoma / 实用放射学杂志

Objective ToevaluatethevalueofMRDKIandDWIindiagnosingendometrialcarcinomaandevaluatingitspathologicalgrade. Methods TheDKIandDWIdataof48patientswithendometrialcarcinomaand27patientswithnormalendometrium wereanalyzed retrospectively.Thevaluesofmeankurtosis (MK),meandiffusion (MD)andADCinendometrialcarcinomaandnormalendometrium were measuredrespectively.Thesimilaritiesanddifferencesoftheparametersbetweentheendometrialnormalgroup(G0)andtheendometrialcarcinoma group (G1,G2,G3)werecomparedandanalyzed.TheROCcurvewasemployedtoevaluatethediagnosticefficacyandthresholdof eachparameter.P earson correlation wasappliedtoanalyzethecorrelationbetweeneachparametervalueandpathologicalgrade.Results The MK valuesincreasedgradually,meanwhiletheMDandADCvaluesdecreasedgraduallyinG0,G1,G2andG3groups.ExceptforMDand ADCvaluesbetweenG0andG1groups,othervalueswerestatisticallysignificantdifferent(P<0.05)betweendifferentgroups.In differentiatingoftheG0/(G1+G2+G3),G0/G1,G1/G2,G2/G3,theMKvalueshadthehighestdiagnosticefficacy(AUC=09.2,07.6,09.0,0.96, P<0 .05 ).M oreover ,in the correlation of pathological grading ,M K>M D>A D C (r=0 .850 ,0 .781 ,0 .709 ,P<0 .05 ).Conclusion Both DKIandDWIcandiagnoseandevaluatepathologicalgradeofendometrialcarcinoma.ComparedwithDWI,DKIembracesmoreperfectmathematical modelandmoresensitiveparameters,andcanbeusedasaneffectivemethodtoevaluatethepathophysiologicalfeaturesofendometrialcarcinoma.

Multiple model parameters of intravoxel incoherent motion in differential diagnosis of cervical carcinoma and pre-judgement of pathological types / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To investigate the feasibility of multiple model parameters of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) in differential diagnosis of cervical carcinoma and its pathological types.Methods IVIM images of 33 patients with cervical cancer (cervical cancer group) and 30 patients with normal cervix (normal group) were retrospectively analyzed.The monoexponential model parameters (ADC-stand),biexponential model parameters (ADC-slow,ADC-fast,f) and stretched-exponential model values (distributed diffusion coefficient [DDC],α) were measured,respectively.Then the parameters were compared among the two groups,as well as among different pathological types and different pathological grades of cervical cancer.The thresholds and diagnostic efficiency of the parameter values were evaluated with ROC curve.Results ADC-stand,ADC-slow,f,DDC and α values of cervical cancer group were lower than those of normal group (all P＜0.05).The area under the ROC curve of ADC-stand,ADC-slow,DDC,f and a values in diagnosis of cervical cancer was 0.93,0.94,0.96,0.94 and 0.93 (all P＜0.05),and the diagnostic thresholds were 1.03 × 10-3 mm2/s,0.99 × 10-3mm2/s,30.50％,1.21 × 10-3 mm2/s and 0.699,respectively.ADC-stand,ADC-slow and DDC values in cervical squamous cell carcinoma patients were lower than those of cervical adenocarcinoma patients (all P＜0.05).The area under the ROC curve of ADC-stand,ADC-slow and DDC values in differential diagnosis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma was 0.98,0.91 and 0.98 (all P＜0.05),the diagnostic thresholds were 1.11 × 10-3 mm2/s,0.81×10-3 mm2/s and 0.98 × 10-3 mm2/s,respectively.There was no significant difference of the parameters among high,moderate,low differentiation of cervical squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusion Multiple model parameters of IVIM can quantitatively reflect the histological features of cervical cancer.

CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome editing in Caenorhabditis elegans / 生物工程学报

The development of genome editing techniques based on CRISPR (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas9 system has revolutionized biomedical researches. It can be utilized to edit genome sequence in almost any organisms including Caenorhabditis elegans, one of the most convenient and classic genetic model animals. The application of CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome editing in C. elegans promotes the functional analysis of gene and proteins under many physiological conditions. In this mini-review, we summarized the development of CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing in C. elegans.

Single Index, Double Exponential and Tensile Density Index Model Diffusion Weighted Imaging in Diagnosis of Endometrial Carcinoma / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose To explore the application of single index,double exponential and tensile density index model diffusion weighted imaging and other parameters on endometrial carcinoma diagnosis to offer new ideas for it.Materials and Methods Intravoxel incoherent motion imaging data of 28 endometrial carcinoma patients and 24 patients of normal endometrium were analyzed retrospectively.Single index,double exponential and DWI parameter of endometrial carcinoma tissue and normal endometrial tissue were measured respectively,including standard apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC-stand),slow apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC-slow),fast apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC-fast,perfusion fraction (f),distributed diffusion coefficient (DDC) and a.Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was adopted to assess threshold value and diagnostic efficiency of each parameter,and analyzed difference among each parameter in two groups and relativity of each parameter in the same group.Results ADC-stand,ADC-slow,f,DDC and a in endometrial carcinoma group were all lower than those in normal endometrium group.The difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The difference of ADC-fast was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Areas of ADC-stand and ADC-slow on ROC curve were 0.949 and 0.911 respectively,and threshold values were 1.245×10-3 mm2/s and 0.998× 10-3 mm2/s.ADC-stand in endometrial carcinoma group was positive correlated with ADC-slow and DDC value (r=0.787 and 0.880,P＜0.05).ADC-slow was significantly lower than ADC-stand (P＜0.05).Conclusion The differences in single index,double exponential and DWI can provide new ideas for endometrial carcinoma diagnosis.

Efficacy of telbivudine in the treatment of chronic hepatitis b and liver cirrhosis and its effect on immunological responses / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study was aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of telbivudine (LdT) in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC) and to observe the changes of immunological responses during LdT treatment. Clinical data of 80 CHB and 28 HBV-related LC patients who were administered with LdT for 108 weeks and followed up were retrospectively analyzed. The liver function indicators including ALT, AST and γ-GT, HBV DNA copy number in serum and the rates of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion were analyzed before and 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 and 108 weeks after LdT treatment in CHB and LC groups. Four serum fibrosis-related markers, including hyaluronic acid (HA), human laminin (LN), human type IV collagen (IV-C) and human N-terminal procollagen III peptide (PC-III), were detected before and after LdT treatment in LC group. The results showed favorable viral suppression and biochemical responses after treatment with LdT for 12 weeks, and a high rate of virological and biochemical control was maintained during the course of 108-week treatment in both CHB and LC groups. The four fibrosis-related markers, especially HA and LN, were down-regulated to some degrees in LC group. Moreover, LdT treatment led to the fluctuation of the circulating interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels at different time points in CHB group. It was concluded that LdT could favorably lead to the virological suppression and biochemical remission. Besides, IFN-γ and IL-10 may represent a suitable and effective predictor of responsiveness during LdT therapy.

Efficacy of telbivudine in the treatment of chronic hepatitis b and liver cirrhosis and its effect on immunological responses / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study was aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of telbivudine (LdT) in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC) and to observe the changes of immunological responses during LdT treatment. Clinical data of 80 CHB and 28 HBV-related LC patients who were administered with LdT for 108 weeks and followed up were retrospectively analyzed. The liver function indicators including ALT, AST and γ-GT, HBV DNA copy number in serum and the rates of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion were analyzed before and 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 and 108 weeks after LdT treatment in CHB and LC groups. Four serum fibrosis-related markers, including hyaluronic acid (HA), human laminin (LN), human type IV collagen (IV-C) and human N-terminal procollagen III peptide (PC-III), were detected before and after LdT treatment in LC group. The results showed favorable viral suppression and biochemical responses after treatment with LdT for 12 weeks, and a high rate of virological and biochemical control was maintained during the course of 108-week treatment in both CHB and LC groups. The four fibrosis-related markers, especially HA and LN, were down-regulated to some degrees in LC group. Moreover, LdT treatment led to the fluctuation of the circulating interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels at different time points in CHB group. It was concluded that LdT could favorably lead to the virological suppression and biochemical remission. Besides, IFN-γ and IL-10 may represent a suitable and effective predictor of responsiveness during LdT therapy.

Animal models of vascular cognitive impairment of global cerebral hypoperfusion / 国际脑血管病杂志

Vascular cognitive impaiment (VCI) refers to a large class of clinical syndromes caused by vascular risk factors,obvious or not obvious cerebrovascular diseases from mild cognitive impairment to dementia.Looking for a physiologically controllable and repeatable animal model is critical for the systematic research of the VCI pathophysiological processes and the evaluation of new treatment methods.

Experimental study on the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor 165 gene on vascularization of dermal substitute / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF 165) gene on vascularization of dermal substitute in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in M199 medium containing FBS in the volume fraction of 10% (briefly called complete medium). (1) HUVECs were divided into non-transfection group (without transfection), empty vector group [transfected with pIRES2-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) plasmid], and VEGF plasmid group (transfected with pIRES2-EGFP-VEGF plasmid) according to the random number table, with 6 wells in each group. At post transfection hour (PTH) 24, the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in each group was observed under inverted phase contrast fluorescence microscope, and the expression rate of GFP was detected with flow cytometer. Cells in non-transfection group were tested with the same methods as listed above. The cells in stable transfection in empty vector group and VEGF plasmid group were sifted by neomycin. The mRNA and protein expression levels of VEGF 165 in cells and the protein amount of VEGF 165 in the supernatant of cell culture medium in 3 groups were respectively determined by real-time fluorescent quantitation PCR, Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (2) Forty-eight male nude mice were divided into 4 groups according to the random number table, with 12 mice in each group. Mice in saline group were subcutaneously implanted with dermal substitutes which had been cultured in saline for 2 days on both sides of back (the same site below); mice in medium group were subcutaneously implanted with dermal substitutes which had been cultured in complete medium for 2 days; mice in non-transfected cells group were subcutaneously implanted with dermal substitutes that had been cultured in complete medium with non-transfected HUVECs for 2 days; mice in transfected cells group were subcutaneously implanted with dermal substitutes that had been cultured in complete medium with HUVECs stably transfected with VEGF plasmid for 2 days. The dermal substitutes in every group were taken out on post operation day (POD) 3, 7, 14, and 21. Distributions of microvessels and HUVECs in dermal substitutes were observed by immunohistochemical staining, and the microvessel number was counted on POD 14; the expression level of VEGF 165 protein in dermal substitutes was determined by Western blotting. The experiments were all done in triplicate. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and LSD method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Obvious green fluorescence was only observed in the two groups with transfected cells at PTH 24. Expression rates of GFP in the cells of non-transfection group, empty vector group, and VEGF plasmid group were respectively 0, (85.2 ± 3.2) %, and (93.1 ± 2.4) %. In the non-transfection group, empty vector group, and VEGF plasmid group, the relative expression amounts of VEGF 165 mRNA were respectively 1, 1.05 ± 0.09, and 3.02 ± 0.13 (F = 5.28, P < 0.05); the relative expression amounts of VEGF 165 protein were respectively 0.78 ± 0.16, 0.76 ± 0.13, and 1.92 ± 0.18 (F = 7.62, P < 0.05); the protein quantity of VEGF 165 in cell supernatant was respectively (62.4 ± 2.7), (73.1 ± 3.8), (117.5 ± 3.1) pg/mL (F = 15.08, P < 0.05). The mRNA and protein levels of VEGF 165 and VEGF 165 protein amount in supernatant were significantly higher in VEGF plasmid group than in the other two groups, with P values all below 0.05. (2) The number of HUVECs in dermal substitutes of transfected cells group was significantly higher than that of the other three groups on POD 14. The numbers of microvessels of dermal substitutes on POD 14 in saline group, medium group, non-transfected cells group, transfected cells group were respectively 4.2 ± 1.1, 5.2 ± 1.1, 6.6 ± 0.9, 13.8 ± 0.8 per 200 times visual field (F = 17.96, P < 0.01). The microvessel number in transfected cells group was significantly higher than that of the other three groups, with P values all below 0.05. The relative expression ratio of VEGF 165 protein of dermal substitutes in transfected cells group was significantly higher than that in saline group as of POD 7. On POD 14 and 21, the relative expression ratios of VEGF 165 proteins in non-transfected cells group (1.652 ± 0.086, 2.152 ± 0.062) and transfected cells group (2.403 ± 0.091, 2.879 ± 0.047) were significantly higher than those of saline group (1.299 ± 0.027, 1.362 ± 0.103), with P values all below 0.05. And the index level of transfected cells group was significantly higher than that in non-transfected cells group (with P values below 0.05). The VEGF 165 protein content in dermal substitutes increased with time extension in all groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Transfection of VEGF 165 gene in HUVEC could effectively facilitate vascularization of dermal substitutes in vivo by high expression of VEGF 165 protein.</p>

Investigation on the real herb of Mugwort leaf and the standard of its processing for moxibustion / 中国针灸

Mugwort leaf is the traditional herb being used for moxibustion. Although its place of production and the course of making Mugwort floss have been described in detail, there is no unified standard about the quality and processing of Mugwort floss until now, which seriously affect on the popularity and application of moxibustion. In accordance with the real herb of Mugwort leaf and floss as well as its processing and quality judgment, this paper thoroughly analyze the related data including ancient documents, modern research results and clinical applications. The authors consider that the Mugwort floss in the market is lack of regulations for its processing, and it needs to be discussed the way to judge the quality of Mugwort leaf by volatile oil, suggesting that the further study on the quality control of Mugwort leaf and floss has to be carried out from multiple aspects, such as physical attributes and chemical characteristics.

Effects of human urinary tissue kallikreins on vasodilation of basilar artery in rabbits with symptomatic cerebral vasospasm / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of urinary kallidinogenase on subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rabbits.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rabbits symptomatic cerebral vasospasm model was built though Endo method, among the 40 rabbits, 8 died or had severe nervous system syndrome, the other 32 were randomly divided into 4 groups:group A, control group, injection of normal saline to the cisterna magna;group B, subarachnoid hemorrhage;group C, injection of human urinary tissue kallikreins;group D, treated with Nimodipine. The behavior scores, neurological scores and cerebral angiography changes were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Food intake obviously decreased and neurological deficit were seen in group B, while which were attenuated in group C and group D, and group A was normal. Comparing the diameter of basilar artery was (1.9 +/- 0.3) mm before SAH, the diameter of group B 4 d later was (1.5 +/- 0.3) mm, 7 d later (1.4 +/- 0.3) mm, the difference was significant (P < 0.05). Comparing with group C on the day 4th and 7th, the diameters of basilar artery were significantly different (P < 0.001). Comparing with group D on the day 4th, 7th and 14th, there was no obvious improvement.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Urinary kallidinogenase and Nimodipine can obviously alleviate symptomatic cerebral vasospasm in rabbits remarkably, but the former's effect of attenuating vasospasm is better than that of Nimodipine.</p>