Predation Rate on Olive Riley Sea Turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) Nests with Solitary Nesting Activity from 2008 to 2021 at Corozalito, Costa Rica.

In Corozalito beach, Costa Rica, Olive Ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) nest both solitarily and in arribadas. The predation of solitary nests was monitored from 2008 to 2021, recording date, time, sector of the beach, zone, status of nest (predated or partially predated) and predator when possible. We recorded 4450 predated nests in total (N = 30,148 nesting events); predation rates showed a fluctuating trend, with recent percentages reaching up to 30%, with four distinctive dips in 2010, 2014, 2016 and 2017. The spatial distribution of predated nests along the beach showed significant differences among the sectors regardless of the seasons (Friedman test, chi-squared = 14.778, df = 2, p-value = 0.000), with most predated nests (47.62%) occurring in the northern sectors of the beach. Predators were identified by their tracks and/or direct observations (N = 896, 24.08%). The most conspicuous predators identified were raccoons (55.69%) and black vultures (22.77%). As seen in Corozalito, predation rates have increased in recent years despite established conservation efforts. A comprehensive assessment of all threats towards the overall hatching success for clutches is needed, considering predation during mass nesting events, poaching and beach erosion, among other factors, to fully understand the nesting dynamics occurring in this beach.

Dynamics of human take and animal predation on sea turtle nests in Northwest Costa Rica.

Many conservation projects relocate sea turtle eggs to hatcheries to protect the sea turtle nests from the anthropogenic and natural threats they face in the early stages of development. The Rescue Center for Endangered Marine Species (CREMA) manages four sea turtle conservation projects on the nesting beaches of the Southern Nicoya Peninsula in Costa Rica, where the predominant nesting activity is from olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea). Two of these nesting projects are based in Costa de Oro and San Miguel, which are adjacent beaches divided by an estuary. In this study, we compared the dynamics and rates of human and animal predation of nests prior to being relocated to the hatchery on both nesting beaches from 2012 to 2018. We hypothesized that human take and animal predation were compensatory threats, meaning that lower human take may result in higher animal predation, and vice versa, resulting in a similar number of nests lost to predation overall. We discuss the community-based conservation programs on both beaches, one of which has been monitored since 1998 (San Miguel) and the other of which has been monitored since 2012 (Costa de Oro). We found that Costa de Oro exhibited high rates of human take with up to 51% of nests being extracted per season, which has decreased since the conservation project was established. Human take was significantly higher than animal predation on both beaches and human take was significantly higher in Costa de Oro. While San Miguel exhibited higher animal predation, the difference was not statistically significant. Higher depredation by animals corresponded to higher overall nest abundance on both beaches. We were unable to find evidence that human take or animal predation increased in the absence of the other threat, suggesting a lack of compensatory effects of predation. Our findings support further analysis of animal predation and a continuation of patrol-based conservation efforts as well as community outreach to attempt to merge cultural values with sea turtle conservation.

Corozalito: a nascent arribada nesting beach in Costa Rica.

Costa Rica hosts two renowned olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) arribada beaches: Nancite and Ostional. In addition, the country hosts a third nascent arribada beach in Corozalito. We documented the frequency of arribada events in Corozalito (9°50'55.40″ N; 85°22' 47.67″ W) from 2008 to 2021 and the abundance of egg-laying females during 12 arribadas. Moreover, we report on tag recaptures at Corozalito that were initially deployed at other nesting beaches in Costa Rica. Finally, we estimated incubation temperature, and performed quadrat and nest excavations to estimate hatching rates. We registered 29 arribadas at Corozalito since 2008, all between August and January. We estimated more than 150,000 olive ridleys nested during 12 arribadas from 2019 to 2021. Mean hatching success was 65% in quadrats and 59% for in situ marked nests. The mean incubation temperature was 32.3 °C. We found turtles tagged at other locations on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica nesting at Corozalito, providing evidence of philopatric plasticity. We suggest nascent arribada rookeries form rapidly via recruitment from regional turtle aggregations. Our findings show that hatching success is far higher at Corozalito than Ostional or Nancite. Continued monitoring of nesting dynamics at this site may shed light upon the mechanisms that rule how arribada beaches are born and evolve. Corozalito offers a unique opportunity to study and understand the arribada phenomenon and warrants official protection under official National Wildlife Refuge status.

Economic impact and cost savings of teledermatology units compared to conventional monitoring at hospitals in southern Spain.

INTRODUCTION: Asynchronous teledermatology (TD) has undergone exponential growth in the past decade, allowing better diagnosis. Moreover, it saves both cost and time and reduces the number of visits involving travel and opportunity cost of time spent on visits to the hospital. The present study performed a cost-saving analysis of TD units and assessed whether they offered a cheaper alternative to conventional monitoring (CM) in hospitals from the perspective of public health-care systems (PHS) and patients. METHODS: This study was a retrospective assessment of 7030 patients. A cost-saving analysis comparing TD units to CM for patients at the Hospital de Poniente was performed over a period of one year. The TD network covered the Hospital de Poniente reference area (Spain) linked to 37 primary care (PC) centres that belonged to the Poniente Health District of Almeria. RESULTS: We observed a significant cost saving for TD units compared to participants in the conventional follow-up group. From the perspective of a PHS, there was a cost saving of 31.68% in the TD group (€18.59 TD vs. €27.20 CM) during the follow-up period. The number of CM visits to the hospital reduced by 38.14%. From the patients' perspective, the costs were lower, and the cost saving was 73.53% (€5.45 TD vs. €20.58 CM). DISCUSSION: The cost-saving analysis showed that the TD units appeared to be significantly cheaper compared to CM.

Parental stress and satisfaction during children's hospitalization: differences between immigrant and autochthonous population.

This study explored the relation between parents' stress and satisfaction during children's hospitalization, seeking possible differences between immigrant and autochthonous population and also as a function of gender in a sample of parents of hospitalized children in Andalusia, Spain. A total of 1347 parents participated in this study. Of the sample, 50% were immigrants and the other 50% were autochthonous. The assessment instruments were the Hospitalization Stress Scale and the Satisfaction with Hospitalization Scale. The results show that stress was associated with the manifestations of the child's illness, the alteration of family life or of parental roles during the process and some aspects of the clinical staff's work. General satisfaction in immigrant parents was higher than in the autochthonous population and the levels of satisfaction were higher in men than in women. Small changes and initiatives in relation to care could substantially improve the satisfaction of patients and their relatives during the process of hospitalization.

La inadecuada estructuración de los proyectos vitales: un problema de salud en la sociedad contemporánea / The inadequate structuring of vital projects: a health problem in contemporary society

Introducción: los proyectos de vida constituyen una de las configuraciones subjetivas más complejas de la personalidad. Al integrar contenidos y formaciones psicológicas significativas del sujeto, revisten gran trascendencia en la regulación conductual. Objetivo: polemizar sobre la consideración del inadecuado proceso de configuración de los proyectos de vida como una problemática de salud. Método: revisión sobre las configuraciones complejas de la personalidad en torno a los proyectos de vida. Resultados: la inadecuada estructuración de los proyectos de vida deviene en problemática de salud en tanto afecta el desarrollo de la personalidad, así como el ajuste del sujeto al entorno y a su tiempo. La cultura y el nivel de desarrollo humano alcanzado como sociedad mediatizan la estructuración de los proyectos en sus contenidos y en su expresión, de modo continuo y dialéctico. Conclusión: los proyectos de vida constituyen una de las configuraciones subjetivas más complejas, con alto nivel de intermediación cultural, su inadecuada estructuración, deviene en problemática de salud que afecta el desarrollo polivalente de la personalidad, así como el ajuste del sujeto al entorno y a su tiempo. La cultura y el nivel de desarrollo humano mediatizan la estructuración de los proyectos, por lo que se debe potenciar una adecuada configuración de los proyectos de vida como un paso significativo en el logro del desarrollo humano(AU)

Introduction: Life projects constitute a complex subjective configuration of the personality. When integrating contents and psychological significant formations of the subject, review great transcendence in the regulation of the behavior. Objective: To discuss about the consideration of the inadequate process of life project as a health problem. Methods: Revision on complex configurations of personality regarding life projects. Results: Inadequate structure of life projects is a health problem affecting personality development, so as its adjustment to environment and its time. Culture and level of human development obtained so far as society mediate structure of projects in content and expression, continuosly and dialectically. Conclusion: life Project constitute one of the most complex subjective configuration, with ha high degree of cultural intermediation; its inadequate structure as a health problem affecting the development of personality, so as its adjustment to environment and time. Culture and human level of development mediate project structure, that is why it sholud be potentiate an adequate configuration of life projects as a significant step in the achievements of human development(EU)

La inadecuada estructuración de los proyectos vitales: un problema de salud en la sociedad contemporánea / The inadequate structuring of vital projects: a health problem in contemporary society

Introducción: los proyectos de vida constituyen una de las configuraciones subjetivas más complejas de la personalidad. Al integrar contenidos y formaciones psicológicas significativas del sujeto, revisten gran trascendencia en la regulación conductual. Objetivo:polemizar sobre la consideración del inadecuado proceso de configuración de los proyectos de vida como una problemática de salud. Método: revisión sobre las configuraciones complejas de la personalidad en torno a los proyectos de vida. Resultados: la inadecuada estructuración de los proyectos de vida deviene en problemática de salud en tanto afecta el desarrollo de la personalidad, así como el ajuste del sujeto al entorno y a su tiempo. La cultura y el nivel de desarrollo humano alcanzado como sociedad mediatizan la estructuración de los proyectos en sus contenidos y en su expresión, de modo continuo y dialéctico. Conclusión: los proyectos de vida constituyen una de las configuraciones subjetivas más complejas, con alto nivel de intermediación cultural, su inadecuada estructuración, deviene en problemática de salud que afecta el desarrollo polivalente de la personalidad, así como el ajuste del sujeto al entorno y a su tiempo. La cultura y el nivel de desarrollo humano mediatizan la estructuración de los proyectos, por lo que se debe potenciar una adecuada configuración de los proyectos de vida como un paso significativo en el logro del desarrollo humano(AU)

Introduction: Life projects constitute a complex subjective configuration of the personality. When integrating contentsand psychological significant formations of the subject, review great transcendence in the regulation of the behavior. Objective: To discuss about the consideration of the inadequate process of life project as a health problem. Methods: Revision on complex configurations of personality regarding life projects. Results: Inadequate structure of life projects is a health problem affecting personality development, so as its adjustment to environment and its time. Culture and level of human development obtained so far as society mediate structure of projects in content and expression, continuosly and dialectically. Conclusion: life Project constitute one of the most complex subjective configuration, with ha high degree of cultural intermediation; its inadequate structure as a health problem affecting the development of personality, so as its adjustment to environment and time. Culture and human level of development mediate project structure, that is why it sholud be potentiate an adequate configuration of life projects as a significant step in the achievements of human development(EU)

Estado visual del paciente pseudofáquico, con opacidad de la cápsula posterior, antes y después del tratamiento con láser / Pseudophakic patient visual state with posterior capsule opacity, before and after the laser treatment

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con el objetivo de describir el estado visual del paciente pseudofáquico, con opacidad de la cápsula posterior, antes y después del tratamiento con láser. El universo de estudio y la muestra quedó conformado por 113 ojos correspondientes a 56 pacientes con opacidad de la cápsula posterior a los que se le realizó tratamiento con láser, de julio a noviembre de 2007, en el Centro Oftalmológico del Estado Bolívar. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, agudeza visual antes y después del tratamiento, enfermedades oftalmológicas que conspiraron contra la mejoría de la visión. Se utilizó el método estadístico simple, y como medidas de resumen los números absolutos y porciento. Antes del tratamiento con laser, el 46,0 por ciento de los ojos tenían una agudeza visual de 0,2 a 0,3. Después del tratamiento con el laser el 74,5 por ciento de los pacientes mejoraron su agudeza visual de 0,7 a 1,0. Sólo el 3,4 por ciento de los pacientes no mejoraran su visión por presentar una atrofia óptica glaucomatosa. La capsulotomía con láser logra que el paciente mejore considerablemente su visión, si no existe ninguna enfermedad oftalmológica que conspire contra ello(AU)

It was carried out a descriptive transversal study with the objective of describing the pseudophakic patient visual state, with posterior capsule opacity, before and after the laser treatment. The universe of study and the sample were formed by 113 eyes corresponding to 56 patients with posterior capsule opacity to whom were carried out a laser treatment from July to November 2007 in the Ophthalmologic Centre of the Bolivar state. The studied variables were: age, sex, visual acuteness before and after the treatment, ophthalmologic illnesses that conspired against the improvement of the sight. The results were presented in charts; the simple statistical method was used; as summaries measures the absolute numbers and per cent. Before the treatment with laser, 46.0 percent of the eyes had a visual acuteness from 0.2 to 0.3. After the laser treatment 74.5 percent of the patients improved their visual acuteness from 0.7 to 1, 0. Only 3.4 percent of the patients will not improve their sight for presenting a glaucomatous optical atrophy. The capsulotomy with laser achieve that the patient improves considerably his sight, if there is not any ophthalmologic illness that conspires against it(EU)