Novel sunprotection interventions to prevent skin cancer: A randomized study targeting Danes going on vacation to destinations with high UV index.

BACKGROUND: In Denmark, 16,500 cases of melanoma and keratinocyte cancers were registered in 2015, of which 90% could have been avoided by behavioral changes. We aimed to test novel interventions in a randomized design. The interventions targeted Danes going on vacation to high UVI destinations aiming to decrease sunburn by increasing use of sun protection to prevent skin cancer in the Danish population. METHODS: We report a randomized behavioral intervention during May-Dec 2018 with 1548 Danish adults on vacation in 2018 for a period of 1-3 weeks. The study population was population-based and aged 18-65 years. We tested two protection routines against minimal intervention control group (2-by2-factorial design): 1) Avoidance of the sun during peak hours and shade, use of the UV-index and planning of indoor/outdoor activity respectively and, 2) Coverage by increasing use of the hat advice and increasing sunscreen amount by application routine. Outcome was use of protection and sunburn. RESULTS: There were no differences in sunburn prevalence between intervention and control groups. Protection routine 1 and 2 both increased the overall protection score compared to non-users. Protection routine 1 increased the reported use of shade and decreased time exposed in the sun. Protection routine 2 increased the use of hat and sunscreen amount. CONCLUSION: Simple measures can help avoid the majority of one of the most widespread cancers worldwide. Vacations to high UVI destinations is a major influence on the annual Danish UV-exposure. We influenced travelers to protect themselves better and to increase sun protection behavior.

High-resolution hyaluronidase inhibition profiling combined with HPLC-HRMS-SPE-NMR for identification of anti-necrosis constituents in Chinese plants used to treat snakebite.

Inhibition of the necrotizing hyaluronidase, phospholipase A2 and protease enzymes in four snake venoms by crude water and ethanol extracts of 88 plant species used against snakebites in traditional Chinese medicine was measured. High-resolution hyaluronidase inhibition profiles were constructed for the 22 plants showing highest hyaluronidase inhibition, and the results were used to guide subsequent structural analysis towards specific hyaluronidase inhibitors. Structural analysis was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography, high-resolution mass spectrometry, solid-phase extraction and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, i.e., HPLC-HRMS-SPE-NMR. This allowed identification of four non-tannin inhibitors, i.e., lansiumamide B (6) from Clausena excavata Burm.f., myricetin 3-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (7) from Androsace umbellata (Lour.) Merr., and vitexin (8) and 4',7-dihydroxy-5-methoxyflavone-8-C-ß-D-glucopyranoside (9) from Oxalis corniculata L. Absolute configuration of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-methyl-3-phenyl-N-[(Z)-styryl]propanamide (1) was determined using the Mosher method, which revealed two enantiomers, i.e., (2S,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy-N-methyl-3-phenyl-N-[(Z)-styryl]propanamide and (2R,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-N-methyl-3-phenyl-N-[(Z)-styryl]propanamide with a ratio of 7:3.