RESUMO
An organized hematoma is a chronic state of fibrotic tissue surrounding a hemorrhage. A mass lesion resulting from hematoma in the maxillary sinus was first reported in 1917, and the term, "blood boil," was clinically coined from such features as encapsulated blood and locally aggressive behavior. Subsequently, others have reported lesions with a similar appearance and clinical course, and now, in Japan, blood boil is used as a clinical term for such lesions. Factors that may predispose a patient to hematoma formation vary, and the pathogenesis of the mass is still uncertain. The lesions are mainly composed of an organized hematoma, regardless of their origin. We present 2 cases of organized maxillary sinus hematomas that have unusual radiologic findings and correlate these findings with the histopathologic findings.
Assuntos
Hematoma/diagnóstico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Seio Maxilar/diagnóstico por imagem , Seio Maxilar/patologia , Doenças dos Seios Paranasais/diagnóstico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Ovarian cancer metastasis is associated with an increase in the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor uPAR. We present evidence that binding of uPA to uPAR provokes a mitogenic response in the human ovarian cancer cell line OV-MZ-6 in which endogenous uPA production had been significantly reduced by stable uPA 'antisense' transfection. High molecular weight (HMW) uPA, independent of its enzymatic activity, produced an up to 95% increase in cell number concomitant with 2-fold elevated [3H]thymidine incorporation as did the catalytically inactive but uPAR binding amino-terminal fragment of uPA, ATF. uPA-induced cell proliferation was significantly decreased by blocking uPA/uPAR interaction by the monoclonal antibody IIIF10 and by soluble uPAR. The efficiency of the uPAR binding synthetic peptide cyclo19,31 uPA19-31 to enhance OV-MZ-6 cell growth proved this molecular domain to be the minimal structural determinant for uPA mitogenic activity. Dependence of uPA-provoked cell proliferation on uPAR was further demonstrated in Raji cells which do not express uPAR and were thus not induced by uPA. However, upon transfection with full-length uPAR, Raji cells acquired a significant growth response to HMW uPA and ATF.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ovarianas/enzimologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Ativadores de Plasminogênio/farmacologia , Receptores de Superfície Celular/metabolismo , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tipo Uroquinase/farmacologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , DNA Antissenso , DNA de Neoplasias/biossíntese , Feminino , Humanos , Linfócitos , Peso Molecular , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/metabolismo , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/farmacologia , Ativadores de Plasminogênio/química , Ativadores de Plasminogênio/metabolismo , Ligação Proteica , Receptores de Superfície Celular/imunologia , Receptores de Ativador de Plasminogênio Tipo Uroquinase , Transfecção , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Fosfolipases Tipo C/farmacologia , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tipo Uroquinase/antagonistas & inibidores , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tipo Uroquinase/química , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tipo Uroquinase/metabolismoRESUMO
Plasma immunoreactive (IR-) urocortin (Ucn) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) levels in pregnant women were measured by their specific radioimmunoassays after extraction. Although plasma IR-CRF levels were increased in pregnant women as compared to men and non-pregnant women, there was no difference of plasma IR-Ucn levels among groups. Ucn mRNA was detected in cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts by in situ hybridization. A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed the major peak of IR-Ucn in placenta and plasma that had similar chromatographic mobility to synthetic Ucn1-40. These data suggest that Ucn is produced and processed into the same form of synthetic Ucn in placenta, but not secreted into maternal blood.
Assuntos
Hormônio Liberador da Corticotropina/sangue , Placenta/metabolismo , Adulto , Hormônio Liberador da Corticotropina/genética , Hormônio Liberador da Corticotropina/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Hibridização In Situ , Masculino , Troca Materno-Fetal , Placenta/química , Gravidez , Trimestres da Gravidez , RNA Mensageiro/isolamento & purificação , Radioimunoensaio , Caracteres Sexuais , UrocortinasRESUMO
The central axon of a primary afferent neuron that responded to indentation of the glabrous skin of the lower lip in a slowly adapting fashion was intra-axonally injected with horseradish peroxidase. The labeled terminal within the subnucleus oralis was examined electron microscopically. The labeled ending had a pale axoplasm and contained clear spherical synaptic vesicles. The labeled ending formed a synaptic triad with a dendrite and an unlabeled axonal ending with pleomorphic vesicles (a mixture of oval, flattened and dense core vesicles). The labeled primary ending was presynaptic only to the dendrite, while the unlabeled ending was presynaptic to both the dendrite and the labeled primary ending.
Assuntos
Mecanorreceptores/fisiologia , Neurônios/fisiologia , Sinapses/fisiologia , Núcleos do Trigêmeo/fisiologia , Animais , Transporte Axonal , Axônios/fisiologia , Axônios/ultraestrutura , Gatos , Vias Eferentes/anatomia & histologia , Vias Eferentes/fisiologia , Peroxidase do Rábano Silvestre , Lábio/inervação , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica , Neurônios/citologia , Neurônios/ultraestrutura , Sinapses/ultraestrutura , Núcleos do Trigêmeo/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
A case of intracranial multiple aneurysms associated with an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is described. Three aneurysms were found arising from an enlarged anterior cerebral artery feeding an AVM. In spite of the fact that two of these aneurysms received no surgical treatment, they disappeared almost completely several months after excision of the AVM. Seventy-three previously reported cases of cerebral aneurysms associated with AVM's are reviewed, and the effect of hemodynamic stresses on the development of these aneurysms is summarized.
Assuntos
Aneurisma Intracraniano/complicações , Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas/complicações , Adulto , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/etiologia , Aneurisma Intracraniano/fisiopatologia , Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Estresse Fisiológico/complicações , Estresse Fisiológico/etiologiaRESUMO
The authors report three cases of arteriovenous malformations (AVM's) with aneurysms arising from the feeding artery; all were successfully treated with a new nonadhesive liquid embolic material, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAL). In two patients the AVM's were totally removed without difficulty, and in one the AVM was managed conservatively after embolization. No new neurological deficits appeared during or after embolization. After road-mapping techniques, EVAL was injected slowly until the feeding artery and aneurysm were completely obliterated. This embolic agent is easy to handle and is considered safe compared with other adhesive liquid embolic agents, such as isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate or n-butyl cyanoacrylate. It is concluded that EVAL is an excellent agent for embolizing an AVM with a peripheral aneurysm on the feeding artery.
Assuntos
Malformações Arteriovenosas/terapia , Cerebelo/irrigação sanguínea , Embolização Terapêutica , Aneurisma Intracraniano/terapia , Polivinil , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Location of the motoneurons supplying the tensor veli palatini muscle of the rabbit was examined with the retrograde labeling technique following intramuscular injection of HRP. Labeled motoneurons were ipsilaterally located in the ventral or ventromedial portion of the rostral two-thirds of the motor trigeminal nucleus at the level of about 6.0 to 8.5 mm rostral to the obex. The location of the labeled motoneurons was ventromedial to the region supplying the masseter, the temporalis, and the medial pterygoid muscles and ventral to the region supplying the anterior digastric and the mylohyoid muscles, the location which coincided with the lateral pterygoid region. The labeled motoneurons were scattered around or in this region.
Assuntos
Músculos Faciais/inervação , Neurônios Motores/citologia , Coelhos/anatomia & histologia , Núcleos do Trigêmeo/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Peroxidase do Rábano Silvestre , Masculino , Núcleos do Trigêmeo/citologiaRESUMO
Dynamic computed tomography (DCT) was evaluated as a diagnostic indicator for chronic supratentorial ischemia in 50 cases with or without minor neurological deficits. Peak height (PH, the maximum value of the gamma fitted curve), peak time (PT, the time to PH from the start of DCT), transit time (TT, the time between the first and second inflection points of the gamma fitted curve), and their functional maps were analyzed. Cerebral angiography was then performed in all cases to identify stenotic or occlusive vascular lesions in major cerebral arteries. DCT clearly detected 12 of 13 occlusions of the internal carotid artery (ICA) or middle cerebral artery (MCA), although one ICA occlusion was masked by the contralateral MCA occlusion. However, DCT detected only severe ICA or MCA stenosis (more than 90%). Probably, stenotic lesions of less than 90% did not cause detectable hemodynamic compromise. DCT using PH, PT, and TT functional maps is a useful diagnostic method for hemodynamic changes in ischemic cerebrovascular disease, although bilateral lesions and less stenotic lesions (less than 90%) are difficult to detect.
Assuntos
Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Carótida Interna/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiografia Cerebral , Meios de Contraste , Diatrizoato de Meglumina , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The authors present the fifth reported case of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) associated with cyst formation. Among these five cases, computed tomography has demonstrated two types of cyst: round, and slit-like with low density. The three patients with slit-like cysts experienced sudden, severe headache, probably due to hemorrhage. The two patients with round cystic lesions did not have sudden headache, and at surgery the cysts were found to contain a mural nodule. These facts suggest that there may be two different mechanisms of cyst formation in the vicinity of an AVM: hemorrhage (slit-like cysts) and exudation (round cysts).
Assuntos
Encefalopatias/etiologia , Cistos/etiologia , Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas/complicações , Adulto , Encefalopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Cistos/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Most cases of spinal epidural abscesses occur in a midthoracic or lower lumbar location. Cervical spinal epidural abscess is distinctly rare, and its prognosis is not favorable due to respiratory problems. We report a case of cervical spinal epidural abscess. A 77-year-old male was admitted because of tetraparesis and dyspnea. Two months before admission, he had been treated by femoro-femoral bypass for arteriosclerosis obliterans , and he had suffered from postoperative wound infection one month later. He had noticed neck pain two days before admission, followed by a numbness and motor weakness in both hands. Neurological examination showed flaccid tetraplegy with an absence of DTRs, paralysis of intercostal muscles, loss of sensation below the C4 dermatome, and bladder dysfunction. A spinal CT scan revealed a mass lesion in the anterior epidural space from C2 to C6, which displaced the spinal cord posteriorly. A myelogram showed complete blockage of contrast medium at the level of C7-T1. He was treated by emergency laminectomy of C3 to C6 with evacuation of the epidural abscess. Culture showed staphylococcus aureus, for which appropriate antibiotics were administered. In spite of such an intensive treatment, the patient showed poor neurological improvement and died 42 days after operation.
Assuntos
Abscesso/cirurgia , Doenças da Coluna Vertebral/cirurgia , Abscesso/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Espaço Epidural , Humanos , Laminectomia , Masculino , Mielografia , Pescoço , Doenças da Coluna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecções Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecções Estafilocócicas/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
We report the usefulness of computed cerebral angiotomography (CT angiography) for demonstrating cerebral aneurysm and the clinical significance of CT angiography for ruptured cerebral aneurysm. Our modified method of CT angiography was easy and less time-consuming. Fifteen seconds after starting a single bolus injection, 1 ml/kg/25 seconds via cubital vein, of contrast medium (60% urograffin), 5 serial 5 mm thick-CT slices were scanned in every 6.5 seconds including 2 seconds of interval, beginning from an axial level 20 mm above the orbitomeatal line and ending at a level 40 mm. A total of 103 patients were examined in this report, consisting of 70 unruptured asymptomatic, 8 unruptured symptomatic (oculomotor nerve palsy) and 25 subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Seven unruptured aneurysms in 4 asymptomatic cases, 2 unruptured aneurysms in 2 symptomatic cases 27 aneurysms in 24 SAH cases were suspected by CT angiography. Of these 36 aneurysms suspected by CT angiography 32 aneurysms were confirmed by cerebral angiography. The detection rate of CT angiography in this report was 89%, higher than those of previous reports. Thirteen aneurysms were located at internal carotid-posterior communicating artery (ICPC) junction. 11 at anterior communicating artery (Acom), 7 at middle cerebral artery (MCA). CT angiography showed a false positive findings in 4 cases, which were all located at Acom. Four aneurysms were not detected in CT angiography, which were all located at MCA and were very small (2-3 mm) in diameter. There were no deteriorated cases during and after CT angiography. We suggest that CT angiography is a useful and safe method for predicting the location of not only unruptured but ruptured aneurysms.
Assuntos
Angiografia Cerebral , Aneurisma Intracraniano/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ruptura EspontâneaRESUMO
Seventeen cases of unclippable aneurysms were treated by the endovascular balloon technique. Nine of them involved the anterior circulation, and eight involved the posterior circulation. Eleven of them were treated by parent artery occlusion with detachable balloons. Three were treated by endosaccular balloon embolization, and three cases combined with AVMs were occluded using ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAL) including feeding arteries of the AVMs. Embolic complications occurred in one case of an IC bifurcation giant aneurysm treated by parent artery occlusion. Ischemic complications also appeared in two cases of aneurysms treated by endosaccular balloon embolization. In one case, the thrombus in the aneurysm propagated into the parent artery and occluded it later. In another case, the displaced balloon had obliterated the parent artery 6 hours after the embolization. Parent artery occlusion is a safe way to treat internal carotid giant aneurysms. However, endosaccular treatment still has some problems, i.e., 1) maintaining the balloon's position to preserve the parent artery, 2) balloon migration into the clot, 3) rupture of the aneurysm during or after treatment. Our studies indicate that endosaccular balloon embolization is still a high risk procedure and should be used only in selected cases, until new embolic agents, such as detachable coils, become available.
Assuntos
Cateterismo/efeitos adversos , Embolização Terapêutica/efeitos adversos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aneurisma Roto/etiologia , Isquemia Encefálica/etiologia , Angiografia Cerebral , Feminino , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/diagnóstico por imagem , Embolia e Trombose Intracraniana/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polivinil/uso terapêutico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
The vascular permeability of 50 brain tumors of various kinds was examined by means of dynamic CT. The degree of the vascular permeability within the tumor was evaluated according to the theoretical basis that the regression of the time-density curve after the peak to the base line became less in accord with the increase in vascular permeability. The time-density curves obtained from dynamic CT were classified into the following four types. Type 1; This type shows a similar pattern to normal brain tissue and is thought to reveal the normal vascular permeability. Type 2; this type shows intermediate pattern between type 1 and type 3. And the vascular permeability is thought to have been moderately increased. Type 3; This type shows the flattening or gradual increase in the time-density curve after forming the peak. The vascular permeability is thought to have increased markedly. Type 4; The peak of the time-density curve is lower than that of the white matter. This type of tumor is regarded to be least vascularized. All tumors except for gliomas and AVMs showed type 2 or 3 and their vascular permeability was thought to be increased. Most of the gliomas showed type 2 or 3, although some gliomas showed type 1 even in the lesion with positive contrast enhancement. In the lesions of such cases, it was thought that the vascular permeability was not affected significantly, so that blood brain barrier modification therapy by intraarterial mannitol infusion may be quite effective. All AVMs showed type 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/fisiopatologia , Permeabilidade Capilar , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Encefálicas/secundário , Feminino , Glioma/diagnóstico por imagem , Glioma/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Linfoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Linfoma/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Neoplasias Meníngeas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Meníngeas/fisiopatologia , Meningioma/diagnóstico por imagem , Meningioma/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
A rare case of a variant type of the persistent primitive trigeminal artery associated with bilateral hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery was reported. Left common carotid arteriography revealed a thin left internal carotid artery terminated at the ophthalmic artery. Right common carotid arteriography showed that a narrow internal carotid artery gave off several fine vessels to the cavernous portion, and terminated at the right superior cerebellar artery via the prominent persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PTA). Supraclinoid portions of the bilateral internal carotid arteries were not able to be found. Eventually the entire cerebral hemisphere was supplied by the vertebrobasilar system via the posterior communicating artery. The narrowed supraclinoid portion of the left internal carotid artery was confirmed by surgery of the left posterior cerebellar artery-posterior communicating artery aneurysm. This case may provide an important suggestion about the mechanism of the persistence of the primitive trigeminal artery. In an embryo, at the stage of 5-6mm embryo in size, the posterior communicating artery begins to develop and then PTAs begin to dwindle. If the C1- or C2- portion of the internal carotid artery is gradually occluded, the forebrain, which has to be supplied by the internal carotid system, must be supplied retrogradely by the basilar system via the posterior communicating artery. At this stage, however, the vertebral artery has not developed enough to supply the entire central nervous system. Therefore, the PTA can not regress and this results in the postnatal persistence of the primitive trigeminal artery.
Assuntos
Fístula Artério-Arterial/complicações , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/complicações , Artéria Carótida Interna/anormalidades , Cerebelo/irrigação sanguínea , Aneurisma Intracraniano/etiologia , Adulto , Artérias , Fístula Artério-Arterial/diagnóstico por imagem , Fístula Artério-Arterial/embriologia , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/embriologia , Artéria Carótida Interna/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiografia Cerebral , Humanos , Masculino , Ruptura EspontâneaRESUMO
A case of T cell type primary lymphoma of the CNS is reported. A 50-year-old man was admitted because of speech and memory disturbance and dyscalculia. He had suffered from uveitis of both eyes two years before admission. Neurological examination revealed motor aphasia, finger agnosia, dyscalculia and memory disturbance. CT scan showed a mass lesion which was enhanced irregularly by the contrast medium in the left temporoparietal region. CAG confirmed the presence of a left temporoparietal avascular mass. Total removal of the tumor was performed through the left temporoparietal craniotomy. Histopathological diagnosis of the tumor was malignant lymphoma (diffuse, large cell type). Immunological study with tumor cells in the cerebrospinal fluid revealed that the tumor was T cell type malignant lymphoma. After postoperative whole CNS irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate injection, his preoperative symptoms disappeared. No evidence of the tumor recurrence is seen under CT scan one year and two months after the tumor resection. Relationship between the cell type of the tumor and CT findings is discussed.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Linfoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Angiografia Cerebral , Humanos , Linfoma/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Linfócitos T , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
We have developed a new blocking balloon system for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of the internal carotid artery (ICA). A latex balloon (BALT) is attached on the top of a Superselector infusion-type catheter (TORAY) which is used as a blocking balloon catheter. It can be navigated into the distal part of the ICA under torque control as well as flow control by withdrawing the core wire. Our PTA procedure is as follows, 1) insert the sheath catheter 8-9 F in size, 2) insert the PTA balloon catheter (Accent balloon, Cook) with a blocking balloon catheter through the sheath catheter, 3) navigate the blocking balloon into the distal part of the ICA, 4) introduce the PTA balloon to the stenotic portion after occlusion of the distal ICA by the blocking balloon, 5) PTA, 6) wash the lumen of the ICA with saline, 7) deflate the blocking balloon and withdraw the system. We performed PTA for 5 ICA lesions in 4 cases and got successful dilatations for all of them without complications. Our blocking balloon system is useful for performing the PTA of the ICA safely.
Assuntos
Angioplastia com Balão/instrumentação , Estenose das Carótidas/terapia , Idoso , Angioplastia com Balão/métodos , Artéria Carótida Interna , Desenho de Equipamento , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
We measured carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in 43 cases with abnormal nipple discharge by means of enzyme immunoassay utilizing monoclonal anti-CEA antibodies. When the cut-off value was set at 400 ng/ml so that the cases where measured values are not less than this value may be interpreted to be positive, the sensitivity and specificity were 60% and 75% respectively. The clear relationship was virtually observed between the concentration of CEA in nipple discharge and the cytological diagnosis. 9 of 10 malignant cases showed positive in both or either of the CEA assay and the cytological examination. And we could find 1 case of the zero stage of breast cancer and 4 cases in non-invasive carcinoma (Tis) through the combined diagnosis. On the other hand, only 2 of 8 benign cases showed false positive results. The correlation between the CEA concentration in nipple discharge and intratumoral expression of CEA was also observed. In this study, we concluded that the combined use of the enzyme immunoassay and the cytological examination would be more effective in the detection of early breast cancer accompanied with abnormal nipple discharge.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/análise , Exsudatos e Transudatos/imunologia , Mamilos/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos TestesRESUMO
Benign notochordal cell tumours have recently been described as intraosseous benign lesions of notochordal cell origin. The lesions are found in vertebral bodies in 20% of autopsy studies and are a potential precursor of chordoma. We report a rare case of lumbar vertebral chordoma that was thought to arise from a benign intraosseous notochordal cell tumour and which showed significant osteosclerotic change. Radiologically, the lumbar vertebral mass lesion showed hyperintensity on T2 weighted images, with scanty enhancement on post-contrast T1 weighted MR images. High uptake corresponding to the mass was noted on fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Bone biopsy revealed proliferation of the physaliphorous cells between thickened bone trabeculae; no nuclear mitosis was observed. Although the mass was diagnosed clinically as spinal chordoma, histopathology contained both benign notochordal cell tumour and conventional chordoma. After heavy particle (11C)-charged radiation therapy was applied to the lesion with a sufficient radiation field margin, the tumour volume significantly decreased and there was improvement in the patient's symptoms. On follow-up radiological studies, the tumour had markedly regressed and there was no tumour regrowth or distant metastasis. In this case report, benign notochordal cell tumour and conventional chordoma are histopathologically identified in the L1 vertebral body, which contains osteosclerotic and osteolytic areas. It is suggested that the benign notochordal cell tumour coexists with a conventional chordoma and that this histopathological finding supports a hypothetical relationship between benign notochordal cell tumour and chordoma.