Diagnostic utility of translabial ultrasound in pelvic organ prolapse: a prospective observational study.

BACKGROUND: The increasing awareness of women's health issues, specifically pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and urinary incontinence (UI), has spurred a surge in patients seeking specialised advice for these conditions, necessitating modern diagnostic approaches for such issues. This study explored the diagnostic utility of translabial ultrasound for POP, emphasising its correlation with clinical assessments based on International Continence Society (ICS) criteria. METHODS: Seventy-one patients with POP Quantification System (POP-Q) stage 0-IV with or without UI were prospectively enrolled at Jagiellonian University Medical College between 2014 and 2016. The study objectives included evaluating diagnostic accuracy and concordance across pelvic compartments, correlating the diagnoses with patient-reported symptoms, and identifying variables contributing to diagnostic discrepancies. RESULTS: Translabial ultrasound identified POP in 74.5% of the patients, aligning closely with clinical evaluations. Concordance was the highest in assessments performed in the medial compartment (85.8%), while assessments performed in the anterior (29.6%) and posterior (29.6%) compartments showed higher rates of discrepancies. Correlation analyses showed varying associations, with the posterior compartment exhibiting the least pronounced correlation (R = 0.72, p < 0.0001). Self-perceive POP showed no discernible differences in relation to ultrasonographic and clinical assessments. Among the respondents, 55.9% reported experiencing the sensation of POP. Mean POP levels determined using the two approaches precisely matched in 46.5% of these cases. Discrepancies involved variables such as self-perceived POP, number of deliveries, child weight at birth, UI, and sexual activity. CONCLUSIONS: Translabial ultrasound showed robust correlation with clinical assessments for evaluating POP, especially for defining defects and facilitating treatment-related decision-making. Our findings highlight the reliability of this method, particularly for assessments in the medial compartment. The evidence did not indicate the superiority of either method in detecting POP disorders for symptomatic versus asymptomatic patients. Significantly, a higher POP-Q measurement in clinical examination was correlated with greater sexual activity.

Pelvic organ prolapse can affect up to 50% of women after delivery. This study examined the usefulness of transperineal ultrasound in evaluating the presence and degree of pelvic organ prolapse. Our findings demonstrated a robust correlation between the results of clinical and translabial ultrasound examinations in assessing the degree of pelvic organ prolapse. Translabial ultrasound is an inexpensive and accessible method that can confirm the clinical manifestations of pelvic organ prolapse and serve as an alternative to clinical examination, thereby supporting the decision-making process regarding surgical treatment.

Couples' sexual health after gynaecological cancer diagnosis - an unexplored area for further research.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to assess the sexual inhibitory tone, body image, self-concept, and sexual performance in couples after gynaecological cancer treatment, and to identify areas for further prospective studies. Material and methods: Thirty gynaecological cancer survivors with a heterosexual partner were assessed during a semi-structural sexual interview. Sexual excitation/sexual inhibition scales were used to evaluate proneness to sexual stimuli, whereas a body exposure during sexual activity questionnaire was used to assess body avoidance during sex. Self-concept in cancer survivors was evaluated by a sexual self-scheme scale. The differences in sexual needs, satisfaction, and sexual activity were comped between women and their partners. Results: In survivors and their partners the sexual inhibitory tone was higher than the excitatory tone - 3.91 and 2.45 vs. 2.97 and 2.31, respectively. Most women were schematic-positive and co-schematic - 46.7% and 40.0%, respectively. The decrease in importance of sex was higher in women compared to their partners (D change -0.88 and -0.22, respectively). The frequency of satisfying sex decreased after treatment in women but increased in their partners - D change: -1.04 and +2.94, respectively. Satisfaction with sexual life and quality of relationship improved or did not change after cancer diagnosis in women. None of the sexual response elements were changed by the cancer diagnosis in partners. Conclusions: In cancer survivors with a sexual partner, both people should be carefully counselled because there are some important differences in perception of sexual needs within the couple. Avoiding body exposure during sex and differences in proneness to sexual stimuli should be explored in further studies.

Do oral combined contraceptive pills modify body image and sexual function?

BACKGROUND: The effect of hormonal contraceptives on sexual function and body image is still controversial. Existing studies have not come to definite conclusions on the association between hormonal contraceptive use and sexual function/presence of sexual dysfunction or changes in body image perception. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sexual problems/dysfunction in Polish women of reproductive age (18-45 years) and to assess to what extent oral combined contraceptive pills (OCCP) impact body image, sexual function and the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD). METHODS: A total of 495 women were included in this cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. Sexual function was assessed by the Changes in Sexual Function Questionnaire (CSFQ), the prevalence of FSD was assessed by DSM-5 criteria, and body image was assessed by the Body Exposure during Sexual Activity Questionnaire (BESAQ). A total of 237 women using OCCP were the study group (HC), and the rest were controls (CG). A regression model was used to evaluate the influence of the selected variables on sexual function and the presence of FSD. RESULTS: The prevalence of FSD was 7.5% in HC and 2.6% in CG, and 22% compared to 14% of women in HC and CG, respectively, reported sexual problems (CSFQ). The demographic characteristics of those using other contraception methods or not using any contraception (control group) were similar. The contraceptive group was characterized by significantly higher importance of sex (4.03 vs. 3.79), worse partner's attitude toward sex (4.35 vs. 4.47), worse self-attitude toward sex (4.35 vs. 4.47), and worse body image (BESAQ) compared to controls. Among all of the variables, a lower level of anxiety (t = -1.99), positive attitudes toward sex (t = 2.05), watching erotic videos (t = 5.58) and a higher importance of sex (t = 5.66) were predictive of better sexual function (R2-0.38, F = 28.9, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Sexual behaviors and function are different in those using OCCP compared to nonusers. The prevalence of sexual problems and dysfunction was higher in those using this hormonal method of contraception; however, using OCCP was not a risk factor for either worse sexual function or sexual dysfunction. Partners' attitudes toward sex and general anxiety level were factors contributing to sexual function and the risk of sexual dysfunction in the population of women of reproductive age and should be routinely evaluated in clinical practice, especially before prescribing hormonal contraceptives.

Clinician attitude towards sexual counseling in women with gynecologic malignancies: European Network of Young Gynaecological Oncologists (ENYGO) survey.

OBJECTIVE: Both the location of primary disease and treatment side effects may have an impact on sexual function in oncogynecological patients. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence, strategies, difficulties, and ideas for improvement in sexual counseling among specialists managing patients with gynecologic malignancies. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional survey study performed among healthcare professionals treating patients with gynecologic malignancies. A self-prepared questionnaire included 61 questions concerning general demographic information and different aspects of sexual counseling in the gynecologic oncology practice. Analysis included attitudes, behaviors, management strategies, difficulties, and ideas for possible systemic improvements. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics, two-sided chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: A total of 150 respondents from 46 countries answered the survey. The majority of survey participants stated that sexual counseling of oncological patients is very important (n=73, 49%) or important (n=46, 31%). One hundred and two (68%) respondents agreed that sexual counseling of gynecologic oncology patients should be routinely provided by the specialist managing the primary disease. However, collecting information concerning sexual function is performed often or always by only 21% of respondents and 19% discuss the topic rarely or never. The most frequently indicated barriers leading to difficulties in sexual counseling include lack of time (74%), lack of specialist knowledge (55%), and patient embarrassment (48%). One hundred and seven (71%) respondents expressed interest in participating in sexual counseling workshops organized by the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO)/European Network of Young Gynaecological Oncologists (ENYGO), 74 (49%) would like to access webinars on the topic, and 120 (80%) would be interested in materials in the ESGO online educational resources. CONCLUSION: One of the proposed solutions to insufficient access to sexual care for women with gynecologic malignancies is providing access to specialist educational programs for both patients and healthcare specialists.

Sexual Inhibition and Sexual Excitation Scales in Men: Psychometric Properties of a Polish Adaptation.

The present study aimed to develop a Polish version of the Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scale (SIS/SES-PL) and explore its psychometric validity in a sample of 498 men aged between 18 and 55 years. We used exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to obtain the best model fit. Out of the 45 items in the original scale, 32 items with eight subscales and three higher-order factors: (sexual excitation [SES], sexual inhibition due to performance failure [SIS1], and sexual inhibition due to performance consequences [SIS2]) were included in the SIS/SES-PL. The SIS/SES-PL was found to have a good and satisfactory fit (comparative fit index = .87; Tucker-Lewis Index = .85; root mean square error of approximation = .054; χ2 = 1108.7; p < .001; test-retest reliability Cronbach's alpha = .93). A small correlation between age and the SIS1 and SIS2 scores was detected. However, forward multiple regression analysis revealed a significant correlation only between age and SIS1 [ß = .23, p < .001, R2 for model = .05; F(1, 494) = 27.52, p < .001]. Furthermore, a moderate correlation between SIS1 and SES2, as well as SIS1 and general inhibition properties (measured using the Behavioral Inhibition Scale), was noted. In the case of SIS2, only small effects were observed, with the highest values for engaging in risky sexual behavior. Out of the total number of 42 variables, a moderate correlation between SES and the following was described: importance of sex, hypersexual behaviors, frequency of masturbation, frequency of sexual activities per month, sexual risk-taking, high promiscuity (measured using the Sociosexual Orientation Inventory Revised-Drive), general activation properties (measured using the Behavioral Activation Scale), neuroticism, and erotophilic tendencies (measured using the Sexual Opinion Survey-Short Form). The results of the study allowed us to conclude that the SIS/SES-PL might be a useful tool for tailoring therapy for men with sexual problems, as well as in the field of clinical research on sexual inhibition and excitation. Furthermore, it is a reliable and useful tool for measuring propensities for sexual excitement and inhibition.

Sexual self-schema: a cognitive schema and its relationship to choice of contraceptive method among Polish women.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to examine sexual self-schema in women using different methods of contraception. Methods: Women (N = 560) aged 18-55 years were divided into two groups: those who used hormonal contraception (n = 285) and those who used non-hormonal contraception (n = 275). Participants were assessed using the Sexual Self-Schema Scale (SSSS), the Well-Matched Marriage Questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and were also asked to fill in a structured questionnaire, giving information on their socioeconomic status, reproductive and medical history, sexual behaviours, psychosexual orientation, sexual experience and type of contraception used. Results: Women in the hormonal group scored lower on romantic, passionate and direct subscales of the SSSS, compared with women in the non-hormonal group. Of the total sample, 35% were classified as positive schematic. Women in the hormonal group were found to be more negative schematic and aschematic as well as less co-schematic compared with women in the non-hormonal group. Furthermore, women in the hormonal group were significantly less religious and perceived their self-evaluated weight to be higher compared with women in the non-hormonal group. Logistic regression revealed that negative schematic (odds ratio [OR] 6.6) and aschematic women (OR 3.7), as well as women with more deliveries (OR 1.6), were more likely to choose hormonal contraception. Conclusion: A sexual self-schema might be a relevant factor affecting the choice of contraceptive method. All women seeking hormonal contraception who are aschematic or negative schematic should consult with a sexual medicine specialist, because those individuals may have more profound reasons underlying their need for this type of contraception.

Body image during sexual activity in the population of Polish adult women.

INTRODUCTION: Recently it has been shown that body image during sexual activities is a better predictor of the diversity of sexual experience than body image as a psychological trait. To measure contextual body image (as a state) the Body Exposure During Sexual Activity Questionnaire (BESAQ) was developed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 845 women aged 18-55 years were included in the study. The original model was first translated into Polish and consulted to create the version to be further validated. The original model was tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The population was divided in two equal groups - group 1 was used for exploratory factor analysis. Discriminant and convergent validity were checked. Sexual function was assessed by the Changes in Sexual Function Questionnaire. RESULTS: The Polish model of BESAQ (BESAQ-PL) consisted of 28 items with 2 lower-order factors. It had a satisfactory goodness of fit - comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.93, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.94, root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.06 and χ2 = 1360.0, df = 337, p< 0.001, excellent internal consistency measured by Cronbach's α = 0.88 and satisfactory discriminate validity. State body image (BESAQ-PL) did not predict sexual functioning. Face was the most important for self-consciousness during sexual contact in the population of Polish women. CONCLUSIONS: State body image correlates with sexual functions but is not a major factor influencing sexual performance. Women in Poland are not anxious about body exposure during sexual activity. The BESAQ-PL may be used in the population of Polish women between 18 and 55 years of age.

Synchronous uterine adenocarcinoma and leiomyosarcoma - a case study.

Synchronous gynecological cancers are rarely described. Those cases account for approximately up to 6% of female genital tract malignancies. The presence of synchronous endometrial adenocarcinoma and gynecological tract neoplasia is rare - the most commonly described is synchronous adenocarcinoma and endometrial ovarian cancer (accounting for 15-20% of ovarian neoplasia and 5% of endometrial cancers). Concomitant uterine carcinosarcoma and ovarian cancer, or endometrial adenocarcinoma are extremely rare. Up till now, only 3 cases of synchronous adenocarcinoma and leiomyosarcoma were described. In the present study a case of 60-year-old woman diagnosed with synchronous endometrial adenocarcinoma and leiomyosarcoma uteri is described. As the preoperative evaluation revealed endometrial adenocarcinoma G2 with intermediate-risk of lymph node metastasis and synchronous leiomyosarcoma G3, total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and systemic lymphadenectomy was performed showing no lymphatic involvement. In the postoperative evaluation the patient was qualified to adenocarcinoma low recurrence-risk group (adenocarcinoma G1 with no LVSI, FIGO IA) - no further radiotherapy was required. However, as synchronous leiomyosarcoma G3 was diagnosed, we decided to refer the patient for adjuvant chemotherapy. Contemporary recommendation on the diagnosis and treatment of uterine carcinomas, especially uterine leiomyosarcomas, is also described in this paper. The presented case showed that diagnosis and treatment of women with uterine tumors should be individualized as in the same case an extremely rare cancer type can be present which, consequently, changes the treatment regimen and prognosis.

Women's Endorsement of Models of Sexual Response: Correlates and Predictors.

Few studies have investigated endorsement of female sexual response models, and no single model has been accepted as a normative description of women's sexual response. The aim of the study was to establish how women from a population-based sample endorse current theoretical models of the female sexual response--the linear models and circular model (partial and composite Basson models)--as well as predictors of endorsement. Accordingly, 174 heterosexual women aged 18-55 years were included in a cross-sectional study: 74 women diagnosed with female sexual dysfunction (FSD) based on DSM-5 criteria and 100 non-dysfunctional women. The description of sexual response models was used to divide subjects into four subgroups: linear (Masters-Johnson and Kaplan models), circular (partial Basson model), mixed (linear and circular models in similar proportions, reflective of the composite Basson model), and a different model. Women were asked to choose which of the models best described their pattern of sexual response and how frequently they engaged in each model. Results showed that 28.7% of women endorsed the linear models, 19.5% the partial Basson model, 40.8% the composite Basson model, and 10.9% a different model. Women with FSD endorsed the partial Basson model and a different model more frequently than did non-dysfunctional controls. Individuals who were dissatisfied with a partner as a lover were more likely to endorse a different model. Based on the results, we concluded that the majority of women endorsed a mixed model combining the circular response with the possibility of an innate desire triggering a linear response. Further, relationship difficulties, not FSD, predicted model endorsement.

Personality traits, gender roles and sexual behaviours of young adult males.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that personality characteristics affect sexual functioning. The aim of this exploratory study was to assess and describe the relationship between global personality traits and the stereotypical femininity and masculinity levels with the broad aspects of sexual behaviours and attitudes in the group of 97 heterosexual young adult men aged 19-39 and living in Poland. METHODS: The 'Big Five' personality traits were measured with the NEO-FFI questionnaire; stereotypical femininity and masculinity with the Bem sex role inventory (BSRI); sexual disorders with the International index of erectile function (IIEF); socio-epidemiological data, sexual behaviours and attitudes towards sexuality with a self-constructed questionnaire. RESULTS: We identified weak to moderate associations with particular sexual behaviours and attitudes. Neuroticism correlated positively with lower sexual satisfaction, self-acceptance and more negative attitudes towards sexuality; extraversion with higher desire, frequency of sexual intercourses, their diversity, sexual satisfaction, masculinity level and lower report of erectile problems; openness to experience with better quality of partnership, more positive attitudes towards sexual activity and masculinity level; conscientiousness with later sexual initiation age, more frequent and diverse sexual behaviours (but lower interest in masturbation and coitus interruptus), overall sexual satisfaction, satisfaction with one's body and femininity level; agreeableness with a better quality of relationship with a partner, satisfaction from body, lower number of previous partners and more frequent sexual encounters (but less masturbation). Stereotypical masculinity, more so than femininity, was related to a wide range of positive aspects of sexuality. CONCLUSIONS: The Big Five personality traits and stereotypical femininity/masculinity dimensions were found to have a noticeable, but weak to moderate influence on sexual behaviour in young adult males.

Sexuality in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare sexual function and sexual response, attitude toward sexuality and relationships with sexual partners in women diagnosed with PCOS and healthy controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 73 women (aged 23-42 years) diagnosed with PCOS using the Rotterdam criteria and 45 healthy controls. All participants completed a questionnaire assessing socioepidemiological parameters and sexual behavior. Validated instruments were used to assess hirsutism (Ferriman-Gallwey Scale), mental health status (General Health Questionnaire 12 [GHQ 12]), sexuality (Sexuality Scale [SS], Sexual Awareness Questionnaire [SAQ], Multidimensional Sexuality Questionnaire [MSQ], Multidimensional Sexual Self-Concept Questionnaire [MSSCQ]), and sexual function (Polish version of the Mell-Krat Scale [SFK/K Scale]). RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the importance of sexual activity in both groups. Mean scores for the SFK/K Scale, SS, SAQ, MSQ, and MSSQ were similar among women with PCOS and controls, regardless of age. Similarly sexual needs and reactions were perceived in the same way by both groups. In contrast, women with PCOS rated themselves negatively as sexual partners more frequently than controls. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual function and sexual response, attitude toward sexuality as well as relationships with sexual partners were similar in PCOS subjects and healthy women. However, changes in physical appearance typically associated with PCOS result in deterioration of sexual function. Therefore, it is recommended that all PCOS patients should be referred to a sexual medicine specialist for consultation.

Streptococcus group B serotype distribution in anovaginal isolates of women in term pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate Streptococcus group B (GBS) serotype distribution in anovaginal isolates of women in term pregnancy and to assess the correlation of the distribution with socio-epidemiological variables and neonatal outcomes. DESIGN: An observational study. SETTINGS: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Specialist Teaching Hospital in Tychy, Poland. POPULATION: 80 women between 37 and 40 gestation weeks with preserved fetal membranes and who had not been treated with antibiotics for at least two weeks before the study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The specimens from the vagina and the rectum of pregnant women were collected. GBS colonization tests were conducted in compliance with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations. Serotyping of the isolates was performed using the Essum GBS Serotyping Kit (Umea, Sweden) according to manufacturer's instruction. Mein outcome measures. GBS serotype distribution in the population of Polish women in term pregnancy. RESULTS: In the studied group of 80 pregnant women GBS colonization rate was 28.7%. Four GBS serotypes were observed (Ia, V, III and II). Serotype Ia was the most predominant - 43.47%. For GBS Ia, V and III serotypes, no significant difference in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and neonatal outcomes was observed. Only in one case early-onset sepsis was diagnosed in the neonate and serotype Ia was determined. CONCLUSIONS: 1) From among four identified GBS serotypes in the population of Polish pregnant women, serotype Ia was the most dominant. 2) For GBS serotypes, no significant difference in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and neonatal outcomes was observed. 3) Active immunization aimed for preventing GBS colonization in mothers should include not only serotypes V, II and III but also Ia in order to be an effective and safe in preventing life threatening neonatal infections.

LUNA EMG as a Marker of Adherence to Prehabilitation Programs and Its Effect on Postoperative Outcomes among Patients Undergoing Cytoreductive Surgery for Ovarian Cancer and Suspected Ovarian Tumors.

BACKGROUND: Prehabilitation is a novel strategy in preoperative management. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of prehabilitation programs on peri- and postoperative outcomes and to verify if LUNA EMG has the capacity to monitor compliance with prehabilitation programs. METHODS: A total of seventy patients with suspected ovarian cancer were recruited between April 2021 and September 2022 and were divided into a prehabilitation group (36 patients) or a control group (34 patients). A LUNA EMG device was utilized to monitor muscle strength and tension. RESULTS: Within the prehabilitation group, we observed a significant increase in the 6-Minute Walk Test distance by 17 m (median, IQR: 0-42.5, p < 0.001) and a significant increase in muscle strength measured with LUNA EMG. In comparison to the control group, the prehabilitation group showed fewer complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification (47.2% vs. 20.6%, p = 0.02) and shorter postoperative hospital stays (median 5.0 days [IQR: 4.0-6.2] vs. 7.0 days [IQR: 6.0-10.0], p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Prehabilitation has a positive effect on physical capacity and muscle strength and is associated with a reduction in the number of complications after surgery. LUNA EMG can be a useful tool for monitoring patients' adherence to prehabilitation programs.

Prehabilitation in gynecological oncology - are we ready to implement the program in polish oncological centers?

OBJECTIVES: Prehabilitation is a concept of holistic approach to the patient and includes preoperative efforts focused on optimalization of patient's general condition. The idea of prehabilitation started at the beginning of the 21st century. However, prehabilitation programs in gynecological cancer patients are not standardized and are heterogeneous. The aim of the study it to present the concept of prehabilitation and propose prehabilitation protocol to be introduced in Polish oncological centers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A search in PubMed, Medline, EMBASE (Ovid) and PsycINFO databases was conducted using the following keywords: prehabilitation, gynecological, abdominal surgery, and cancer. The primary outcomes were complications, hospitalization stay, intensive care unit transfer rate, blood loss, wound healing, and reoperation rate. The search was performed in July 2022 and covered the period from 1st January 2000 till 30th June 2022. RESULTS: A total number of 1,118 articles have been identified. Out of all eligible papers only 42 fulfilled the research criteria and were included in the study. The analysis showed that there is no standardized prehabilitation protocol for gynecological cancer surgery, although most include three-modal approach - physical activity, nutrition, and psychological intervention. There is no standard model for physical capacity evaluation, however, 1,118 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT) is the most common. Frailty evaluation is based on different measurements that prevent from direct comparison of obtained results between studies. CONCLUSIONS: We are not ready to implement the prehabilitation program in polish oncological centers. The main reason elvicz is: lack of accredited ovarian cancer centers, lack of well-established standardized prehabilitation programs for gynecological malignancies (ovarian cancer especially), and lack of proper information for patients about advantages of adequate preparation elvic expected surgery. Furter studies on different prehabilitation programs and information campaigns both for patients and gynecologist are required to make implementing prehabilitation possible in Poland.

Acute pancreatitis associated with primary hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy.

Not required for Clinical Vignette.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Polish Version of the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport (MIS-PL).

The study investigated psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport (MIS-PL). Following an expert review (stage 1), a sample of 333 athletes voluntarily participated in the study to verify the internal structure of the questionnaire (stage 2). In a final step (stage 3), confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis of the MIS-PL subscales with other variables were conducted to demonstrate the stability and reproducibility of the factor structure of the scale and to determine the theoretical validity of the measure. The factor analyses performed confirmed the three-factor structure of the MIS-PL with the following dimensions: 1) awareness, 2) non-judgmental attitude, and 3) refocusing, characterized by acceptable fit indices. Analyses of the correlations between the MIS-PL subscales and conceptually related variables (mindfulness in daily life, worry, concentration disruption, mental toughness, and flow) also proved statistically significant. In summary, the MIS-PL is a valid measure for assessing mindfulness in sport.

The sexual functions of male patients suffering from affective disorders.

Purpose: This study aimed to outline the picture of the sexual functions of male patients with affective disorders as an important part of their lives. Methods: The sample consisted of 57 male patients diagnosed with mood disorders in remission. They were interviewed for demographic and clinical data, asked to fill in number of self-descriptive questionnaires' Sexual Function of Man (SFM/K), the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Scale (MADRS) and Young Mania Scale (YMRS), and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Results: Lower levels of sexual functioning were experienced by patients who had suffered from affective disorder for a longer time, and who had a diagnosis of recurrent depressive disorder (F33), in comparison with patients with bipolar disorder (F31). The most common sexual dysfunction was premature ejaculation, while the rarest was erectile dysfunction. An occurrence of any sexual disorder at least once in the past was reported by 66% of all patients. Participants did not have problems with alcohol usage. Conclusions: A worse quality of sexual functioning was associated with a longer history of affective disorder. Sexual dysfunction can be affected by even the most minor depressive and manic-depressive components. The tools used excluded non-heterosexual patients. Further research based on bigger samples is required.

Development and validation of the Polish version of the Female Sexual Function Index in the Polish population of females.

INTRODUCTION: Unlike male sexual function, which is relatively easy to assess, female sexual function is still a diagnostic challenge. Although numerous new measurements for female sexual dysfunction (FSD) have recently been developed, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) remains the gold standard for screening. It has been validated in more than 30 countries. The FSFI has been used in several studies conducted in Poland, but it has never been standardized for Polish women. AIM: The aim of this study was to develop a Polish version of the FSFI (PL-FSFI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 189 women aged 18-55 years were included in the study. Eighty-five were diagnosed with FSD as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM IV-TR) criteria; 104 women did not have FSD. All subjects completed the PL-FSFI at baseline (day 0), day 7, and day 28. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Test-retest reliability was determined by Pearson's product-moment correlations. Reliability was tested using Cronbach's α coefficient. Construct validity was evaluated by principal component analysis using varimax rotation and factor analysis. Discriminant validity was assessed with between-groups analysis of variance. RESULTS: All domains of the PL-FSFI demonstrated satisfactory internal consistencies, with Cronbach's α value of >0.70 for the entire sample. The test-retest reliability demonstrated good-to-excellent agreement between the assessment points. Based on principal component analysis, a 5-factor model was established that explained 83.62% of the total variance. Domain intercorrelations of the PL-FSFI ranged from 0.37-0.77. The optimal PL-FSFI cutoff score was 27.50, with 87.1% sensitivity and 83.1% specificity. CONCLUSION: The PL-FSFI is a reliable questionnaire with good psychometric and discriminative validity. Therefore, it can be used as a tool for preliminary screening for FSD among Polish women.

Sexual dysfunction and distress--development of a Polish version of the female sexual distress scale-revised.

INTRODUCTION: The concept of sexually related personal distress, central to the diagnosis of all female sexual dysfunction (FSD), is currently a subject of scientific debate. Several psychometric instruments have been used to measure sexually related personal distress in women, including the Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS) and its revised version (FSDS-R). AIM: To develop a Polish version of the FSDS-R (PL-FSDS-R). METHODS: In total, 210 women aged 18-55 years were included in the study. Seventy-five were diagnosed with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), 31 were diagnosed with another FSD, and 104 were control. All subjects completed the PL-FSDS-R at baseline (day 0), day 7, and day 28. Internal consistencies were evaluated by Cronbach's α. Intraclass correlation coefficient was used to assess test-retest reliability. Discriminant validity was assessed by comparing mean scores of the FSD and control groups in a between-groups analysis of variance. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine optimal cutoff values of the PL-FSDS-R. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: To measure the validity and reliability of the PL-FSDS-R and to determine optimal cutoff values. RESULTS: Mean total PL-FSDS-R score was statistically higher in women with HSDD and other FSD compared to healthy individuals, showing the test had discriminant validity. The frequency of sexual intercourse and quality of relationship with sexual partner but not other sexual behaviors were statistically correlated with the PL-FSDS-R score. ROC analysis confirmed these findings. All domains of the PL-FSDS-R demonstrated satisfactory internal consistencies, with a Cronbach's α-value of >0.70 for the entire sample. Test-retest coefficients were between 0.86-0.92, with the best reliability for a 7-day recall period. CONCLUSIONS: The PL-FSDS-R is a reliable questionnaire with good psychometric and discriminative validity, and can be used to measure sexually related personal distress in Polish women with FSD with a cutoff score of ≥13.

Long-term impact of surgical repair for stress urinary incontinence on female sexual functions, distress and behaviours.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate sexual functions, distress and behaviours in women who underwent surgical repair of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in long-term follow-up. BACKGROUND: Contemporary management of SUI includes conservative therapy and surgical repair - the choice of treatment modality depends on the severity of symptoms. If conservative treatment fails, surgical correction is necessary. The outcomes of the surgery for SUI and their influence on sexual functions are satisfactory in short-term follow-up. DESIGN: A total of 50 women diagnosed with SUI according to International Continence Society standards were included in the study. The patients were qualified for surgical procedures such as: transobturator suburethral tape (TOT) (n = 35), Perigee (n = 6) or MiniArc (n = 9). METHODS: Sexual functions and behaviours were evaluated prior to the operation and 1-3 years postoperatively in all patient using Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and non-validated questions. RESULTS: The mean time after the operation was 1·96 ± 0·83 years. Postoperatively, all women reported significant reduction of urinary incontinence symptoms. According to DSM-IV criteria, female sexual dysfunctions were diagnosed in 12% of females after the urogenital operation. However, sexual complaints (FSFI scores equal or <26·55 points) without distress were reported by 62% of the patients. The comparison of sexual complaints declared prior to and after the operation showed significant differences in the prevalence of decreased desire, decreased arousal and decreased orgasm frequency. In addition, we documented significant improvement of sexual attractiveness and sexual life evaluation after the SUI operation. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical repair for SUI improves female sexual functions and reduces sexual distress, as observed in a long-term follow-up. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Sexual functions, distress and behaviours in women who underwent surgical repair of SUI; the impact of SUI female quality of life as well as on sexual functions.