Predictors of responders for low-dose carperitide monotherapy in patients with acute heart failure.

Human atrial natriuretic peptide, known as carperitide, is approved for early relief of dyspnea in patients with acute heart failure (AHF). However, the diuretic effect of carperitide is sometimes insufficient for controlling volume overload. We investigated predictors for the carperitide response in patients with AHF. Forty-seven patients (age: 74 ± 10 years; left ventricular ejection fraction: 42.0% ± 15.9%) with AHF were enrolled and treated with carperitide monotherapy at a dose of 0.0125 µg/kg/min. Patients without sufficient diuresis (< 60 ml/h) or improvement of symptoms by 4 h after carperitide administration, despite increasing to twice the dose of carperitide and adding another agent, were defined as non-responders. Twenty-four (51%) patients were defined as responders and treated with low-dose carperitide monotherapy on the first day. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the response to carperitide monotherapy was independently predicted by serum creatinine levels and systolic blood pressure (SBP) on admission. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for predicting the response to carperitide by SBP was 0.808 (95% confidence interval [0.686-0.930], sensitivity: 83.3%, specificity: 65.2%, cutoff value: 135 mmHg). Four (8.5%) patients developed asymptomatic transient hypotension. Worsening renal function occurred within 3 days of admission in three (6.4%) patients who received low-dose carperitide therapy. SBP and serum creatinine levels on admission might be useful for predicting the diuretic response to low-dose carperitide monotherapy in patients with AHF. Initial use of low-dose carperitide therapy does not have adverse effects on renal function.

Transvenous Intravascular Ultrasound-Guided Endovascular Treatment for Chronic Total Occlusion of the Infrainguinal Arteries.

PURPOSE: To investigate the 1-year outcomes of transvenous intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided endovascular therapy (EVT) for chronic total occlusion (CTO) of the lower extremity arteries. METHODS: Transvenous IVUS-guided EVT was performed in 44 patients (50 limbs) with CTO of the femoropopliteal arteries or tibioperoneal trunk. Treatment involved crossing a guidewire through the CTO under the guidance of both fluoroscopic and IVUS imaging, along with insertion of the IVUS catheter into a vein parallel to the target artery. Primary success rate, complications, and target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 12-month follow-up were investigated. RESULTS: Successful recanalization, defined as grade 3 flow (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction score) and no flow-limiting dissection, was observed in 48 (96%) limbs. Two limbs with failed recanalization had a very long CTO lesion from the superficial femoral artery to below the knee. A bidirectional approach was selected in 11 (22%) limbs. Complications at the access site occurred in only 2 patients. The rate of freedom from TLR at 12 months was 77.9% (95% confidence interval 61.4 to 87.9). CONCLUSION: Transvenous IVUS-guided EVT is safe and can provide optimal short-term results for EVT of CTO in the infrainguinal arteries. IVUS-guided EVT may be one of the most effective treatment strategies for CTO of the femoropopliteal arteries or tibioperoneal trunk.

Renal effects of added low-dose dopamine in acute heart failure patients with diuretic resistance to natriuretic peptide.

Worsening renal function during the early phase of hospitalization is related to adverse outcomes in acute heart failure (AHF). This study aimed to clarify whether added low-dose dopamine (DA) is clinically beneficial for AHF patients with diuretic resistance to human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP). Twenty-four AHF patients, who did not have adequate diuresis by 4 hours after administration of hANP, were randomized to a low dose of DA (1-3 µg·kg·min, n = 12) or a low dose of furosemide (10-30 mg injection, n = 12). The significant increase in mean hourly urine volume from baseline (265% ± 204% with hANP + DA; 187% ± 118% with hANP + furosemide) and improvement of dyspnea were similarly observed in both groups. Significant decreases in serum creatinine levels were observed by -14.0% ± 14.2% in the hANP + DA group compared with the hANP + furosemide group (4.5% ± 9.6%, P = 0.0011) without increases in the renotubular and myocardial markers. The incidence of worsening renal function defined as a rise in serum creatinine of >0.3 mg/dL was not observed within 3 days of admission in both groups. Added low-dose DA might not have a harmful effect on renal function and effects of diuresis and symptom relief without a significant increase in troponin-T in AHF patients with diuretic resistance to hANP.

Predictive score for survival after percutaneous cardiopulmonary support in cardiovascular disease patients- evaluation of pre-procedural information.

BACKGROUND: The predictive factors for survival after percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS) are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data for 105 patients with cardiovascular disease requiring PCPS were analyzed. The patients were divided into a survivor (n=21) or a non-survivor group (n=84). The age was significantly lower, and there were more patients with fulminant myocarditis and PCPS attempted before cardiac arrest (CA) in the survivor group. Additionally, there were fewer cases of out-of-hospital CA, and the mean time from CA to PCPS was shorter in the survivor group. On multivariate logistic regression it was found that the age and the time from CA to PCPS were independently associated with survival. A predictive scoring system was constructed that included the following: (1) age <50 years; (2) diagnosis of fulminant myocarditis; (3) no out-of-hospital CA; (4) PCPS attempted before CA; and (5) time from CA to PCPS <45 min. The predictive score was significantly higher in the survivor than in the non-survivor group (2.33 ± 1.32 vs. 1.06 ± 1.02). The sensitivity and specificity for survival were 85.7% and 66.7% when the score was ≥ 2. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that any-cause death was significantly higher in patients with PCPS survival score ≤ 1 than in those with a score ≥ 2. CONCLUSIONS: PCPS survival score is suitable for clinically predicting survival in patients with cardiovascular disease undergoing PCPS.

Soluble lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 and high-sensitivity troponin T as diagnostic biomarkers for acute coronary syndrome. Improved values with combination usage in emergency rooms.

BACKGROUND: Although highly sensitive assays for troponin T (hs-TnT) have been developed, the sensitivity and specificity of hs-TnT for diagnosing acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains imperfect. We evaluated the diagnostic value of a new biomarker of plaque vulnerability (soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1, sLOX-1) as compared with hs-TnT in the emergency room (ER). METHODS AND RESULTS: Plasma sLOX-1 and serum hs-TnT levels were measured in 200 consecutive patients presenting with chest symptoms and ECG abnormalities in the ER (116 ST elevation ACS [STEACS], 44 non-ST elevation ACS [NSTEACS], 40 non-ACS). The non-ACS group consisted of patients with cardiovascular diseases such as coronary spastic angina pectoris, pulmonary thromboembolism, perimyocarditis and takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Levels of sLOX-1 and hs-TnT were significantly higher in STEACS and NSTEACS than in non-ACS patients. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves of sLOX-1 and hs-TnT for detecting ACS, using the non-ACS patients as negative references, showed that the area under the curve (AUC) values of sLOX-1 and hs-TnT were 0.769 and 0.739, respectively. In the lower hs-TnT (<0.0205ng/ml) subgroup, the AUC value of the ROC curve of sLOX-1 for detecting ACS was 0.869. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic value for ACS was comparable between sLOX-1 and hs-TnT, and the accuracy of ACS diagnosis appeared to improve when sLOX-1 and hs-TnT were measured in combination.

Severity of cardiovascular disease patients transported by air ambulance.

INTRODUCTION: Although helicopters have been used in an air ambulance system for the past decade in Japan, the appropriate selection of patients for this transport mode has not been investigated. The present study investigates which patients could potentially benefit the most from helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS). METHODS: We investigated the extent of circulatory and respiratory support required in the intensive care unit (ICU) and ultimate outcomes of 2340 patients with cardiovascular disease admitted to 1 institution between October 2001 and December 2009. Two hundred and seventy were transported by HEMS (HEMS group), and 2070 were transported by other means (non-HEMS group). RESULTS: Temporary cardiac pacing, ventilator management, intra-aortic balloon pumping, percutaneous cardiopulmonary support, electrical defibrillation, and therapeutic hypothermia were more frequently required by patients in the HEMS group vs. the non-HEMS group (10.4%, 28.1%, 17.0%, 5.2%, 10.0% and 3.4% vs. 8%, 17.9%, 10.9%, 2.3%, 4.5% and 0.4%, respectively). The mortality rate was higher in the HEMS group than in the non-HEMS group in the ICU (9.6% vs. 5.3%). CONCLUSION: Disease was more clinically severe and the outcome was poorer among patients with cardiovascular diseases transported by HEMS than by other means.

The prognostic impact of gender in patients with acute heart failure - An evaluation of the age of female patients with severely decompensated acute heart failure.

BACKGROUND: The gender differences in the prognosis of Asian patients with acute heart failure (AHF) remain to be elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS: One thousand fifty AHF patients were enrolled. The patients were assigned to a female group (n=354) and a male group (n=696). A Kaplan-Meier curve showed that the cardiovascular survival rate of the female group was significantly lower than that of the male group (p=0.005). A multivariate Cox regression model identified female gender [hazard ratio (HR): 1.381, 95% CI: 1.018-1.872] as an independent predictor of 730-day cardiovascular death. In subgroup analysis by age, in patients over 79 years, female gender significantly increased the cardiovascular death (HR: 1.715, 95% CI: 1.088-2.074, p<0.001) with a significant interaction (p-value for interaction<0.001). The prognosis, including cardiovascular death, was significantly poorer among elderly female patients (≥79 years) than among elderly male patients (p=0.019). The multivariate Cox regression model identified female gender as an independent predictor of 730-day cardiovascular death in patients who were older than 79 years of age (HR, 1.943; 95% CI, 1.192-3.167). CONCLUSIONS: Female gender was associated with poor prognosis in AHF patients. In particular, old age (≥79 years) was associated with adverse outcomes in female patients with AHF.

Predicting the success of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in emergency room for patients with acute heart failure.

BACKGROUND: Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) for acute heart failure (AHF) is increasingly used to avoid endotracheal intubation (ETI). We therefore reviewed our experience using respirator management in the emergency room for AHF, and evaluated the predictive factors in the success of NPPV in the emergency room. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three-hundred forty-three patients with AHF were analyzed. The AHF patients were assigned to either BiPAP-Synchrony (B-S; Respironics, Merrysville, PA, USA) period (2005-2007, n = 176) or BiPAP-Vision (B-V; Respironics) period (2008-2010, n = 167). The rate of carperitide use was significantly increased and dopamine use was significantly decreased in the B-V period. The total length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the B-V period. AHF patients were also assigned to a failed trial of NPPV followed by ETI (NPPV failure group) or an NPPV success group in the emergency room for each period. NPPV was successfully used in 48 cases in the B-S period, and in 111 cases in the B-V period. Fifty-seven ETI patients included 45 direct ETI and 11 NPPV failure cases in the B-S period, and 16 ETI patients included 10 direct ETI and 6 NPPV failure cases in the B-V period. The pH values were significantly lower in the NPPV failure than in the NPPV success for both periods (7.19 ± 0.10 vs. 7.28 ± 0.11, B-S period, p < 0.05; 7.05 ± 0.08 vs. 7.27 ± 0.14, B-V period, p < 0.001). A pH value of 7.20 produced the optimal balance in the B-S period, while that of 7.03 produced the optimal balance in B-V periods by the ROC curve analysis. The cutoff value of pH was lower in the B-V period than in the B-S period. CONCLUSIONS: This predictive value provides successful estimates of NPPV with a high sensitivity and specificity, and the aortic blood gas level was above 7.03 pH when using the B-V system.