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1.
Histochem Cell Biol ; 159(5): 453-460, 2023 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36622388

RESUMO

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the primary chemicals produced by volume worldwide. Extensive literature has raised many concerns about its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases, but its contribution has not been extensively studied. During cellular senescence, the interference of lipofuscin with cellular functions promotes further senescence, causing cellular malfunction. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays an important protective role in the setting of kidney injury. The goal of the present work was to evaluate the effects of short-term treatment with low doses of BPA on cellular senescence in adult rat kidneys. Male Wistar rats were injected with vehicle (CONTROL group) or 50 or 500 µg/kg/day of BPA for 1 week (BPA50 and BPA500 groups, respectively). The kidneys were fixed in 4% buffered formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed, and an immunoreactive score (IRS) was calculated. Lipofuscin autofluorescence was used for the study of cellular senescence. The renal cortex showed diffuse autofluorescent lipofuscin signal in the proximal convoluted tubules (PCTs) of males in the BPA50-treated (weak intensity) and BPA500-treated (strong intensity) groups, but not in CONTROL males. Labeling of cortical PCTs with anti-IGF-1 antibodies showed an IRS of 0 in the CONTROL group, but IRSs of 4 and 6 in the BPA50- and BPA500-treated groups, respectively. The present results suggest that low, "safe" doses of BPA induce renal injury, as measured by histological signs of renal changes, increased cellular senescence, and activation of cellular repair systems in PCTs.


Assuntos
Senescência Celular , Lipofuscina , Ratos , Animais , Masculino , Ratos Wistar , Rim
2.
Appetite ; 176: 106091, 2022 09 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35644309

RESUMO

The plasticizer bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest volume chemicals produced worldwide. Human exposure to BPA occurs almost constantly. BPA is an endocrine disruptor that interferes in estrogen receptor functions. This is important for the developing brain, which is particularly sensitive to the estrogenic effects of BPA. Body fluid balance is maintained by a complex network of systems that regulate sodium and water intakes and electrolyte excretion. The development of these control systems occurs during early life and therefore, may be susceptible to changes in the uterine environment. The aim of this work was to study the effects of two low BPA doses in the dam, during pregnancy and lactation, on adult offspring drinking and sodium and urine excretion after dipsogenic challenge. Dams were exposed to BPA in drinking water to mimic the most likely route of human exposure. The results showed that BPA did not disrupt spontaneous fluid balance, but altered sodium and fluid intakes in the BPA offspring under osmotic challenges. In experiments, both 24h fluid deprivation and sodium depletion modified fluid ingestive response in BPA offspring compared to control offspring. The increased preference for 2.7% NaCl solution in male BPA offspring is similar to female control offspring, altered ingestive behavior appears to be due to feminization of males and "hyperfeminization" of female BPA offspring, as they drink more than female control offspring. Our results indicate that exposure to low doses of BPA in early life may disrupt the development of sex-specific drinking behaviors by altering the steroid programming of the brain, and this disruption affects males and females differently.


Assuntos
Exposição Materna , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Animais , Compostos Benzidrílicos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fenóis , Gravidez , Ratos , Sódio , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico
3.
Appetite ; 167: 105594, 2021 12 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34273420

RESUMO

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical commonly used in the industrial sectors, hence humans are exposed to the compound repetitively. BPA is an endocrine disruptor and has been anticipated to interfere on chemical estrogen receptor functions and other nuclear hormone receptors. Estrogens are steroid hormones that, in addition to their neuroendocrine roles, affect water and salt intakes in numerous species, including humans and rodents. Changes in the hydrosaline balance produce compensatory behavioral and physiological responses, which serve to preserve or restore osmolarity and blood volume to optimal levels, thus preventing cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present work was to determine for first time the effect of long-term and low-dose BPA treatment on thirst and sodium appetite. Wistar rats were exposed to BPA via drinking water to mimic the most likely route of human exposure, and different dipsogenic and natriorexigenic stimuli were assessed. The BPA-treated rats tend to drink less water that control rats following 24-h fluid restriction, but there was no statistically significant decrease. Perhaps the BPA dose does not have enough estrogenic potency to affect water intake. In the extracellular fluid depletion test, the control rats significantly increased 2.7% NaCl solution intake on repeated testing, showing sodium appetite sensitization, i.e. the capacity to enhance sodium intake produced by stimulus repetition; whereas BPA-treated rats did not. In this study, fluid and electrolyte balance in BPA-treated rats is generally adequate but impaired in osmotic challenges, for example by sodium depletion. Thus, neuroendocrine systems involved in maintaining body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis were altered in BPA-treated rats.


Assuntos
Compostos Benzidrílicos , Fenóis , Animais , Compostos Benzidrílicos/toxicidade , Fenóis/toxicidade , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Sede
4.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 526(3): 706-712, 2020 06 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32253028

RESUMO

Toxin-antitoxin systems are known to be involved in many bacterial functions that can lead to growth arrest and cell death in response to stress. Typically, toxin and antitoxin genes of type I systems are located in opposite strands, where the antitoxin is a small antisense RNA (sRNA). In the present work we show that the sRNA IsrA from Salmonella Typhimurium down-regulates the expression of its overlapping gene STM0294.1n. Multiple sequence alignment and comparative structure analysis indicated that STM0294.1n belongs to the SymE toxin superfamily, and the gene was renamed iasE (IsrA-overlapping gene with similarity to SymE). The iasE expression was induced in response to mitomycin C, an SOS-inducing agent; conversely, IsrA overexpression repressed the iasE expression even in the presence of mitomycin C. Accordingly, the inactivation of IsrA with an anti-IsrA RNA expressed in trans abrogated the repressive effect of IsrA on the iasE expression. On the other hand, iasE overexpression, as well as the blockage of the antisense IsrA function, negatively affected bacterial growth, arguing for a toxic effect of the iasE gene product. Besides, a bacterial lysate obtained from the iasE-overexpressing strain exhibited endoribonuclease activity, as determined by a fluorometric assay based on fluorescent reporter RNAs. Together, these results indicate that the IasE/IsrA pair of S. Typhimurium constitutes a functional type I toxin-antitoxin system.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , RNA Antissenso/genética , RNA Bacteriano/genética , Resposta SOS em Genética/genética , Salmonella typhimurium/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Antitoxinas/genética , Toxinas Bacterianas/genética , Endorribonucleases/metabolismo , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica , Mitomicina/metabolismo , Modelos Moleculares , Mutação , Fases de Leitura Aberta/genética , Conformação Proteica , Dobramento de Proteína
5.
Appetite ; 120: 709-715, 2018 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29031578

RESUMO

Thirst and sodium appetite are motivational states that lead to the search for and ingestion of water and sodium, thus contributing to maintenance of hydromineral balance. Oestrogens affect fluid intake and sodium preference. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental endocrine-disrupting substance with oestrogenic activity. Whether there are sex differences in the ingestive effects of BPA is unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to determine the effect of short-term treatment of low doses of BPA on thirst and sodium appetite in adult male and ovariectomised Wistar rats. Rats were subcutaneously injected with either vehicle or 10, 50, 100, or 500 µg/kg/day BPA for a week. Two-bottle tests (water and 2.7% NaCl solution) were conducted in the animals' home cages with and without 24 h water deprivation. BPA reduced water and 2.7% NaCl intakes in a sex-dependent-manner. Fluid intakes displayed inverted U-shaped dose-response curves, with different dose dependencies in spontaneously drinker rats than after 24 h water deprivation dehydration. Future studies on the role of BPA in sex-dependent body fluid homeostasis should elucidate the effects of BPA on the neuroendocrine controls of thirst and salt appetite.


Assuntos
Compostos Benzidrílicos/toxicidade , Ingestão de Líquidos , Fenóis/toxicidade , Cloreto de Sódio na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Sede/efeitos dos fármacos , Água/administração & dosagem , Animais , Apetite/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Animal , Desidratação , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Masculino , Ovariectomia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar
6.
Cell Mol Life Sci ; 71(15): 2957-62, 2014 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24297385

RESUMO

Estimation of time since death is one of the challenges in forensic science. There are many approaches to estimate the postmortem interval, including both physical and thanatochemistry methods. Decomposition is triggered by a process called autolysis, which induces destructive changes in the cell leading to cell death. Based on the process of cell death signaling, this study analyzed the early postmortem interval (2-8 h since death) using the study of the mRNA expression of Fas Ligand (FasL) and phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) by Quantitative-PCR. Results of the study indicate a time-dependent increase in the mRNA levels of both proteins up until 6 h after death. Using a regression analysis in these first 6 h, a positive linear correlation was found between the mRNA expression of these proteins and the time since death. Since PTEN and FasL are implicated in signaling pathways, both proteins are potential candidates to analyze the time since death in time intervals of 6 h or less. Further research is needed to find additional cell death markers and expand the time period for time since death estimation.


Assuntos
Proteína Ligante Fas/genética , PTEN Fosfo-Hidrolase/genética , Mudanças Depois da Morte , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Animais , Morte Celular , Masculino , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fatores de Tempo
7.
Front Psychol ; 15: 1334875, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38510302

RESUMO

Introduction: Informal caregivers of elderly people with dependency (EPD) provide intensive care that can affect their quality of life (QoL). Psychosocial interventions such as music therapy are important to work on their self-care. The aim of this study is to analyze, with a mixed method approach, the experience of participating in a Songwriting Group Music Therapy (SGMT) intervention on informal caregivers of EPD. Methods: A total of 11 groups, with a convenience sample of 61 caregivers, received 10 SGMT sessions. Quantitative information related to QoL variables (anxiety, depression, spirituality, burden, and coping) was collected before and after the intervention and at 3 months of follow-up. Regarding qualitative data, an open-ended question about the experience of participating was asked. Results: Significant changes were shown, sustained over time, in trait anxiety and depression and subscales including inner peace, social functioning, and mental health. Three themes were generated from the thematic analysis, including that SGMT participation can enhance personal growth, bring out and enable work on emotions, and promote helpful interpersonal dynamics. Discussion: The findings indicate that SGMT is a useful intervention for informal caregivers of EPD, promoting psychological adjustment, enhanced coping, emotional regulation, and social support. This study reinforces the findings with caregivers of other populations, providing new results and highlighting the benefits of SGMT for caregivers of EPD.

8.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 187: 114561, 2023 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36630794

RESUMO

Plastic debris is a significant threat to marine and coastal ecosystems. Previous research found that waves, wind, as well as density, size, and shape of microplastics, drive their transport and dispersion. In this paper, a set of laboratory experiments on the effect of waves and wave-induced currents on the input rate and cross-shore transport and dispersion of different types of plastic debris, including the macro and mesosizes, in addition to microplastics is presented. 15 plastic-debris types characterized by different sizes, shapes, and densities, including facemasks, were analyzed under regular and irregular wave conditions. The results show that input and transport rates of plastics depend on their terminal velocities and wave steepness. Plastics with higher settling velocities under less-steep wave conditions are likely to escape coastal entrapment and end up in the breaking zone. However, plastics with greater buoyancy rates under steeper waves show a predominant accumulation closer to the shoreline.


Assuntos
Plásticos , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Microplásticos , Ecossistema , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Resíduos/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise
9.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 193: 115239, 2023 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37459835

RESUMO

Plastic floating on the ocean surface represents about 1 % of all plastic in the ocean, despite the buoyancy of most plastics. Biofouling can help to sink debris, which could explain this discrepancy. A set of laboratory experiments was conducted to investigate biofilm-induced effects on the buoyancy of different plastic debris. Ten materials of different densities (buoyant/non-buoyant), sizes (micro/meso/macro), and shapes (irregular/spherical/cylindrical/flat), including facemasks and cotton swabs, were evaluated. Biofilm was incubated in these materials from a few weeks to three months to investigate the effect of different growth levels on their buoyancy. Biofilm levels and rising/settling velocities were measured and compared at seven time-points. The results show a hindered buoyancy for solid materials, while hollow and open materials showed the opposite trend in early biofilm colonization stages. A relationship was established between biofilm-growth and equivalent sphere diameter that can be used to improve predictive modeling of plastic-debris transport.


Assuntos
Incrustação Biológica , Plásticos , Biofilmes , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Resíduos/análise
10.
Vet Q ; 43(1): 1-10, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37768676

RESUMO

In Chile, since January 2023, a sudden and pronounced increase in strandings and mortality has been observed among South American (SA) sea lions (Otaria flavescens), prompting significant concern. Simultaneously, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 (HPAIV H5N1) in avian species has emerged since December 2022. To investigate the cause of this unexpected mortality, we conducted a comprehensive epidemiological and pathologic study. One hundred sixty-nine SA sea lions were sampled to ascertain their HPAIV H5N1 status, and long-term stranding trends from 2009 to 2023 were analyzed. In addition, two animals were necropsied. Remarkably, a significant surge in SA sea lion strandings was observed initiating in January 2023 and peaking in June 2023, with a count of 4,545 stranded and deceased animals. Notably, this surge in mortality correlates geographically with HPAIV outbreaks affecting wild birds. Among 168 sampled SA sea lions, 34 (20%) tested positive for Influenza A virus, and 21 confirmed for HPAIV H5N1 2.3.4.4b clade in tracheal/rectal swab pools. Clinical and pathological evaluations of the two necropsied stranded sea lions revealed prevalent neurological and respiratory signs, including disorientation, tremors, ataxia, and paralysis, as well as acute dyspnea, tachypnea, profuse nasal secretion, and abdominal breathing. The lesions identified in necropsied animals aligned with observed clinical signs. Detection of the virus via immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time PCR in the brain and lungs affirmed the findings. The findings provide evidence between the mass mortality occurrences in SA sea lions and HPAIV, strongly indicating a causal relationship. Further studies are needed to better understand the pathogenesis and transmission.


Assuntos
Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1 , Influenza Aviária , Leões-Marinhos , Animais , Influenza Aviária/epidemiologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Aves , Filogenia
11.
Cureus ; 15(9): e45645, 2023 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37868458

RESUMO

BACKGROUND:  Although tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are rare, they can cause significant morbidity and mortality. The clinical presentation of patients with non-functional pituitary adenomas (NFPA) ranges from being completely asymptomatic to causing pituitary, hypothalamic, or visual dysfunction due to their large size. Patients usually arrive with large tumors at the time of diagnosis.  Objectives: Try to describe the characteristics of NFPA and explain the causes of delayed diagnosis.  Methods: We carried out a retrospective study including 58 patients with NFPA and analyzed the tumor volume at the time of diagnosis and its relationship with sociodemographic and health sector variables.  Results: Low socioeconomic status (SES) was associated with high tumor volume (SES 1-2 of 17.4 cm3 vs 3-6 of 11.7 cm3, p=0.018), and the time between first consultation and diagnosis was longer in the public sector than in the private sector (13.5 months vs 5.1 months). The time between the first symptom and the first consultation was shorter when they had visual impairment than when they did not (4.1 vs 18.4 months, p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS: On the one hand, citizens should be made aware that a visual deficit should make them go to a medical check-up, and on the other hand, strengthen the health system so that they have the NFPA as a differential diagnosis in patients with some visual alteration. Socioeconomic inequality in our country undoubtedly puts the underprivileged at greater risk.

12.
Eur J Appl Physiol ; 112(12): 4045-52, 2012 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22466307

RESUMO

The effects of high training loads during the competitive kayaking season may be reflected in urinary citrate and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin ((α)MT6S) excretion. The present study aims to evaluate the influence of a training program on citrate and (α)MT6S excretion in 12 elite kayakers. Urine samples were collected (before bedtime and again in the morning, at first voiding) at the beginning of the season (second half of October), during the macrocycle (specific training period; first week of June), and tapering (precompetitive training period; first week of July) stages. During the training season, urine citrate values (mg/L) were higher in the evening than in the morning in all stages (p < 0.01). The data obtained in the evening showed the lowest significant values (p < 0.05) in the beginning stage compared with the macrocycle and tapering stages. The values obtained in the morning showed the lowest significance (p < 0.05) in the macrocycle stage compared to the beginning and the tapering stages. In all stages, (α)MT6S (ng/mL) evening values were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the morning values. The morning/evening ratio, total sum, and nocturnal increment of (α)MT6S did not vary across the training stages. From these results, it can be deduced that the pineal function is unaltered and that citrate turnover is good in elite kayakers during the training season. It was found that urine citrate and (α)MT6S obtained by non-invasive techniques may be used as major markers to evaluate metabolic recovery and stress produced by the training season workload in elite kayakers.


Assuntos
Ácido Cítrico/urina , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Melatonina/análogos & derivados , Adolescente , Atletas , Humanos , Masculino , Melatonina/urina , Tempo , Adulto Jovem
13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36231658

RESUMO

Caregivers' emotions and finances are affected by the deterioration of functional capacity of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), both in Mexico and Spain. Patient associations may reduce this impact on caregivers. This study aims to study the role of two models of associations, inspired by two different cultural models, in how the services they provide can help decrease the emotional and financial impact on the caregivers of children with DMD. The sample consisted of 34 caregivers from Mexico and 40 from Spain recruited from Spanish hospitals and rare disease organizations in Spain and Mexico. The instruments used consisted of a sociodemographic and socioeconomic questionnaire, the CarerQol-7D, the PHQ-15, the Zarit Caregiver's Burden Scale and the SWLS. The results showed that caregivers in Mexico are in better physical and psychological health than caregivers in Spain. They also receive more subsidies than those in Spain. Caregivers in Mexico have a greater well-being and are less affected by the economic impact of the disease due to the associations' day-to-day work and the fact that they generate a network of health services that they make available to the patient free of charge. These differences may also be attributable to cultural issues and to the fact that Mexico has a deeply established culture of support.


Assuntos
Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne , Cuidadores/psicologia , Criança , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Comparação Transcultural , Emoções , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e Questionários
14.
Mol Nutr Food Res ; 65(11): e2000965, 2021 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33554468

RESUMO

SCOPE: To examine the effects of myo-inositol supplementation during lactation in male and female rats on metabolic parameters and its potential to reverse metabolic alterations associated with a moderate gestational calorie restriction. METHODS AND RESULTS: The offspring of control and 25% gestational calorie-restricted rats are supplemented with myo-inositol or vehicle throughout lactation and exposed to a Western diet (WD) from 5 to 7 months of age. Blood parameters are measured and gene expression and protein levels in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) and liver are analyzed. In male offspring, but not in females, myo-inositol supplementation resulted in lower fasting triglyceride and insulin levels and HOMA-IR at 7 months, and reversed the alterations in these parameters due to gestational calorie restriction. The expression pattern of key genes in metabolism in rWAT and liver support the beneficial effect of myo-inositol supplementation in reversing metabolic alterations programmed by gestational calorie restriction in male rats. CONCLUSIONS: Myo-inositol supplementation at physiological doses during lactation improves metabolic health and prevents the programmed trend to develop insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridemia in male rats acquired by inadequate fetal nutrition and exacerbated by a diabetogenic diet in adulthood. The absence of clear effects in females deserves further investigation.


Assuntos
Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Inositol/farmacologia , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Tecido Adiposo Branco/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Adiposo Branco/metabolismo , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Restrição Calórica , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ingestão de Alimentos , Metabolismo Energético/genética , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistência à Insulina , Lactação , Leptina/sangue , Masculino , Obesidade/etiologia , Gravidez , Ratos Wistar , Fatores Sexuais , Triglicerídeos/sangue
15.
Microorganisms ; 9(3)2021 Mar 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33803635

RESUMO

Growing evidence indicates that small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) play important regulatory roles during bacterial infection. In Salmonella Typhimurium, several sRNAs are strongly up-regulated within macrophages, but little is known about their role during the infection process. Among these sRNAs, the well-characterized paralogs RyhB-1 and RyhB-2 are two regulators of gene expression mainly related with the response to iron availability. To investigate the role of the sRNAs RyhB-1 and RyhB-2 from S. Typhimurium in the infection of RAW264.7 macrophages, we analyzed several phenotypic traits from intracellular mutant strains lacking one and both sRNAs. Deletion of RyhB-1 and/or RyhB-2 resulted in increased intracellular survival and faster replication within macrophages. The bacterial metabolic status inside macrophages was also analyzed, revealing that all the mutant strains exhibited higher intracellular levels of ATP and lower NAD+/NADH ratios than the wild type. Expression analyses from bacteria infecting macrophages showed that RyhB-1 and RyhB-2 affect the intra-macrophage expression of bacterial genes associated with the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) and the type III secretion system (T3SS). With a two-plasmid system and compensatory mutations, we confirmed that RyhB-1 and RyhB-2 directly interact with the mRNAs of the invasion chaperone SicA and the regulatory protein RtsB. Altogether, these results indicate that the RyhB homologs contribute to the S. Typhimurium virulence modulation inside macrophages by reducing the intracellular growth and down-regulating the SPI-1 gene expression.

16.
Microbiol Res ; 242: 126629, 2021 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33153884

RESUMO

Small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression and physiology in bacteria. RyhB is an iron-responsive sRNA well characterized in Escherichia coli and conserved in other Enterobacteriaceae. In this study, we identified and characterized two RyhB homologs (named RyhB-1 and RyhB-2) in the fish pathogen Yersinia ruckeri. We found that, as in other Enterobacteriaceae, both RyhB-1 and RyhB-2 are induced under iron starvation, repressed by the Fur regulator, and depend on Hfq for stability. Despite these similarities in expression, the mutant strains of Y. ruckeri lacking RyhB-1 (ΔryhB-1) or RyhB-2 (ΔryhB-2) exhibited differential phenotypes. In comparison with the wild type, the ΔryhB-1 strain showed a hypermotile phenotype, reduced biofilm formation, increased replication rate, faster growth, and increased ATP levels in bacterial cultures. By contrast, in salmon cell cultures, the ΔryhB-1 strain exhibited an increased survival. On the other hand, the ΔryhB-2 strain was non-motile and showed augmented biofilm formation as compared to the wild type. The expression of a subset of RyhB conserved targets, selected from different bacterial species, was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR in wild type, ΔryhB-1, ΔryhB-2, and ΔryhB-1 ΔryhB-2 strains cultured in iron-depleted media. RyhB-1 negatively affected the expression of most analyzed genes (sodB, acnA, sdhC, bfr, fliF, among others), whose functions are related to metabolism and motility, involving iron-containing proteins. Among the genes analyzed, only sdhC and bfr appeared as targets for RyhB-2. Taken together, these results indicate that Y. ruckeri RyhB homologs participate in the modulation of the bacterial physiology with non-redundant roles.


Assuntos
Fenômenos Fisiológicos Bacterianos , Doenças dos Peixes/microbiologia , RNA Bacteriano/genética , Pequeno RNA não Traduzido/genética , Yersinia ruckeri/genética , Yersinia ruckeri/fisiologia , Animais , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Escherichia coli/genética , Peixes , Deleção de Genes , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica , Homeostase , Ferro/metabolismo , Fenótipo , Yersiniose
17.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 68(1): 2-12, 2021 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30945819

RESUMO

In December 2016, low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) caused by an H7N6 subtype was confirmed in a grow-out turkey farm located in Valparaiso Region, Chile. Depopulation of exposed animals, zoning, animal movement control and active surveillance were implemented to contain the outbreak. Two weeks later, a second grow-out turkey farm located 70 km north of the first site was also infected by H7N6 LPAI, which subsequently spilled over to one backyard poultry flock. The virus involved in the outbreak shared a close genetic relationship with Chilean aquatic birds' viruses collected in previous years. The A/turkey/Chile/2017(H7N6) LPAI virus belonged to a native South American lineage. Based on the H7 and most of the internal genes' phylogenies, these viruses were also closely related to the ones that caused a highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak in Chile in 2002. Results from this study help to understand the regional dynamics of influenza outbreaks, highlighting the importance of local native viruses circulating in the natural reservoir hosts.


Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Vírus da Influenza A/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Aviária/epidemiologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/epidemiologia , Perus , Animais , Chile/epidemiologia , Vírus da Influenza A/classificação , Vírus da Influenza A/genética , Influenza Aviária/virologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/virologia
18.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 267: 113543, 2021 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33152429

RESUMO

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Chilean population relies on medicinal plants for treating a wide range of illnesses, especially those of the gastrointestinal system. Junellia spathulata (Gillies & Hook.) Moldenke var. spathulata (Verbenaceae), called as "verbena-azul-de-cordilleira", is a medicinal plant native to Argentina and Chile traditionally used for treating digestive disorders. Although the species of the genus are important as therapeutic resources for the Andean population, the plants are very scarcely studied. AIMS OF THE STUDY: The purpose of the present study was to find out the main constituents and investigate the protective effect of J. spathulata against oxidative stress induced by the potent oxidant 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) in human hepatoblastoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The crude methanol extract of J. spathulata and an iridoid obtained by chromatographic processes were tested to access the hepatoprotective effect and cytotoxicity in HepG2 cell. In addition, the reducing power of the samples and their ability to scavenge free radicals were evaluated using FRAP and ORAC assay systems. RESULTS: The iridoid asperuloside, the main compound of the crude methanol extract of J. spathulata, was isolated and identified by means of NMR analysis. The crude methanol extract of J. spathulata and asperuloside protected HepG2 cells against oxidative damage triggered by AAPH-derived free radicals. This effect can be credited to the ability of the extract and asperuloside to protect the liver cells from chemical-induced injury, which might be correlated to their free radical scavenging potential. CONCLUSIONS: This study experimentally evidenced the ethnopharmacological usefulness of J. spathulata as a treatment of digestive disorders. Our result could stimulate further investigations of hepatoprotective agents in other Chilean Junellia species.


Assuntos
Monoterpenos Ciclopentânicos/farmacologia , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Glucosídeos/farmacologia , Hepatócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Piranos/farmacologia , Verbenaceae , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Chile , Monoterpenos Ciclopentânicos/isolamento & purificação , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/isolamento & purificação , Glucosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Células Hep G2 , Hepatócitos/metabolismo , Hepatócitos/patologia , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Piranos/isolamento & purificação , Verbenaceae/química
19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33803993

RESUMO

This study aims to evaluate the costs of informal care for children with neuromuscular disease and evaluate how physical and psychological health is associated with socio-demographic variables. A cross sectional design was used with a convenience sample of 110 carers that participated in this study. Participants were recruited from Spanish hospitals and rare diseases organizations. Economic costs and sociodemographic aspects were assessed using the economic costs questionnaire and the sociodemographic questionnaire. Physical and psychological health was evaluated using the CarerQol-7D, PHQ-15, Barthel Index, Zarit Overload Scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Carers of children with neuromuscular disease spent a large percentage of their annual income in physical therapy, psychological care and speech therapy. Informal costs differed according to the degree of dependency of the child. These were higher in those caregivers whose child under their care presented low functional independence. The loss of work productivity was related to marital status, use of professional services and the child's dependency. Finally, carers who were female, single or separated and without a job showed worse physical and psychological health. The results highlighted that carers have to face a number of high costs because of the non-existence of social protection and due to the child's diagnosis.


Assuntos
Cuidadores , Doenças Neuromusculares , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e Questionários
20.
Front Psychol ; 12: 637413, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33737897

RESUMO

Rare neuromuscular diseases (RNMDs) are a group of pathologies characterized by a progressive loss of muscular strength, atrophy, fatigue, and other muscle-related symptoms, which affect quality of life (QoL) levels. The low prevalence, high geographical dispersion and disability of these individuals involve difficulties in accessing health and social care services. Teleassistance is presented as a useful tool to perform psychosocial interventions in these situations. The main aim of this research is to assess the effects of a teleassistance psychosocial program on the QoL levels of people with RNMDs who have different levels of disability. A sample of 73 participants was divided into an experimental group (n = 40), which participated in the intervention, and a control wait list group (n = 33). QoL was evaluated through the SIP and the SF-36, and disability through the WHO-DAS II. The participants with a moderate to severe level of disability were those who most benefited from the intervention. The results also revealed that the psychosocial teleassistance program was suitable to improve physical and psychosocial aspects of people suffering from a rare neuromuscular disease with a moderate level of disability, but just psychosocial aspects in those with a severe level of disability.

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