Canned Navy Bean Consumption Reduces Metabolic Risk Factors Associated with Obesity.

The high prevalence of obesity and its metabolic co-morbidities require dietitians to promote lifestyle modifications that can be effectively implemented into practice and are feasible for customers to adhere to. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of commercially available ready-to-eat canned navy beans added to the habitual diet on risk factors associated with obesity. Fourteen overweight and obese adults consumed 5 cups of canned navy beans per week for 4 weeks. The study results demonstrated that bean consumption results in reduced waist circumference in females by 2.5 cm and males by 2.1 cm (P < 0.001). The effect of beans on pulse rate, total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) were sex dependent (P < 0.05). In males, pulse rate, TC, and LDL were decreased by 6.5%, 11.5%, and 18%, respectively. In females, pulse rate increased by 9.6%, and TC and LDL were relatively unchanged. There was a trend for a decreased glucose AUC (P = 0.06) in response to a glucose load. This study demonstrates that consuming 5 cups per week of ready-to-eat canned navy beans for 4 weeks reduces metabolic risk factors associated with obesity and therefore can be used as a tool in dietetic practice.

The acute effect of commercially available pulse powders on postprandial glycaemic response in healthy young men.

Whole pulses (beans, peas, chickpeas and lentils) elicit low postprandial blood glucose (BG) responses in adults; however, their consumption in North America is low. One potential strategy to increase the dietary intake of pulses is the utilisation of commercial pulse powders in food products; however, it is unclear whether they retain the biological benefits observed with whole pulses. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of commercially prepared pulse powders on BG response before and after a subsequent meal in healthy young men. Overall, three randomised, within-subject experiments were conducted. In each experiment, participants received whole, puréed and powdered pulses (navy beans in Expt 1; lentils in Expt 2; chickpeas in Expt 3) and whole-wheat flour as the control. All treatments were controlled for available carbohydrate content. A fixed-energy pizza meal (50·2 kJ/kg body weight) was provided at 120 min. BG concentration was measured before (0-120 min) and after (140-200 min) the pizza meal. BG concentration peaked at 30 min in all experiments, and pulse forms did not predict their effect on BG response. Compared with the whole-wheat flour control, navy bean treatments lowered peak BG concentrations (Expt 1, P< 0.05), but not the mean BG concentration over 120 min. The mean BG concentration was lower for all lentil (Expt 2, P= 0.008) and chickpea (Expt 3, P= 0.002) treatments over 120 min. Processing pulses to powdered form does not eliminate the benefits of whole pulses on BG response, lending support to the use of pulse powders as value-added food ingredients to moderate postprandial glycaemic response.

The effects of whole grain high-amylose maize flour as a source of resistant starch on blood glucose, satiety, and food intake in young men.

The objective of this study was to determine the dose response effect of whole grain high-amylose maize (HAM) flour as a source of resistant starch (RS) on blood glucose, appetite and short-term food intake. In a repeated-measures crossover trial, healthy men (n = 30, 22.9 ± 0.6 y, BMI of 22.6 ± 0.3 kg/m(2)) were randomly assigned to consume 1 of 3 cookies once a week for 3 wk. Cookies were control (100% wheat flour), low-dose (63% wheat flour,37% HAM flour), and high-dose (33% wheat flour, 67% HAM flour) providing 53.5, 43.5, and 36.3 g of available carbohydrate, respectively. Ad libitum food intake was measured 120 min at a pizza meal, blood glucose and subjective appetite were measured after consumption of the cookie (0 to 120 min) and after the pizza meal (140 to 200 min). Blood glucose concentrations were lower at 30 and 45 min after high-dose treatment, and at 120 min after both high- and low-dose treatments compared to control (P < 0.05). Blood glucose AUC before the pizza meal (0 to 120 min) was 44% and 14% lower, and higher by 43% and 41% after the pizza meal (140 to 200 min) compared with control. Yet despite the higher response following the meal, cumulative AUC (0 to 200 min) was still 22% lower after the high-dose treatment (P < 0.05). All treatments equally suppressed subjective appetite and there was no effect on food intake. In conclusion, HAM flour as a source of RS and incorporated into a cookie was associated with better glycemic control in young men.

Acute sodium ingestion has no effect on short-term food and water intake, subjective appetite, thirst, or glycemic response in healthy young men.

The high intake of dietary sodium (Na(+)) has been associated with obesity and insulin resistance, sparking the hypothesis that the consumption of salty foods affects food intake (FI) and postprandial blood glucose (BG) response. Therefore, we conducted 2 randomized repeated-measures experiments to examine the acute effects of the Na(+) content of solid food and beverage on FI, water intake (WI), subjective appetite, thirst, and BG. FI and WI were measured at ad libitum pizza test meals; appetite, thirst, and BG were measured at baseline and at regular intervals before and after meals. In the first experiment, 16 males (mean body mass index (BMI), 22.2 kg·m(-2)) consumed a low-Na(+) (71 mg) bean preload (300 kcal) with or without 740 mg or 1480 mg of added Na(+) 120 min prior to the pizza meal. Participants ate 116 kcal more at the test meal after consuming beans with 740 mg of added Na(+) than after beans with 1480 mg of added Na(+). In the second experiment, 19 males (mean BMI, 23.2 kg·m(-2)) consumed a low-Na(+) (62 mg) tomato beverage (73 kcal) with or without 500, 1000, 1500, or 2000 mg of added Na(+) 30 min prior to a pizza meal. The beverage with 2000 mg of added Na(+) led to higher WI during the pizza meal than the beverage with 500 mg of added Na(+). However, compared with the control conditions (no added Na(+)), added Na(+) treatments had no effect on dependent measures in either experiment. In conclusion, the acute intake of Na(+), in a solid or liquid form, did not affect short-term subjective ratings of appetite or thirst, ad libitum FI or WI, or BG in healthy young men.

Insatisfacción de la imagen corporal y rasgos físicos relacionados: estudio en una muestra de mujeres universitarias / Dissatisfaction of body image and related physical traits: study in a sample of university women

La imagen corporal es la concepción que los individuos tienen de sus propios cuerpos. Esta percepción es un determinante importante de la autoestima y se encuentra influenciada por factores psicológicos, fsonómicos y antropométricos. La insatisfacción de la imagen corporal suele estar condicionada por el entorno social, cultural y pensamientos del individuo [1, 2]. Además, distintos rasgos físicos (de nacimiento o adquiridos) también pueden afectar la percepción de la apariencia y repercutir sobre la satisfacción que tiene la persona en su imagen corporal [3]. La alteración de la percepción corporal comienza a edades tempranas y se incrementa durante la transición de la adolescencia a la adultez, en gran parte asociada al aumento simultáneo del índice de masa corporal [4]. Se ha visto que este trastorno afecta alrededor del 50% de los adolescentes y adultos jóvenes [5, 6], disminuyendo a edades mayores [7]. En general las mujeres son más proclives a desarrollar una insatisfacción corporal. Cuando ésta ocurre puede provocar cambios en la actitud, estado anímico y comportamiento de las personas [6, 8]. Este estudio se realizó con la fnalidad de estimar la frecuencia de una insatisfacción de la imagen corporal en mujeres jóvenes universitarias e identifcar algunos de los rasgos físicos que estarían relacionados con esa percepción de la apariencia corporal

Body image is the conception that individuals have of their own bodies This perception is an important determinant of self-esteem and is in fl uenced by psychological factors, phonemic and anthropometric. Dissatisfaction of body image is usually conditioned by the social, cultural and thoughts environment of the individual [1, 2]. In addition, different physical features (from birth or acquired) may also affect the perception of appearance and affect the satisfaction that the person has in his image body [3]. Alteration of body perception begins at an early age and increases during the transition from adolescence to adulthood, largely associated with the simultaneous increase in mass index body [4]. It has been seen that this disorder affects about 50% of adolescents and young adults [5, 6], decreasing at older ages [7]. In general, women are more likely to develop dissatisfaction bodily. When this occurs it can cause changes in attitude, mood and behavior of people [6, 8]. This study was conducted with the purpose of estimating the frequency of a body image dissatisfaction in young university women and identify some of the physical traits that would be related to that perception of body appearance