RESUMO
We determined the gene frequencies for the alleles of the HLA-linked complement markers C2, properdin factor B (BF), C4A (Rodgers) and C4B (Chido), and the red cell enzyme glyoxalase-I in 38 unrelated patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, 42 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, and 59 unaffected, aged-matched control blood donors. In senile dementia of the Alzheimer type and in Parkinson's disease, no significant difference was found in the gene frequencies of alleles at either the BF, C2, or GLO-I locus compared with those of age-matched controls. In senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, a striking increase in the frequency of the rare C4B locus allele, C4*B2, was apparent, resulting in the high relative risk of RR = 8.8 (p less than 0.0001) for this disorder.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/imunologia , Complemento C4/imunologia , Demência/imunologia , Antígenos HLA/imunologia , Doença de Parkinson/imunologia , Alelos , Doença de Alzheimer/genética , Complemento C4/genética , Demência/genética , Antígenos HLA/genética , Humanos , Lactoilglutationa Liase/genética , Lactoilglutationa Liase/imunologia , Doença de Parkinson/genética , Properdina/genética , Properdina/imunologiaRESUMO
The genetic polymorphism of the fourth component of human complement, C4, was studied in 945 unrelated Caucasian individuals. A third allele of the C4F (Rodgers) locus, termed C4F1 was demonstrated. This allele is characterized using immunofixation electrophoresis, by the presence of an additional fast-moving anodal band of C4 which distinguishes it clearly from the common C4F variant. The allelic frequencies fit the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium assuming three alleles at the C4F locus: C4F, C4Fo, and C4F1. The functional activity of the C4F variants was investigated using a specific hemolytic overlay technique for C4. It was found that in almost all individuals (75 out of 78), the C4F1 allele codes for a functionally inactive C4 product only when it occurs on an HLA-B17 positive haplotype but that the same allele codes for a functionally active fast variant of C4 when it occurs on an HLS-B37 positive haplotype (18 out of 18). Very strong genetic linkage disequilibrium was observed for the C4F1 allele with HLA-B17 and B37. The active and inactive C4F1 variant also has marked nonrandom gametic association to different alleles of the Bf locus and to HLA-C locus determinants. No further variants of the C4S (Chido) locus have been identified so far. Rodgers (Rg) typing by the plasma inhibition test of anti-Rg antiserum has shown that plasma from individuals homozygous for the C4F1 allele is only able to partially inhibit anti-Rg whereas all C4F positive individuals totally inhibited the reaction.
Assuntos
Alelos , Complemento C4/genética , Variação Genética , Antígenos HLA/genética , Ligação Genética , Haploidia , Hemólise , Homozigoto , Humanos , Imunoeletroforese , FenótipoRESUMO
The genetic polymorphism of properdin factor B (BF) was studied in different populations. The rarer alleles, BF*F1 and BF*S1, occurred in Caucasians, were less frequent in North American blacks, and were not demonstrated in any of three Oriental populations studied. Two further alleles of BF, termed BF*FM and BF*SM, were found to exist in these populations. The BF*FM allele, which was found only in Caucasians, codes for a functionally inactive factor-B product, whereas the BF*SM allele (found in a single Chinese individual), like other alleles of BF, codes for a functionally active product. HLA haplotype analyses in individuals carrying the rarer alleles of BF revealed not only a strong association between BF*F1 and HLA-B18 and BF*S1 and HLA-Bw50 but an even stronger association between these BF alleles and alleles of the two C4 loci. BF*F1 occurred most frequently on a C4A*3,B*Q0 haplotype, whereas the BF*S1 allele was usually found on a C4A*2,B*1/B*Q0 haplotype. HLA haplotypes carrying the BF*FM and BF*SM alleles all carried the more common C*4A3,B*1 haplotype.
Assuntos
Fator B do Complemento/imunologia , Precursores Enzimáticos/imunologia , Antígenos HLA/genética , Alelos , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Genótipo , Humanos , Imunoeletroforese , Biossíntese de ProteínasRESUMO
"The spatial structure of population within a metropolitan-area-based region is approached via the population density function, in much the same way as has been undertaken for a city or metropolitan area.... The concern in the balance of the paper is with certain properties lognormal form.... Consideration is given first to properties based on density. The population form of the lognormal function is then derived, and properties based on population are examined. Attention is also given to relationships among density-based and population-based properties." The approach is illustrated using data for London, England, for the period 1971-1981.
Assuntos
Demografia , Geografia , Modelos Teóricos , Densidade Demográfica , População Urbana , Países Desenvolvidos , Inglaterra , Europa (Continente) , População , Pesquisa , Reino UnidoAssuntos
Antígenos , Membrana Celular/imunologia , Linfócitos/imunologia , Baço/imunologia , Timo/imunologia , Animais , Antígenos/isolamento & purificação , Cromatografia em Gel , Testes Imunológicos de Citotoxicidade , Eletroforese Descontínua , Soros Imunes , Focalização Isoelétrica , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Baço/citologia , Timo/citologiaAssuntos
Hiperplasia Suprarrenal Congênita , Alelos , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Antígenos HLA/genética , Esteroide Hidroxilases/deficiência , Hiperplasia Suprarrenal Congênita/genética , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/farmacologia , Feminino , Genótipo , Haploidia , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Hidroxiprogesteronas/sangue , Masculino , Linhagem , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Hiperplasia Suprarrenal Congênita/genética , Frequência do Gene , Ligação Genética , Antígenos HLA/genética , Lactoilglutationa Liase/genética , Liases/genética , Esteroide 21-Hidroxilase , Esteroide Hidroxilases , Alelos , Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Humanos , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMO
A monoclonal antibody reactive against C4B locus products was used in a passive immunoblotting technique to distinguish C4B from C4A electrophoretic variants. The technique is simple and has the advantage of being able to distinguish clearly those C4B variants which may be either difficult to define by conventional hemolytic assay alone or which would normally be designated as C4B products on account of their lack of hemolytic function. Patterns detected by immunoblotting can be compared directly with patterns obtained by immunofixation with anti-C4 from the same gel.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais , Tipagem e Reações Cruzadas Sanguíneas/métodos , Complemento C4/genética , Alelos , Eletroforese das Proteínas Sanguíneas , Complemento C4/imunologia , Complemento C4a , Complemento C4b , Humanos , Imunoeletroforese , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMO
Administration of C. parvum alone did not improve the survival of C57BL/6 mice injected with the EL4 lymphoma. The anti-tumour effect of anti-EL4 Ig was however increased by C. parvum treatment, and the combination therapy of anti-EL4 Ig and cytotoxic drugs was even more improved. However, C. parvum only had this effect when given by the same i.p. route as the tumour cells, and the effect was greater when C. parvum was injected 5 days before than 1 day after tumour cells.
Assuntos
Linfoma/terapia , Propionibacterium acnes/imunologia , Animais , Citarabina/uso terapêutico , Relação Dose-Resposta Imunológica , Soros Imunes/administração & dosagem , Imunização Passiva , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Injeções Intravenosas , Linfoma/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Neoplasias Experimentais/imunologia , Neoplasias Experimentais/terapiaRESUMO
The association between the HLA-B14 subtypes Bw64 and Bw65 and complement allotypes (C2, Bf and C4) was investigated in both population and family studies. Bf, C4A and C4B allotyping was performed on 37 Bw64 and 35 Bw65 positive unrelated Welsh/English subjects. Sixteen HLA-Bw65 bearing haplotypes were characterized for HLA-ABC, DR and DQ antigens and complement allotypes, including C2. The findings of the population study suggested that the complement haplotype associated with Bw64 is BfS, C4A2, C4B2. The population and family studies revealed two major complement haplotypes associated with HLA-Bw65: (i) C2C, BfF, C4A3, C4A1 - often associated with HLA-A3, Cw8 and DRw13, and (ii) C2C, BfS, C4A2, C4B2 - often associated with HLA-Aw33, Cw8 and DR1 or with A28, Cw8 and DRw13. The HLA-Bw65 bearing haplotypes of three families carried a C4B2B1 duplication of the C4B locus. In these families three C4B gene products were identified in the Bw65 positive members using an anti-C4B monoclonal antibody. It is suggested that most, if not all, HLA-Bw65 bearing haplotypes may possess a C4B locus duplication.
Assuntos
Proteínas do Sistema Complemento/genética , Genes MHC Classe I , Antígenos HLA/genética , Antígenos HLA-B , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Inglaterra , Genes , Ligação Genética , Haplótipos , Humanos , Linhagem , País de GalesRESUMO
A "new" variant of the factor B (Bf) system has been found in the serum of three individuals of a North American Black family. This variant migrates faster than Bf F1 and has been designated Bf F1.35 on account of the relative electrophoretic mobility using reference Bf typed sera. This new factor B variant (F1.35) was found to be functionally active using a specific hemolytic overlay technique and was inherited on an HLA-A28;Bw35;C4 A3,B1;C2C;DR3;GLO2 haplotype.