RESUMO
The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial and anticancer properties of a fucoidan extract and subsequent fractions isolated from the macroalgae Fucus vesiculosus. The fractions obtained (>300 kDa, <300 kDa, <100 kDa, <50 kDa and <10 kDa) could inhibit the growth of B. subtilis, E. coli, L. innocua and P. fluorescens when assayed at concentrations between 12,500 and 25,000 ppm. The bacterial growth was monitored by optical density (OD) measurements (600 nm, 24 h) at 30 °C or 37 °C, depending upon on the strain used. The extracted fractions were also tested for cytotoxicity against brain glioblastoma cancer cells using the Alamar Blue assay for 24 h, 48 h and 6 days. The >300 kDa fraction presented the lowest IC50 values (0.052% - 24 h; 0.032% - 6 days). The potential bioactivity of fucoidan as an antimicrobial and anticancer agent was demonstrated in this study. Hence, the related mechanisms of action should be explored in a near future.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Fucus/metabolismo , Glioma/tratamento farmacológico , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Bacillus subtilis/efeitos dos fármacos , Bacillus subtilis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Glioma/patologia , Humanos , Microbiologia Industrial , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Listeria/efeitos dos fármacos , Listeria/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Peso Molecular , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Pseudomonas fluorescens/efeitos dos fármacos , Pseudomonas fluorescens/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Pyrazolopyrimidinones are fused nitrogen-containing heterocyclic systems, which act as a core scaffold in many pharmaceutically relevant compounds. Pyrazolopyrimidinones have been demonstrated to be efficient in treating several diseases, including cystic fibrosis, obesity, viral infection and cancer. In this study using glioblastoma U-251MG cell line, we tested the cytotoxic effects of 15 pyrazolopyrimidinones, synthesised via a two-step process, in combination with cold atmospheric plasma (CAP). CAP is an adjustable source of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as well as other unique chemical and physical effects which has been successfully tested as an innovative cancer therapy in clinical trials. Significantly variable cytotoxicity was observed with IC50 values ranging from around 11 µM to negligible toxicity among tested compounds. Interestingly, two pyrazolopyrimidinones were identified that act in a prodrug fashion and display around 5-15 times enhanced reactive-species dependent cytotoxicity when combined with cold atmospheric plasma. Activation was evident for direct CAP treatment on U-251MG cells loaded with the pyrazolopyrimidinone and indirect CAP treatment of the pyrazolopyrimidinone in media before adding to cells. Our results demonstrated the potential of CAP combined with pyrazolopyrimidinones as a programmable cytotoxic therapy and provide screened scaffolds that can be used for further development of pyrazolopyrimidinone prodrug derivatives.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Glioblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Gases em Plasma/metabolismo , Pirazóis/uso terapêutico , Piridinas/uso terapêutico , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Piridinas/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The discovery of the high-affinity, high-specificity folate receptor in mamalian kidney cells, coupled with the ability of folate to enter cells by folate receptor-mediated endocytosis and the subsequent elucidation of the folate receptor's overexpression in specific cancer cell types; heralded the arrival of the area of chemotherapeutic folate targeting. The application of purely organic folate-based small-molecule drug conjugates that selectively target the folate receptor, which is over expressed in several diseases such as cancer, is well established. The application of inorganic folate-targeted drugs offers significant potential to expand and enhance this therapeutic approach. From the data made available to date, it is apparent that this aspect of inorganic medicinal chemistry is in its youth but has the capability to contribute greatly to cancer research, both in therapy and diagnosis. The union of folate-receptor targeting and inorganic medicine may also lead to the development of treatments for disorders such as chronic-inflammation, tuberculosis, neurodegenerative disease and leishmaniasis. In this review, we summarize what is known about the coordination chemistry of folic acid and the therapeutic potential of such complexes. We also describe approaches adopted to conjugate platinum drugs to folate- or folate-carrier- systems and their prospective ability to overcome problems associated with unwanted side-effects and resistance by improving their delivery and/or selectivity. The literature pertaining to non-platinum metal complex conjugates with folic acid is also reviewed revealing that this is an area that offers significant potential to develop targeted therapeutic approaches in areas such as chemotherapy and molecular imaging for diagnostics.
Assuntos
Receptores de Folato com Âncoras de GPI/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Química Farmacêutica , Cisplatino/química , Cisplatino/metabolismo , Cisplatino/uso terapêutico , Meios de Contraste/química , Complexos de Coordenação/química , Complexos de Coordenação/metabolismo , Complexos de Coordenação/uso terapêutico , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Receptores de Folato com Âncoras de GPI/antagonistas & inibidores , Ácido Fólico/química , Ácido Fólico/metabolismo , Humanos , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/patologiaRESUMO
Cu(BZA)(2)(EtOH)(0.5) (1) was generated by the reaction of copper(II) hydroxide with benzoic acid (BZAH). [Cu(TBZH)(2)(BZA)](BZA).0.5TBZH.H(2)O (2) and [Cu(2-PyBZIMH)(2-PyBZIM)(BZA)].1.66EtOH (3) were obtained when 1 reacted with Thiabendazole (TBZH) and 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole (2-PyBZIMH), respectively. [Cu(BZA)(2)(phen)(H(2)O)] (4) was isolated from the reaction of benzoic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) with copper(II)acetate dihydrate. Molecular structures of 2, 3 and 4 were determined crystallographically. 2 and 3 are hydrogen bonded dimers and trimers, respectively. The copper centres in complexes 2 and 3 are bis-chelate derivatives that have N(4)O ligation and their geometry is very similar being approximately square-pyramidal. However whereas in complex 2 both TBZH ligands are neutral in 3 one of the 2-PyBZIMH chelators is deprotonated on each copper. The structural results for 4 represent a re-examination of this crystallographically known compound for which no hydrogen atom coordinates have been previously reported. It crystallises as a hydrogen bonded dimmer and is a mono-chelate of phen with each copper centre possessing N(2)O(3) ligation and square pyramidal geometry. The catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of the four complexes along with those of the known phenanthroline complexes [Cu(mal)(phen)(2)] and [Cu(phendione)(3)](ClO(4))(2) (malH(2)=malonic acid and phendione=1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione) were investigated. Complexes 1-4, the metal free ligands and a simple copper(II) salt were assessed for their cancer chemotherapeutic potential against the hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G(2)) and kidney adenocarcinoma (A-498) cell lines. TBZH, 2-PyBZIMH and benzoic acid when uncoordinated to a metal centre offer poor chemotherapeutic potential. copper(II) benzoate is significantly more active than the free acid. The bis-chelate derivatives [Cu(TBZH)(2)(BZA)](BZA).0.5TBZH.H(2)O (2) and [Cu(2-PyBZIMH)(2-PyBZIM)(BZA)].1.66EtOH (3) elicit a significant cytotoxic response to the cancer cell lines tested. Replacing TBZH and 2-PyBZIMH with phen to give [Cu(BZA)(2)(phen)(H(2)O)] (4) does not significantly increase the anti-cancer activity.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/química , Benzimidazóis/química , Benzoatos/química , Quelantes/química , Mimetismo Molecular , Nitrogênio/química , Fenantrolinas/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Benzimidazóis/farmacologia , Benzoatos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cristalografia por Raios X , Humanos , Ligação de Hidrogênio , Ligantes , Estrutura Molecular , Fenantrolinas/farmacologia , Espectrofotometria InfravermelhoRESUMO
The complexes [Ag2(OOC-(CH2)n-COO)] (n=1-10) (1-10) were synthesised and reacted with 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) to yield derivatives formulating as [Ag2(phen)x(OOC-(CH2)y-COO)]·zH2O (x=2 or 3; y=1-10; z=1-4) (11-20) which are highly water-soluble and photo-stable in aqueous solution. The phen derivatives 11-20 exhibit chemotherapeutic potential against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and against cisplatin-sensitive breast (MCF-7) and resistant ovarian (SKOV-3) cancer cell lines. Cyclic voltammetric analysis and DNA binding and intercalation studies indicate that the mechanism of action of 11-20 is significantly different to that of their silver(I) dicarboxylate precursors and they do not induce DNA damage or ROS generation in mammalian cells. The representative complexes 9 and 19 (containing the undecanedioate ligand) were both found to significantly reduce superoxide and hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress in the yeast S. cerevisiae.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Antineoplásicos , Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Candida albicans/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Fenantrolinas , Prata , Anti-Infecciosos/síntese química , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Substâncias Intercalantes/síntese química , Substâncias Intercalantes/química , Substâncias Intercalantes/farmacologia , Células MCF-7 , Neoplasias Ovarianas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Fenantrolinas/síntese química , Fenantrolinas/química , Fenantrolinas/farmacologia , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Prata/química , Prata/farmacologia , SolubilidadeRESUMO
The complexes [Cu(salH)(2)(H(2)O)] (1), [Cu(dipsH)(2)(H(2)O)] (2), {Cu(3-MeOsal)(H(2)O)(0.75)}(n) (3), [Cu(dipsH)(2)(BZDH)(2)] (4), [Cu(dipsH)(2)(2-MeOHBZDH)(2)]·EtOH (5), [Cu(sal)(phen)] (6), [Cu(dips)(phen)]·H(2)O (7), and [Cu(3-MeOsal)(phen)]·H(2)O (8) (salH(2) = salicylic acid; dipsH(2) = 3,5-diisopropylsalicylic acid; 3-MeOsalH(2) = 3-methoxysalicylic acid; BZDH = benzimidazole; 2-MeOHBZDH = 2 methanolbenzimidazole and phen =1,10-phenanthroline) were prepared and characterized. Structures of 4, 5, and 8 were determined by X-ray crystallography. Compounds 1-8 are potent superoxide dismutase mimetics, and they are inactive as inhibitors of COX-2 activity. Compounds 1, 4, and 5 exhibit moderate inhibition of COX-1. Complexes 6-8 display rapid micromolar cytotoxicity against cisplatin sensitive (breast (MCF-7), prostate (DU145), and colon (HT29)) and cisplatin resistant (ovarian (SK-OV-3)) cell lines compared to 1-5, and they exhibit potent in vitro DNA binding and cleavage capabilities.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Complexos de Coordenação/farmacologia , Cobre , DNA/metabolismo , Salicilatos/farmacologia , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Complexos de Coordenação/síntese química , Complexos de Coordenação/química , Cristalografia por Raios X , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/metabolismo , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/síntese química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/farmacologia , Clivagem do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Mimetismo Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Salicilatos/síntese química , Salicilatos/química , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Three, structurally characterised, bis-phen Cu(II) complexes of the phthalate isomers display rapid, low micromolar in vitro cytotoxicity against a range of epithelial tumour cells. The complexes induce relaxation of supercoiled plasmid DNA in the absence of external reducing agents and display efficient CT-DNA, Poly[d(A-T)](2) and Poly[d(G-C)](2) binding.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Cobre/química , DNA/metabolismo , Fenantrolinas/química , Ácidos Ftálicos/química , Modelos MolecularesRESUMO
2,2-dimethylpentanedioic acid (2dmepdaH(2)) and 3,3-dimethylpentanedioic acid (3dmepdaH(2)) reacted with copper(II) acetate to give [Cu(2dmepda)(H(2)O)(3)](2) (1) and [Cu(3dmepda)(H(2)O)(3)](2) (2). Reaction of (1) and (2) with 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2'-bipyridine yielded [Cu(2dmepda)(phen)(H(2)O)](2)0.5phen (3), [Cu(2dmepda)(bipy)(H(2)O)](2) (4), [Cu(2dmepda)(bipy)(EtOH)](2). 2EtOH (4A), [Cu(3dmepda)(phen)(H(2)O)](2) (5), and [Cu(3dmepda)(bipy)(H(2)O)](2). (6). The structures of (4A) and (6) each consists of a [Cu(bipy)(dicarboxylate)(solvent)](2) dimer. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic activity of the novel copper complexes and their manganese analogues was investigated. The dimethyl sulphoxide(DMSO) soluble complexes (1)-(4) and (6) were assessed for their cancer chemotherapeutic potential towards hepatocellular carcinoma and kidney adenocarcinoma cell lines. The 1,10-phenanthroline containing complex [Cu(2dmepda)(phen)(H(2)O)](2)0.5phen (3) was the most potent with activity that compares well to that of cisplatin.