Predictors of postpartum depression among an obstetric population in South-Western Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Perinatal maternal depression is the most common mood disturbance associated with pregnancy. It has grave consequences on both maternal health and wellbeing of offsprings, albeit usually neglected in low- and middle-income countries. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between antenatal depression(APD) and postpartum depression(PPD) and predictors of postpartum depression among an obstetric population in South-western Nigeria. METHODS: This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study involving272 pregnant women recruited between 34 and 36 weeks of pregnancy and followed up to till 6 weeks after delivery. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) questionnaires were administered to collect data. Data were analysed with SPSS version 23.A p-value < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. RESULTS: The prevalences of antepartum and postpartum depression were 6.3%, (95% CI 3.4%-9.2%) and 8.8% (95% CI 5.4%-12.1%) respectively. The Spearman correlation coefficient for antepartum EPDS and postpartum EPDS scores was 0.52, p < 0.001.The predictors of postpartum depression were antepartum depression (adjusted OR 10.6, 95% CI 8.33-48.60, p < 0.001), puerperal sepsis (adjusted OR 4.33, 95% CI 3.89-8.69, p = 0.03), domestic violence (adjusted OR 3.40, 95% CI 1.94-15.67, p = 0.01) and age group 25-34 years (adjusted OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02-0.75, p = 0.02), and household income $1671-$3330 (adjusted OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.02-0.56, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: There was a positive association between the antenatal EPDS and postnatal EPDS scores. Screening for maternal depression should be considered in prenatal period. Further studies are necessary to explore the novel finding of predictive role of puerperal sepsis in PPD.

Profile and outcome of patients with recurrent urogenital fistula in a fistula centre in Nigeria.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Management of a recurrent urogenital fistula is very challenging and requires experienced surgeons. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics, success rates, and associated factors related to surgical repairs of patients with recurrent urogenital fistulas by an experienced team at a fistula centre in Nigeria. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of 154 patients that had repeat urogenital fistula repairs at the National Obstetric Fistula Centre, Abakaliki, Nigeria, between January 2014 and December 2016. Information was retrieved from their hospital records. Successful repair was defined by continent status at 3 months after repair. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 20 by IBM Inc., and p < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Chi-square test was used to determine the association between the factors and successful repair. RESULTS: The mean age was 36.27 ± 12.96 years. Obstetric fistula occurred in 92.2% of the patients. The success rates for the first, second, third, and fourth repeat repairs were 68.8%. 56.2%, 50%, and 0% respectively. Significant factors were the number of previous attempts at repair (χ2 = 20.44, p = 0.002), age group (χ2 = 16.95, p = 0.03), Waaldijk's classification (χ2 = 13.31, p = 0.04), duration of fistula (χ2 = 19.6, p = 0.03), surgeons' experience (χ2 = 7.11, p = 0.04), and place of previous attempt at repair (χ2 = 6.35, p = 0.02). There were no complications in 86.4%. CONCLUSIONS: The success rate was good. Patients who had previous failed repairs at the fistula centre had better outcomes after the repeat surgeries. Centralizing fistula care will enhance optimal outcomes. It may also boost training and research in this specialty.

The Predictors for Non-Adherence to Colposcopy among Women in an Underserved Community in Rural Southern Western Nigeria.

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women. It is a major public health problem in developing countries. Effective cervical cancer screening requires that women adhere to the screening program. The factors that influence adherence to colposcopy in rural areas of Nigeria are unknown. The objective of the study was to determine the factors that 0determine adherence and the sexual and reproductive factors that are associated with non-adherence of women to colposcopy. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of a project undertaken to determine the age- specific incidence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Irun Akoko, a rural town in Ondo state of Nigeria. A total of 492 women with abnormal results from 1420 women that were screened were recalled for colposcopy examination. Results: The non-adherence rate for colposcopy in this study was 25.8%. Women younger than 40years (p=0.0011) and those with number of living children ≤2 (p=0.04) are more likely to be non-adherent to colposcopy. Conclusion: The non-adherence rate to colposcopy was high. Younger women and those with fewer children were more likely not to adhere to colposcopy.

Obstetric Outcomes in High-Order Repeat Caesarean Deliveries in Nigeria: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the trend of effect of prior caesarean delivery (CD) on obstetric outcomes; and to investigate the existence of a threshold for order of CD associated with geometrical increase in complications. Materials and methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 942 parturients who undergone CD between June 2012 and May 2015 in a teaching hospital in Nigeria. The participants were stratified by the order of caesarean deliveries. We used linear-to-linear association to assess presence of a trend between the order of CD and categorical variables while Jonckheere-Terpstra was used to investigate whether a trend exist between order of CD and continuous variables. We also used multivariate logistic regression to evaluate the relative risk ratio of the outcome variables for each order of CD. Results: Composite adverse maternal outcome depicted a significant increasing trend from 1st CD (5.2%) to the 5thCD (50%). The relative risk ratio for composite adverse maternal outcome increased arithmetically from 1st CD to 3rd CD: RRR2.21, 95%CI 1.2-3.98 for 2ndCD; RRR3.39, 95%CI 1.60-9.27 for 3rdCD; followed by a geometric increase between 3rdCD and 4thCD (RRR11.64, 95%CI 3.20-18.86). In contrast, composite adverse fetal outcome did not depict a significant trend. However, perinatal death increased significantly from primary CD (4.6%) to 5thCD (33.3%). Conclusion: Maternal and fetal complications of repeat CD increase with increasing order of CD; and this trend became astronomical after the third CD. Couples should be counselled that both maternal and fetal complications increase with each additional CD and advised strongly to forgo future pregnancies after the 3rd CD.

Adverse birth outcomes among women exposed to intimate partner violence in pregnancy in Ikere-Ekiti, South-west Nigeria: A prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: Studies on birth outcomes associated with intimate partner violence in pregnancy in Nigeria are scarce. We aimed to evaluate adverse birth outcomes among women exposed to intimate partner violence in pregnancy in a Nigerian population. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a prospective cohort study involving 363 women with singleton pregnancies presenting for antenatal care between March 2019 and September 2019. Intimate partner violence was assessed with a validated self-administered questionnaire- ongoing abuse screen. We compared adverse birth outcomes between women that experienced intimate partner violence in pregnancy and those that did not. Multivariate logistic regression was used to adjust for confounders. RESULTS: Of the 363 pregnant women that completed the study, 56(15.4%) experienced intimate partner violence in pregnancy. Women who experienced intimate partner violence in pregnancy were significantly more likely to experience composite adverse birth outcome (53.6% compared with 20.2%,adjusted OR 4.72, 95% CI: 2.43-9.19, p < 0.001) preterm delivery (26.8% compared with 13.4%,adjusted OR 2.96, 95% CI: 1.34-6.50, p = 0.007), stillbirths(17.9% compared with 3.3%,adjusted OR 9.52, 95% CI: 3.96-22.90, p < 0.001) and neonatal intensive care unit admission (32.1% compared with 19.9%, adjusted OR 1.93, 95% CI: 1.19-10.60, p = 0.03). Mode of delivery and low birth weight did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Intimate partner violence is associated with increased risk of preterm delivery, stillbirth and neonatal intensive care unit admission. There is a need to evaluate the effect of interventions on these adverse birth outcomes.

Transvaginal Retropubic Urethropexy Versus Pubovaginal Sling for Treatment of Postrepair Urinary Incontinence.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the success rates of transvaginal retropubic urethropexy with fascia lata pubovaginal sling (PV sling) for treatment of postrepair urinary incontinence at a fistula center in Nigeria. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of 60 patients who had transvaginal retropubic urethropexy and 46 patients who had PV sling on account of postrepair incontinence at National Obstetric Fistula Centre, Abakaliki, Nigeria, between January 2014 and December 2016. Data were retrieved from the hospital records. Success was defined as negative urinary stress test at 3 months after repair. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 20, and P value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. χ was used to determine the association between the procedures and success rate. RESULTS: The success rate of transvaginal retropubic urethropexy versus PV sling was 53.3% versus 82.6% (χ = 9.95, P = 0.02). Complications occurred in 13.2%. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the efficacy of the fascia lata PV sling was more than that of transvaginal retropubic urethropexy for postrepair urinary incontinence. Urodynamic assessments need to be incorporated into management of these women for better patient's selection for each procedure.

Unmet need for contraception among HIV-positive women in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

As mother-to-child transmission of HIV is difficult to predict and also hard to prevent in practice, pregnancy among women living with HIV/AIDS (WHA) needs to be taken with considerable aforethought. The prevention of unwanted pregnancy among WHA is therefore a public health issue. The aim of our study was to determine the unmet need for contraception among HIV-positive women and the associated factors. Ours was a cross-sectional study involving 425 non-pregnant WHA attending an adult HIV clinic in Nigeria. Interviewer-administered, structured questionnaires designed for the study were used to obtain data. The contraceptive uptake was 47% while the unmet need for contraception was 20%. There were significant associations between unmet need for contraception and age group ( P < 0.001), religion ( P < 0.001), ethnic group ( P < 0.001), knowledge about contraceptives ( P = 0.02), educational status ( P = 0.01) and partners' retroviral status ( P = 0.008) The unmet need for contraception was high. Advocacy programs should perhaps be focused on older women, Christians and those with little or no education.

Determinants of successful labor induction in a teaching hospital in Nigeria: a 10-year review / Determinantes da indução do trabalho de parto bem sucedida em hospital-escola na Nigéria: uma revisão de 10 anos

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the success rate of labor induction and determinants of successful outcome. Methods: retrospective cohort study of parturients that undergone labor induction between 2006 and 2015. Data was retrieved from the medical records and multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the determinants of successful labor induction. Results: the rate of labor induction was 10.9%. Out of the 940 women analysed, six hundred and fifty-six women (69.8%) had successful vaginal delivery. Labor induction at 39-40 weeks (OR=2.70; CI95%=1.17-6.36), 41 weeks (OR=2.44; CI95%=1.14-5.28), estimated fetal weight between 2.5 and 3.4kg (OR=4.27, CI95%=1.96-5.59) and estimated fetal weight of 3.5-3.9kg (OR=5.45; CI95%=2.81-10.60) increased the odds of achieving vaginal delivery. Conclusions: our findings suggest that 39, 40 and 41 weeks are optimal gestational ages for labor induction with respect to successful vaginal delivery. Also, estimated fetal weight between 2.5kg and 3.9kg favours successful vaginal delivery.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a taxa de sucesso da indução do trabalho de parto e determinantes de um resultado bem sucedido. Métodos: estudo de coorte retrospectivo de parturientes que submeteram a indução de trabalho de parto entre 2006 e 2015. Os dados foram recuperados dos registros médicos e a regressão logística multivariada foi utilizada para avaliar os determinantes da indução de trabalho de parto bem sucedida. Resultados: a taxa de indução de trabalho de parto foi de 10,9%. Das 940 mulheres analisadas, seiscentas e cinquenta e seis mulheres (69,8%) tiveram um parto vaginal bem sucedido. A indução de trabalho de parto nas 39-40 semanas (OR=2,70; IC95%=1,17-6,36), 41 semanas (OR=2,44; IC95%=1,14-5,28), peso fetal estimado entre 2,5 e 3,4kg OR=4,27; IC95%=1,96-5,59) e peso fetal estimado entre 3,5-3,9kg (OR=5,45; IC95%=2,81-10,60) aumentou as probabilidades de conseguir um parto vaginal. Conclusões: as nossas conclusões sugerem que as 39, 40 e 41 semanas são idades gestacionais ideais para a indução do trabalho de parto no que diz respeito ao sucesso do parto vaginal. Além disso, o peso fetal estimado entre 2,5kg e 3,9kg favorece o parto vaginal bem sucedido.