[Emotional stress as a clinical model to study the pathogenesis of the initial phase of the general adaptation syndrome].

INTRODUCTION: General adaptation syndrome (GAS), the basis of the development of which is stress phenomenon, is an essential component of the pathogenesis of many diseases and syndromes. However, the patho genesis of GAS hitherto is considered exclusively from the endocrinological viewpoint. This relates primarily to the initial phase of the GAS, a clinical model for the study of which may be psycho-emotional stress (PES), which we studied using three groups of volunteers. METHODS: The first one consists of 25 students who were waiting for unaccustomed physical activity (17 men) and play debut on the stage (8 women). The second group consists of 48 children (2-14 years) who expected for "planned" surgery. The third group of volunteers is made up of 80 students (41 women and 39 men) during the first exam. The concentration of cortisol, endotoxin (ET), the activity of antiendotoxin immunity (AEI) and the haemostatic system parameters were determined in the blood serum of volunteers in various combinations. RESULTS: We found laboratory evidence for PES at 92% of students of the first group, 58% of children of the second one and in 21% of students of the third group of volunteers (mostly women). The concentration of ET increased at 13 (52%) volunteers of the first group with a significant increase of average indicators in the whole group (from 0.84 ± 0.06 to 1.19 ± 0.04 EU/ml). At children of the second group, the average concentration of ET increased even more significantly (from 0.42 ± 0.02 to 1.63 ± 0.11 EU/ml), which was accompanied by the activation of the hemostasis system. A degree of the activation was directly dependent on the level of ET in the general circulation and on an activity of AEI. Examination stress in the third group of volunteers is accompanied by activation of plasma hemostasis (increased initial thrombosis rate and reduced the time it starts, lag-period) in 26% of female students and 15% of male students. CONCLUSION: We suggest that it is possible to use the PES as a clinical model for studying the initial phase of the GAS, examine the role of excess of intestinal ET in the general blood circulation (endotoxin aggression) in the induction of systemic inflammation, which is very likely participated in the initiation of the GAS.

[Influence of physical loading on the content of intestinal microflora endotoxin in blood plasma and immunity indices to endotoxin]. / Vliianie fizicheskoi nagruzki na soderzhanie éndotoksina kishechnoi mikroflory v plazme krovi i pokazateli immuniteta k éndotoksinu.

The content of endotoxin of Gram-negative bacteria and humoral and granulocytic immunity indices to endotoxin in sportsmen and untrained persons before and after undergoing physical load were studied. The study revealed that prior to physical load the content of intestinal microflora endotoxin in the blood stream of volunteer students increased and the humoral immunity indices to endotoxin decreased. Judging by the content of cortisol in the blood, the state of stress increased after a physical load. In the groups with good adaptation a decreased endotoxin content in the blood stream was noted, especially 24 hours after load. On the contrary, in the groups with dysadaptation the content of endotoxin in blood plasma increased after a load and was accompanied by a decrease in antibody titers and in the reserve of leukocytes capable of binding endotoxin.

[Use of an aerodynamic foam quencher in the stab cultivation of mycelial fungi]. / Ispol'zovanie aérodinamicheskogo penogasitelia pri glubinnom kul'tivirovanii mitselial'nykh gribov.

A scheme for automatic impulse foam breaking during biosynthesis of cephalosporin C in 0.63 m3 pilot plant fermenters was developed and tested. It was shown that the use of an aerodynamic foam breaker did not limit the antibiotic biosynthesis by oxygen and promoted stabilization of the foam level in the apparatus without chemical antifoamers and increased air supply.

[Effects of endotoxin of gram-negative intestinal microflora on adaptation to physical exercise]. / Vliianie éndotoksina gramotritsatel'noi kishechnoi mikroflory na protsess adaptatsii k fizicheskoi nagruzke.

The study of plasm concentration of endotoxin (ET), activity of antiendotoxinic immunity (AEI) and early adaptation to exercise in 61 athletes and 13 students who were not athletes has revealed correlation between the former two and the latter parameters. ET was elevated in all the examinees prior to exercise. In exercise maladaptation both athletes and non-athletes demonstrated high ET levels in blood plasm and low AEI. It is suggested that ET may have a negative effect on exercise adaptation. Elevation of lipopolysaccharide concentration in systemic blood flow and depressed AEI may provoke acute maladaptation after exercise.

[Growth rate of antibiotic-producing gram-negative bacteria on liquid nutrient media]. / Izuchenie skorosti rosta gramotritsatel'nykh bakterii--produtsentov antibiotikov na zhidkikh pitatel'nykh sredakh.

Glycerol-yeast medium No. 3 may be used as a seed medium in screening of antibiotic-producing strains among Acetobacter, Gluconobacter, Chromobacterium, Agrobacterium, and other genera. The medium is transparent. It provides visual instrumental control of the growth rate of the seed material and estimation of biomass augmentation. The period of the exponential phase growth of the strains tested on medium No. 3 was 2-8 hours. When no growth on medium No. 3 is observed media Nos. 1 and 2 can be used as alternative seed media.