RESUMO
We examined 5 tularemia cases in Arizona, USA, during 2015-2017. All were caused by Francisella tularensis group A.II. Genetically similar isolates were found across large spatial and temporal distances, suggesting that group A.II strains are dispersed across long distances by wind and exhibit low replication rates in the environment.
Assuntos
Francisella tularensis/classificação , Francisella tularensis/genética , Tularemia/epidemiologia , Tularemia/microbiologia , Idoso , Arizona/epidemiologia , Feminino , Francisella tularensis/isolamento & purificação , Genoma Bacteriano , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Filogenia , Tularemia/história , Sequenciamento Completo do GenomaRESUMO
The hyper-virulent emm59 genotype of invasive group A Streptococcus was identified in northern Arizona in 2015. Eighteen isolates belonging to a genomic cluster grouped most closely with recently identified isolates in New Mexico. The continued transmission of emm59 in the southwestern United States poses a public health concern.
Assuntos
DNA Bacteriano/genética , Surtos de Doenças , Genoma Bacteriano , Filogenia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/epidemiologia , Streptococcus/patogenicidade , Adulto , Idoso , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Células Clonais , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Fatores de Risco , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Sudoeste dos Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecções Estreptocócicas/patologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/transmissão , Streptococcus/classificação , Streptococcus/genética , Streptococcus/isolamento & purificação , VirulênciaRESUMO
Individuals living in congregate settings, including those in group homes, have been disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 and may be at increased risk of exposure or infection due to underlying illness. In mid-May 2020, local public health officials responded to an outbreak of COVID-19 among staff and residents associated with a multi-residential group home that provides care for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Samples were collected at 16 of the homes. In four of the homes all the residents tested positive, and in the remaining 12 houses where samples were collected, all residents tested negative. Of the 152 individuals tested, 15/58 (25.9%) residents and 27/94 (28.7%) staff were positive for SARS-CoV-2, including eight hospitalizations and four deaths. Phylogenetic analysis of genomes from this outbreak in the context of genomes from Northern Arizona shows that very few mutations separate the samples from this outbreak. A potential transmission network was developed to illustrate person-place epidemiologic linkages and further demonstrates the dynamic connections between staff and residents with respect to each group home location. Epidemiologic and genomic evidence correlate, and suggest that asymptomatic infected staff likely introduced and spread COVID-19 in this setting. Implementation of public health prevention measures alongside rapid genomic analysis can help guide policy development and guide management efforts to prevent and mitigate future outbreaks.