First Report of Fusarium temperatum Causing Seedling Blight and Stalk Rot on Maize in Spain.

In Europe, several diseases of maize (Zea mays L.) including seedling blight and stalk rot are caused by different Fusarium species, mainly Fusarium graminearum, F. verticillioides, F. subglutinans, and F. proliferatum (3). In recent years, these Fusarium spp. have received significant attention not only because of their impact on yield and grain quality, but also for their association with mycotoxin contamination of maize kernels (1,4). From October 2011 to October 2012, surveys were conducted in a maize plantation located in Galicia (northwest Spain). In each sampling, 100 kernels and 10 maize stalks were collected from plants exhibiting symptoms of ear and stalk rot. Dried kernels and small stalk pieces (1 to 2 cm near the nodes) were placed onto potato dextrose agar medium and incubated in the dark for 7 days. Fungal colonies displaying morphological characteristics of Fusarium spp. (2) were subcultured as single conidia onto SNA (Spezieller Nahrstoffarmer agar) (2) and identified by morphological characteristics, as well as by DNA sequence analysis. A large number of Fusarium species (F. verticillioides, F. subglutinans, F. graminearum, and F. avenaceum) (1,2) were identified. These Fusarium species often cause ear and stalk rot on maize. In addition, a new species, F. temperatum, recently described in Belgium (3), was also identified. F. temperatum is within the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex and is morphologically and phylogenetically closely related to F. subglutinans (2,3). Similar to previous studies (3), our isolates were characterized based on the presence of white cottony mycelium, becoming pinkish white. Conidiophores were erect, branched, and terminating in 1 to 3 phialides. Microconidia were abundant, hyaline, 0 to 2 septa; ellipsoidal to oval, produced singly or in false heads, and on monophialides, intercalary phialides, and polyphialides. Microconidia were not produced in chains. No chlamydospores were observed (3). Macroconidia in carnation leaf agar medium (2) were hyaline, 3 to 6 septate, mostly 4, falcate, with a distinct foot-like basal cell (2,3). DNA was amplified with primers ITS1/ITS4 and EF1/EF2 (3). Partial sequences of gene EF-1α showed 100% homology with F. temperatum (3) (GenBank Accession Nos. HM067687 and HM067688). DNA sequences of EF-1α gene and ITS region obtained were deposited in GenBank (KC179824, KC179825, KC179826, and KC179827). Pathogenicity of one representative isolate was confirmed using a soil inoculation method adapted from Scauflaire et al., 2012 (4). F. temperatum isolate was cultured on sterile wheat grains. Colonized wheat grains (10 g) were mixed with sterilized sand in 10 cm diameter pots. Ten kernels per pot were surface disinfected in 2% sodium hypochlorite for 10 min, rinsed with sterilized water, drained (4), placed on the soil surface, and covered with a 2 cm layer of sterilized sand. Five pots were inoculated and five uninoculated controls were included. Pots were maintained at 22 to 24°C and 80% humidity for 30 days. Seedling malformations, chlorosis, shoot reduction, and stalk rot were observed on maize growing in inoculated soil and not from controls. F. temperatum was reisolated from the inoculated seedlings but not from the controls. References: (1) B. J. Bush et al. Phytopathology 94:88, 2003. (2) J. F. Leslie et al. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual, page 388. Blackwell Publishing, 2006. (3) J. Scauflaire et al. Mycologia 103:586, 2011. (4) J. Scauflaire et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 133:911, 2012.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: a multicentre study by the Oncologic Group for the Study of Lung Cancer (Spanish Radiation Oncology Society).

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S): Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has become the standard of care for patients with medically inoperable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and for patients who refuse surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of primary SBRT in patients with early-stage NSCLC. MATERIALS/METHODS: Retrospective multicenter study of 397 patients (416 primary lung tumours) treated with SBRT at 18 centres in Spain. 83.2% were men. The median age was 74.4 years. In 94.4% of cases, the tumour was inoperable. The pathological report was available in 54.6% of cases. SPSS vs 22.0. was used to perform all statistical analyses. RESULTS: Complete response was obtained in 53.6% of cases. Significant prognostic factors were standard CT planning (p = 0.014) and 4D cone beam CT (p = 0.000). Acute and chronic toxicity ≥ grade 3 was observed in 1.2% of cases. At a median follow-up of 30 months, local relapse was 9.6%, lymph node relapse 12.8%, distant metastasis 16.6%, and another lung tumour 11.5%. Complete response was the only significant prognostic factor for local relapse (p = 0.012) and distant metastasis (p = 0.001). The local relapse-free survival was 88.7%. The overall survival was 75.7%. The cancer-specific survival was 92.7%. The disease-free survival was 78.7%. CONCLUSION: SBRT is an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for patients with early-stage lung cancer who are not suitable for surgery. The most important prognostic factor for local and distant recurrence was complete response, which in our sample depended on the type of CT planning and the IGRT technique.

Spanish Validation of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF): Prevalence and Relationship with Online Gambling and Quality of Life.

Online gaming is a very common form of leisure among adolescents and young people, although its excessive and/or compulsive use is associated with psychological impairments in a minority of gamers. The latest (fifth) edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5, Section III) tentatively introduced Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD). Since then, a number of evaluation tools using the DSM-5 criteria have been developed, including the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF). The main objective of this study was to translate and adapt the IGDS9-SF into Spanish, as well as to obtain indicators relating to its validity and reliability. The Spanish version of four scales were administered: IGDS9-SF, Mobile Phone-Related Experiences Questionnaire (CERM), Online Gambling Disorder Questionnaire (OGD-Q), and KIDSCREEN-27. The sample comprised 535 Vocational Training students (mean age 18.35 years; SD±2.13; 78.5% males) who reported playing video games in the past 12 months. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded a one-dimensional model with a good fit while the reliability indicators were satisfactory. Findings indicated that 1.9% of gamers were classified with IGD (meeting five or more criteria for more than 12 months). Additionally, another 1.9% were considered gamers 'at-risk' because they endorsed four criteria. Positive and significant relationships were found between the IGDS9-SF, the CERM, and the OGD-Q. Participants classified with IGD had poorer health-related quality of life. In conclusion, the Spanish IGDS9-SF is a valid and reliable instrument to assess IGD according to the DSM-5.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: a multicentre study by the Oncologic Group for the Study of Lung Cancer (Spanish Radiation Oncology Society)

Purpose/objective(s)Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has become the standard of care for patients with medically inoperable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and for patients who refuse surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of primary SBRT in patients with early-stage NSCLC.Materials/methodsRetrospective multicenter study of 397 patients (416 primary lung tumours) treated with SBRT at 18 centres in Spain. 83.2% were men. The median age was 74.4 years. In 94.4% of cases, the tumour was inoperable. The pathological report was available in 54.6% of cases. SPSS vs 22.0. was used to perform all statistical analyses.ResultsComplete response was obtained in 53.6% of cases. Significant prognostic factors were standard CT planning (p = 0.014) and 4D cone beam CT (p = 0.000). Acute and chronic toxicity ≥ grade 3 was observed in 1.2% of cases. At a median follow-up of 30 months, local relapse was 9.6%, lymph node relapse 12.8%, distant metastasis 16.6%, and another lung tumour 11.5%. Complete response was the only significant prognostic factor for local relapse (p = 0.012) and distant metastasis (p = 0.001). The local relapse-free survival was 88.7%. The overall survival was 75.7%. The cancer-specific survival was 92.7%. The disease-free survival was 78.7%.ConclusionSBRT is an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for patients with early-stage lung cancer who are not suitable for surgery. The most important prognostic factor for local and distant recurrence was complete response, which in our sample depended on the type of CT planning and the IGRT technique.

Self-assembly of heterogeneous supramolecular structures with uniaxial anisotropy.

Uniaxial anisotropy in two-dimensional self-assembled supramolecular structures is achieved by the coadsorption of two different linear molecules with complementary amine and imide functionalization. The two-dimensional monolayer is defined by a one-dimensional stack of binary chains, which can be forced to line up along steps in vicinal surfaces. The competing driving forces in the self-organization process are discussed in light of the structures observed during single molecule adsorption and coadsorption on flat and vicinal surfaces and the corresponding theoretical calculations.

[Long-term evolution of a patient diagnosed of small lung cancer with extension to the central nervous system]. / Larga evolución de un paciente diagnosticado de cáncer microcítico de pulmón con afectación del sistema nervioso central.

Cell lung cancer is the principal cause of cancer death in men and women. We report the case of a man diagnosed with small cell lung cancer, metastatic from the outset. The disease is stable at present, forty-seven months from dia-gnosis, after receiving different treatment modalities.

[Breath-holding spell or epileptic seizure? A description of three girls with epileptic seizures triggered by anoxia]. / ¿Espasmo del sollozo prolongado o crisis epiléptica?: descripción de tres niñas con crisis epilépticas desencadenadas por anoxia.

TITLE: ¿Espasmo del sollozo prolongado o crisis epiléptica?: descripción de tres niñas con crisis epilépticas desencadenadas por anoxia.

Tendinitis del tendón largo del cuello: un imitador inusual del ictus isquémico / Longus colli tendinitis: An unusual stroke mimic

No disponible

Larga evolución de un paciente diagnosticado de cáncer microcítico de pulmón con afectación del sistema nervioso central / Long-term evolution of a patient diagnosed of small lung cancer with extension to the central nervous system

El cáncer de pulmón es la principal causa de muerte por cáncer en hombres y mujeres. Presentamos el caso de un varón diagnosticado de un carcinoma microcítico de pulmón metastásico desde el inicio, con enfermedad estable en la actualidad, cuarenta y siete meses después del diagnóstico, tras recibir diferentes modalidades de tratamiento (AU)

Cell lung cancer is the principal cause of cancer death in men and women. We report the case of a man diagnosed with small cell lung cancer, metastatic from the outset. The disease is stable at present, fortyseven months from diagnosis, after receiving different treatment modalities (AU)

A possible cause of multiple intramuscular masses: Mazabraud's syndrome (2007: 11b).

Mazabraud's syndrome is the association of fibrous bone dysplasia and myxomas in soft tissues. We present a new case of this condition in a 52-year-old female patient who presented with pain in the epigastric region. As an incidental finding an abdominal CT showed multiple hypodense intramuscular masses in the upper third of her left thigh associated with a bone lesion in the left femur and left ischiopubic ramus. A plain X-ray showed bone damage in those two bones with a ground-glass pattern and gross trabeculation, consistent with fibrous bone dysplasia. The MRI showed multiple intramuscular masses hypointense in T1-weighted images and hyperintense in T2-weighted images with contrast peripheral enhancement after administering an intravenous contrast agent, with the exception of one of the masses, which showed central enhancement, suggesting multiple myxomas. Very few conditions exist that present as multiple intramuscular masses. The association of multiple intramuscular myxomas and fibrous bone dysplasia should raise suspicion of the presence of this syndrome, and allows for the follow-up of lesions, preventing unnecessary biopsies. The objective of this report is to describe a new case.

Electronic structure of C60 on Au(887).

We present an analysis of the electronic structure of C60 adsorbed on a vicinal Au(111) surface at different fullerene coverages using photoemission, x-ray absorption, and scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STS). STS provides a straightforward determination of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels with respect to the Fermi energy. At C60 coverages of 0.5 and 1 ML a 2.7 eV wide HOMO-LUMO gap is found. The near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectrum for the 0.5 ML C60 nanomesh structure displays a significant intensity at the low energy side of the LUMO exciton peak, which is explained as due to absorption into HOMO-LUMO gap states localized at individual C60 cluster edges. From 0.5 to 1 ML we observe a rigid shift of the HOMO-LUMO peaks in the STS spectra and an almost complete quenching of the gap states feature in NEXAFS.

Método sencillo a realizar por el paciente en su domicilio para el diagnóstico de peritonitis / No disponible

No disponible

Scattering of surface states at step edges in nanostripe arrays.

Surface states of noble metal surfaces split into Ag-like and Cu-like subbands in stepped Ag/Cu nanostripe arrays. The latter self-assemble by depositing Ag on vicinal Cu(111). Ag-like states scatter at nude step edges in Ag stripes, leading to umklapp bands, quantum size effects, and peak broadening. By contrast, Ag stripe boundaries become transparent to Cu-like states, which display band dispersion as in flat Cu(111). We find a linear relationship between the quantum size shift and peak broadening that applies in a variety of stepped systems, revealing the complex nature of step barrier potentials.

Gestión de residuos en diálisis peritoneal: presente y futuro / Waste management in peritoneal dialysis: present and future

El impacto medioambiental de los residuos es motivo de preocupación en nuestra comunidad. Hemos estudiado a 26 pacientes en tratamiento con Diálisis Peritoneal con el fi n de conocer el comportamiento de éstos con respecto a los residuos generados en la realización de su tratamiento y su interés en colaboraren proyectos de mejora en este campo en el futuro, así como posibles estrategias para conseguirlo. Se elaboró un cuestionario para obtener la información necesaria y se cumplimentó mediante entrevista personal, voluntaria y confidencial. El comportamiento de los pacientes con respecto a los residuos ha sido calificado de correcto a tenor de los resultados obtenidos, con la excepción dela recogida de los elementos punzantes (agujas),ya que el 46% (12) de los pacientes entrevistados los depositaba encapuchados en la bolsa de basura exclusiva para la recogida de residuos del tratamiento de Diálisis Peritoneal. La mayoría de los pacientes están dispuestos a colaborar en proyectos responsables con el tratamiento de residuos (AU)

The environmental impact of waste is a cause for concern in our community. We have studied 26 patients undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis in order to find out their behaviour with regard to the waste generated in carrying out their treatment and their interest in collaborating in projects for improving this area in the future, as well as possible strategies to achieve this. A questionnaire was drawn up to obtain the necessary information and was completed through a voluntary and confidential personal interview. The patients’ behaviour in relation to waste was considered correct on the basis of the results obtained, except for the collection of sharp object (needles),as 46% (12) of the patients interviewed placed the needles properly covered in the exclusive bag for the collection of waste from Peritoneal Dialysis treatment. Most of the patients are willing to collaborate in waste treatment projects (AU)

Ingenieros contra terremotos / Engineers against earthquakes

This article addresses the role of the engineer in Chile in the construction of earthquake proof buildings

Eficaz herramienta para la economía / Weather prediction, an efficient tool for the economy

Understanding the weather forecast can help prepare a region against droughts and floods. This article focuses on weather related disasters in Chile, addressing the necessity of planning, especially as it relates to the distribution of foods

Contribución universitaria al estudio de los fenómenos sísmicos chilenos / University contribution to the study seismic fenomenon in Chile

Los estudios que se realizan en la Universidad de Chile han estado desarrollandose principalmente en la zona central del pais, por la carencia de estaciones sismológicas e instrumental en todo el resto del territorio nacional

Estudio de lesiones hepáticas con imágenes de resonancia magnética potenciadas en T2: evaluación prospectiva comparando secuencias turbo eco del espín, turbo eco del espín con respiración sostenida y half-fourier turbo eco del espín (haste) / T2-weighted MR imaging of liver lesions: a prospective evaluation comparing turbo spin-echo, breath-hold turbo spin-echo and half-Fourier turbo spin-echo (HASTE) sequences

Objetivo: Comparar cuantitativa y cualitativamente las secuencias turbo eco del espín (TSE), TSE con respiración sostenida (TSERS) y 'half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin-echo' (HASTE) en los estudios hepáticos con secuencias potenciadas en T2.Material y métodos: Se evaluaron prospectivamente 89 lesiones hepáticas en 73 pacientes en un equipo de RM de 1 T usando secuencias TSE, TSERS y HASTE. Los parámetros cuantitativos comparados fueron: contraste lesión-hígado y contraste-ruido lesión-hígado. El análisis cualitativo se realizó por dos lectores en consenso valorando cuatro parámetros: artefactos respiratorios, definición de los contornos de las lesiónes, definición de los vasos intrahepáticos y calidad de las imágenes. Para comparar las variables cuantitativas se utilizó el análisis de la varianza para medidas repetidas y para las cualitativas la prueba no paramétrica de Friedman.Resultados: Cuantitativamente el contraste lesión-hígado fue similar en las secuencias TSE y TSERS [(2,45 ñ 1,44 frente a 2,6 ñ 1,66 ] y en ambas fue significativamente superior a la secuencia HASTE [(1,12 ñ 0,72 (p < 0,001)]. El parámetro contraste ruido lesión-hígado fue significativamente superior en la secuencia TSE [(62,60 ñ 46,40 frente a 40,22 ñ 25,35 frente a 50,90 ñ 32,10 (p < 0,001)] para TSE, TSERS y HASTE respectivamente.Cualitativamente la secuencia HASTE fue significativamente superior a las secuencias TSE y TSERS (p < 0,001) para la presencia de artefactos, contornos de la lesión y definición de vasos intrahepáticos. La calidad de las imágenes fue significativamente superior en la secuencia HASTE (p < 0,001). Conclusión: Cuantitativamente la secuencia TSE es superior a las secuencias TSERS y HASTE pero la secuencia HASTE carece de artefactos de movimiento y cualitativamente es significativamente superior a las secuencias TSE y TSERS, por lo que puede utilizarse para los estudios hepáticos en T2 (AU)