[Social integration of women operated for obstetric urogenital fistula]. / Intégration sociale des femmes opérées de fistule urogénitale obstétricale.

OBJECTIVE: To study the social integration of women supported in the urology department of the University Hospital of Point G for obstetric urogenital fistula. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Prospective study conducted over a period of 13 months from June 2008 to June 2009 in the Department of Urology at the University Hospital of Point G. The study included all patients who have been operated on at least twice for obstetric fistula genitourinary. Records of surgical, medical records and tracking sheets for each patient were the media database. RESULTS: Situation before treatment: before surgical treatment, 76.92% of patients were rejected by their spouses. The family attended the patient in 84.62% of cases. Situation after treatment: after treatment, 90.31% of women with fistula lived in the matrimonial home or family. The resumption of business activity was announced by 11.2% of patients. Among the women, 93.7% participated in housework. The number of patient intervention ranged from two to five. Healing (fistula closed and no sphincter dysfunction) was complete in 50% of cases. Among the women, 11.54% had sphincter dysfunction after closure of the fistula, which makes a total of fistula closed more than 61% after at least two attempts. CONCLUSION: The urogenital fistulas are not a fatal disease but is a real handicap for women who suffer to conduct a socio-cultural and economic mainstream. Generally excluded from the ongoing operations of the company, these women are more integrated after successful surgical treatment of the fistula.

[Issues inherent to the management of disorders of sex development in Point G Hospital]. / Problématique de la prise en charge des anomalies de la différenciation sexuelle dans le service d'urologie : CHU Point G.

Abnormal sexual development causes unconformity between gender identity and gender role. In countries with low socio-economic level, the optimal management is difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency, the genital anatomy appearance, the diagnostic and the surgical management of disorders of sex development (DSD) discovered during the adolescence. Between January 2005 and November 2006 (23 months), five patients with abnormal sexual development were identified in Point G Hospital. First-line testing included biology measurement and imaging. A surgical management was systematically offered. Median age was 19.5±11.8 years (6-31). All patients were initially assigned male. Sexual dimorphic with genital ambiguity was the first reason of consultation (three children to five). One patient had male breast development and one had pelvic pain. All clinical evaluation suggested genital ambiguity. The diagnostic was female pseudohermaphrodism in three cases, true hermaphrodism in one case and hypogonadism for one patient. A masculinizing genital surgery was performed in three cases. The other patients refused the treatment or were out of sight. Intersex disorders are relatively rare in Mali with a prevalence of 2.30‰ in our hospital. This study highlighted the lack of financial means and local resources for optimal clinical management of individuals with DSD.

[Tuberculosis in the elderly: Epidemiology and outcomes of ambulatory followed-up in Abidjan]. / La tuberculose du sujet âgé : épidémiologie et devenir des patients suivis en ambulatoire à Abidjan.

BACKGROUND: Very few works approach elderly's tuberculosis (TB) in developing countries. The aim of this study is to present elderly's TB epidemiology and the outcomes of the ambulatory follow-up of the tuberculous patients aged more than 65years old (TBE) compared to the TB among patients less than 65years old (TBY). METHODS: Our study is retrospective covering period of January 1999 to June 2006 activities of Adjamé's antituberculous center. It is a comparative study between patients of at least 65 years and patients of less than 65years when the diagnosis of TB was made. RESULTS: Among 36,923 cases of TB, the proportion of TBE is 2.33%. In case of TBE, the sex-ratio is 2.16 versus 1.50 among TBY (P<0.001). Localization of TB is pulmonary in 61.70% among TBE versus 67.26% among TBY (P=0.058). Among elderly's TB, the osteoarticular localization is more frequent. TB-VIH co-infection prevalence is estimated to 9.05% among elderly's TB versus 44.38% among patients of less than 65 years (P<0.001). The therapeutic success rate within elderly patients is 52.16% years versus 61.42% when it was patients of less than 65 years. The proportion of lost at follow-up and the rate of patient transfers within the elderly's TB are the most raised. CONCLUSION: The elderly's TB is rare with a more masculine predominance. TB-VIH co-infection is not important among elderly's TB. The aged patient follow-up must be improved.

[Community acute bacterial pneumonitis of the subject age in pulmonology at the Point-g hospital and university center, Bamako-Mali]. / La pneumopathie aigue bacterienne communautaire du sujet age en pneumologie au centre hospitalier et universitaire du Point-g, Bamako-Mali.

INTRODUCTION: Community-acquired acute bacterial pneumonia (ABP) is an acute, non-suppurative, non-tuberculosis lower respiratory infection of the lung parenchyma acquired within the community. They have an atypical clinical presentation and a poor prognosis in the elderly. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in the Pneumology department of the University Hospital Center (CHU) of Point-G, from October 30, 2018 to September 30, 2019. The objective was to determine the clinical, etiological, therapeutic and progression of BAP in the elderly. Were included any age ≥ 65 years, presenting clinical and radiological signs of a PAB. RESULTS: During the study period, 85 patients met the inclusion criteria out of 178 hospitalized. The sex ratio was 3/1. About 2/3 were smokers and 11% were HIV positive. Fever was not constant recorded in 51.76% of cases. Respiratory signs were dominated by cough (96.47%), dyspnea (94.11%) and extra respiratory by impaired consciousness. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most found germ. The most commonly used antibiotic was amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. The average length of hospitalization was 9 days. Mortality was 19%. CONCLUSION: The PAB in the elderly is of a frustrating clinical symptomatology. It is serious with excess mortality.

INTRODUCTION: Les pneumopathies aiguës bactériennes (PAB) communautaires sont des infections respiratoires basses aiguës, non suppurées, non tuberculeuses du parenchyme pulmonaire acquises au sein de la communauté. Elles ont une présentation clinique atypique et un mauvais pronostic chez le sujet âgé. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES: Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale prospective menée au service de pneumologie du centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) du Point-G, du 30 Octobre 2018 au 30 Septembre 2019. L'objectif était de déterminer les particularités cliniques, étiologiques, thérapeutiques et évolutives de la PAB chez le sujet âgé. Ont été inclus tout âge ≥ 65 ans, présentant des signes cliniques et radiologiques d'une PAB. RÉSULTATS: Durant la période d'étude 85 patients répondaient aux critères d'inclusion sur 178 hospitalisés. Le sex-ratio était de 3/1. Environ 2/3 étaient tabagiques et 11% était positif au VIH. La fièvre n'était pas constante enregistrée dans 51,76% des cas. Les signes respiratoires étaient dominés par la toux (96, 47%), la dyspnée (94, 11%) et extra respiratoires par le trouble de la conscience. Le Klebsiellapneumoniae était le germe le plus retrouvé. L'antibiotique le plus utilisé était l'amoxicilline-acide clavulanique. La durée moyenne d'hospitalisation était de 9 jours. La mortalité était de 19%. CONCLUSION: La PAB chez le sujet âgé est d'une symptomatologie clinique frustre. Elle est grave avec une surmortalité.

[Epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary aspects of severe traumatic brain injury in the multipurpose intensive care unit of Gabriel Touré Teaching Hospital]. / Aspects epidemiologiques, cliniques et evolutifs des traumatises cranio-encephaliques graves au service de reanimation polyvalente du CHU Gabriel Toure.

Among traumas, cranial involvement occupies a special place due to their severity and the importance of the sequelae that they can cause. They are said to be serious when the Glasgow Scale (GCS) ≤ 8. The frequency of severe brain injury in the population in African studies ranges from 3.5 to 7. Mortality is, however, poorly known in developing countries, which led us to initiate this work, which aimed to study the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary aspects of severe traumatic brain injury in the multipurpose intensive care unit of Gabriel Touré University Hospital. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 24-month retrospective study, descriptive and analytical, including all severe traumatic brain injury patients hospitalized in the resuscitation department of Gabriel Touré University Hospital during this study period. RESULTS: During the periodof 1165 patients admitted to the service, 72 were hospitalized for severe cranio-encephalic trauma for a prevalence of 6%. The age group of 21 - 40 years was the majority with (23) or 44.4% and the average age was 30.93 ± 18.8 years with extremes of 8 months and 79 years.The male sex was predominant with (65) or 90.3%, and a sex ratio of 9.28. During our study, (57) or 79.2% of serious traumatic brain injuries were due to road accidents with motorcycle-motorcycle collisions as a mechanism in (20) or 27.8%. Shopkeepers, and students were the most affected social strata with respectively (22) or 30.6% and (20) or 27.8%. Patient transport was provided by non-medical ambulances for (31) or 43.1% and admission time was between 30 minutes and 6 hours in (16) or 22.2% of cases. (62) or 86.1% had GCS between 6-8 and bilateral mydriasis was present in (10) or 13.9% of patients. (9)or 12.5% of patients had hypotension (systolic blood pressure<90 mm Hg) on admission and average blood pressure<90 mmHg was observed in (32) or 44.4% of patients. (23) or 31.9% had a SPO2 <90%. Cranio-encephalic scanning was performed in 62 or 86.1% and discovered as lesions (25) or 34.9% hemorrhagic contusions followed by extradural hematomas (13) or 18.1%. (63) or 87.5%, patients were intubated-ventilated-sedated in addition to resuscitation. (28) or 38.9% of patients had undergone a surgical intervention with (9) or 12.5% having osmotherapy.The evolution was marked by death of (48) or 66.7%. CONCLUSION: Severe cranio-encephalic trauma represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The establishment of pre-hospital medicine will allow better care and reduction of mortality by early and continuous management of ACSOS and respiratory and / or hemodynamic distress, which are very often associated with severe TCE.

Parmi les traumatismes, les atteintes crâniennes occupent une place particulière du fait de leur gravité et de l'importance des séquelles qu'elles peuvent entraîner. Ils sont dits graves quand le score de Glasgow (GCS) ≤ 8. La fréquence des traumatismes crânio-encéphaliques (TCE) graves au sein de la population dans les études africaines varie entre 3,5 et 7. La mortalité est cependant mal connue dans les pays en voie de développement ce qui nous a conduit à initier ce travail qui avait pour objetd'étudier les aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques et évolution des traumatisés crâniens graves au service de réanimation polyvalente du centre hospitalier universitaire Gabriel Touré. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODE: Etude, descriptive et analytique à collecte rétrospective s'étant déroulée sur 24 mois, incluant tous les patients traumatisés crânio-encéphaliques graves hospitalisés dans le service de réanimation du centre hospitalier universitaire Gabriel Touré durant cette période d'étude. RÉSULTATS: Durant la période sur 1165 patients admis dans le service.72 ont été hospitalisés pour traumatisme crânio-encéphalique grave soit une prévalence de 6%. La tranche d'âge de 21 - 40 ans était majoritaire avec(32) soit 44,4% et l'âge moyen était de 30,93 ±18,8 ans avec des extrêmes de 8 mois et 79 ans. Le sexe masculin était prédominant avec (65) soit 90,3%, et un sex-ratio de 9,28. Durant notre étude (57) soit 79,2% des TCE graves étaient dus aux accidents de la voie publique avec comme mécanisme les collisions moto-moto dans (20) soit27,8%. Les commerçants, et les élèves et étudiants étaient les couches sociales les plus touchées avec respectivement(22) soit 30,6% et (20) soit 27,8%. Le transport était assuré par des ambulances non médicalisées à(31) soit 43,1% et le délai d'admission était compris entre 30 minutes et 6 heures dans (16) soit 22,2% des cas.(62) soit 86,1% avaient GCS entre 6-8 et une mydriase bilatérale était présente chez (10) soit 13,9 % des patients. (9) soit 12,5% des patients avaient présenté une hypotension (pression artérielle systolique< 90 mm Hg) à l'admission et une pression artérielle systolique ≤ 90 mm Hg avait été observée chez (32) soit 44,4% des patients. Durant notre (23) soit 31,9% avaient une SPO2 < 90%. Le scanner cranio-encéphalique a été réalisé chez (62) soit 86,1% et retrouvait comme lésions, les contusions hémorragiques (25) soit 34,9% suivis des hématomes extraduraux (13) soit 18,1%.(63) soit 87,5% des patients ontété intubés -ventilés-sédatés en plus à des mesures de réanimation. (28) soit 38,9% des patients avaient subi une intervention chirurgicale associée chez (9) soit 12,5% à une osmothérapie. L'évolution a été marquée par une létalité de (48) soit 66,7%. CONCLUSION: Les traumatismes crânio-encéphaliques graves représentent une cause majeure de morbi-mortalité. La mise en place d'une médecine préhospitalière permettra une meilleure prise en charge et la réduction de lamortalité.Par une prise en charge précoce et continue des ACSOS et des détressés respiratoires et/ou hémodynamiques qui sont très souvent associées au TCE grave.

[Spontaneous triple pregnancy on bicicatricial uterus in the referral health center of commune II of Bamako, Mali]. / Grossesse triple spontanee sur uterus bicicatriciel au centre de sante de reference de la commune II de Bamako, Mali.

The trimellar pregnancy on bicicatricial uterus is a rare situation. It can be associated with many maternal-fetal complications. Given these risks, some teams opt for an embryonic reduction. We report a case of spontaneous trimellar pregnancy on bicicatricial uterus. This was a 38 year-old patient, third pregnancy, second birth, 2 alive with a history of 2 caesareans. The evolution of the pregnancy was marked by a urinary tract infection at 34 weeks of gestation. The caesarean section performed at 36 weeks of gestation allowed the birth of 3 newborns, 2 of which were females in 2000 and 1900 grams, and one male weighing 2400 grams. The postpartum was marked by a rapidly resolved eclampsia crisis.

La survenue d'une grossesse triméllaire sur un utérus bicicatriciel est une situation rare. Elle peut être associée à de nombreuses complications materno-fœtales. Compte tenu de ces risques, certaines équipes optent pour une réduction embryonnaire. Nous rapportons un cas de grossesse triméllaire spontanée sur utérus bicicatriciel. Il s'agissait d'une patiente de 38 ans 3è geste, 2è pare avec 2 enfants vivants, ayant un antécédent de 2 césariennes. L'évolution de la grossesse a été marquée par une infection urinaire à 34 SA. La césarienne pratiquée à 36 SA a permit la naissance de 3 nouveaunés dont 2 de sexes féminins de 2000 et 1900g et un de sexe masculin pesant 2400g. Les suites de couches ont été marquées par une crise d'éclampsie rapidement résolue.

[Remarkable evolution of hepatic, pleural and pulmonary amoebiasis: a case report]. / Evolution spectaculaire d'une amibiase hépatique et pleuropulmonaire: à propos d'un cas.

Entamoeba histolytica, is a human pathogen which is endemic in tropical areas. The most common extra-intestinal locations for disease after the liver are pleural and pulmonary. Although the outcome of pleural and pulmonary amoebiasis is generally favourable, it is important to note that a significant proportion of patients do develop pleural and pulmonary after-effects. We report a case of pleural and pulmonary amoebiasis where the evolution of a massive pleural effusion and 3 associated liver abscesses was spectacular. The surgical management of pleural, pulmonary and liver amoebiasis is discussed.

[Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in a black African carceral area: Experience of Mali]. / Tuberculose multi-résistante (TB-MR) en milieu carcéral noir africain : expérience du Mali.

INTRODUCTION: Prison constitutes a risk factor for the emergence of multi-drug resistance of tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The aim of this work was to study MDR-TB in a black African carceral center. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study from January to December 2016 at the central house of arrest for men, Bamako. The study population was composed of tuberculous detainee. The suspicion of MDR-TB was done in any tuberculosis case remained positive in the second month of first-line treatment or in contact with an MDR-TB case. RESULT: Among 1622 detainee, 21 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were notified (1.29%), with an annual incidence of 13 cases/1000 detainee, they were 16 cases of SP-PTB (microscopy smear positive tuberculosis) and five cases of microscopy smear negative tuberculosis. The mean age was 28±7 years, extremes of 18 and 46 years. A negative association was found between the notion of smoking and occupation in the occurrence of tuberculosis (OR=0.036, [95% CI: 0.03-0.04], P=0.03. Among the 21 tuberculosis cases notified, one confirmed case of MDR-TB was detected (4.7%). In the first semester of 2016 cohort, we notified a cure rate of 87.5% (7/8 SP-PTB cases), and the confirmed MDR-TB case on treatment (21-month regimen), evolution enameled of pulmonary and hearing sequelae at seven months treatment. CONCLUSION: It was the first case of MDR-TB detected in a prison in Mali. Late diagnosis, evolution is enameled of sequelae and side effects.

[Respiratory diseases in black African carceral area]. / Pathologies respiratoires en milieu carcéral noir africain.

INTRODUCTION: The measures for people in specific situations such as prisoners are part of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The objective of this study was to assess respiratory pathologies in a black African carceral center. METHODS: Retrospective study about the prevalence of respiratory pathologies in the arrest central house for men in Bamako (Mali), from May 2012 to April 2013. The admission records have served as data checking support on detainee's records. Statistical significance was investigated by the SAS 9.3 software with a threshold of 5%. RESULTS: Of 2740 admissions, 207 concerned respiratory pathologies (7.5%). All men, were of mean age 30±13 years (range 19-71). The respiratory diseases found were: pneumonia (33.8%), chronic bronchitis (26.6%), acute respiratory infection (14%), asthma (13.5%) and tuberculosis (5.3%). A definite diagnosis was made in 42% of cases. A tobacco intoxication was found in all age groups (CI 95%, R-square=0.01), without significant difference between the occurrence of cough in smoking and non-smoking men. CONCLUSION: According to their relative frequencies, the management of respiratory diseases requires collaboration between carceral health facilities and pneumological specialized services.

La pneumopathie aigue bactérienne communautaire du sujet âge en pneumologie au centre hospitalier et universitaire du point-g, Bamako-mali / Community acute bacterial pneumonitis of the subject age in pulmonology at the Point-g hospital and university center, Bamako- Mali

Introduction : Les pneumopathies aiguës bactériennes (PAB) communautaires sont des infections respiratoires basses aiguës, non suppurées, non tuberculeuses du parenchyme pulmonaire acquises au sein de la communauté. Elles ont une présentation clinique atypique et un mauvais pronostic chez le sujet âgé. Matériels et Méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale prospective menée au service de pneumologie du centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) du Point-G, du 30 Octobre 2018 au 30 Septembre 2019. L'objectif était de déterminer les particularités cliniques, étiologiques, thérapeutiques et évolutives de la PAB chez le sujet âgé. Ont été inclus tout âge ≥ 65 ans, présentant des signes cliniques et radiologiques d'une PAB Résultats : Durant la période d'étude 85 patients répondaient aux critères d'inclusion sur 178 hospitalisés. Le sex-ratio était de 3/1. Environ 2/3 étaient tabagiques et 11% était positif au VIH. La fièvre n'était pas constante enregistrée dans 51,76% des cas. Les signes respiratoires étaient dominés par la toux (96, 47%), la dyspnée (94, 11%) et extra respiratoires par le trouble de la conscience. Le Klebsiellapneumoniae était le germe le plus retrouvé. L'antibiotique le plus utilisé était l'amoxicilline-acide clavulanique. La durée moyenne d'hospitalisation était de 9 jours. La mortalité était de 19%. Conclusion: La PAB chez le sujet âgé est d'une symptomatologie clinique frustre. Elle est grave avec une surmortalité

Introduction: Community-acquired acute bacterial pneumonia (ABP) is an acute, non-suppurative, non-tuberculosis lower respiratory infection of the lung parenchyma acquired within the community. They have an atypical clinical presentation and a poor prognosis in the elderly. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in the Pneumology department of the University Hospital Center (CHU) of Point-G, from October 30, 2018, to September 30, 2019. The objective was to determine the clinical, etiological, therapeutic and progression of BAP in the elderly. Were included any age ≥ 65 years, presenting clinical and radiological signs of a PAB. Results During the study period, 85 patients met the inclusion criteria out of 178 hospitalized. The sex ratio was 3/1. About 2/3 were smokers and 11% were HIV positive. Fever was not constant recorded in 51.76% of cases. Respiratory signs were dominated by cough (96.47%), dyspnea (94.11%) and extra respiratory by impaired consciousness. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most found germ. The most commonly used antibiotic was amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. The average length of hospitalization was 9 days. Mortality was 19%. Conclusion: The PAB in the elderly is of a frustrating clinical symptomatology. It is serious with excess mortality

[Some reflections on the classification of African obstetric fistulas]. / Quelques réflexions sur la classification de la fistule obstétricale africaine.

UNLABELLED: While the English-speaking world may have reached a consensus about Kees Waaldjik's classification of obstetric fistulas, no unanimity around this classification exists among French-speaking medical workers. The objective of this review is to propose a classification, based on long experience in the care of these women, by setting up a comparison with Waaldjik's. Our classification takes two criteria into account: (1) the environment of the fistula, that is: (a) fistula with a soft (relatively unscarred) vagina, b) fistula with vaginal sclerosis (bands or adhesions, vaginal stenosis or atresia), (c) vesicovaginal fistula associated with a (high or low) rectovaginal fistula or perineal lacerations (first, second or third degree); (2) the anatomical site of fistula, of which there are five types: (a) type I: fistula of the vesicovaginal wall, (b) type II: vesico-cervico-urethral fistula, with two major subgroups: type IIA (without destruction of the urethra) and type IIB (with destruction of the urethra), type IIA being subdivided in three subgroups: IIAa, IIAB and cIAI, (c) type III fistulae trigono-Neck utero-vaginal, (d) type IV: complex mixed fistula, (e) type V, high fistulas: the vesico-cervical-uterine fistula and classical vesicouterine. CONCLUSION: Our classification is simple, not simplistic, with some resemblance to that of Waaldjjik.

[Study of factors influencing clinical outcomes of obstetric urogenital fistula surgery at the Point G University Hospital of Bamako, Mali]. / Etude des facteurs influençant les resultats clinique de la chirurgie de la fistule uro-genitale obstetricale au CHU de l'Hopital du point G Bamako Mali.

The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing the clinical outcomes of surgery of obstetric urogenital genital fistula. This was a cross sectional study, which focused on factors influencing results in the treatment of urogenital fistula, from January 2011 to January 2012 at the urology department of the Point-G University Hospital. This study involved 115 patients suffering from urogenital fistula. Cure of urogenital fistula accounted for 17% of the bloc's activities. Closure of the fistula was achieved in 68.7% of cases. This result was influenced by certain factors. Including factors related to condition of the tissue peri-fistula (good trophic tissue, or fibrosis peri-fistula). Fistulas operated primarily peri-sinus tissue remodeling were closed in 71.42% of cases. Factors related to the patient and care: those carried out for the first time have a success rate of 68.42%, only 47.62% of success in patients who presented after five years. Factors related to clinicopathological seat: fistula vesicovaginal septum and cervical-vaginal urethrovaginal reported a success rate of 76.92%. Care-related factors include: the experience of the surgeon, surgeons of the urology service have a 76.19% success rate against 25% from other surgeons. The incision fistula was related to the clinicopathological seat, so the trigonal-vaginal fistulas and uretero addressed by the upper route have been successful in 85%. In addition to these factors the postoperative follow-up, the instruments, the suture thread, the operating table, and the lighting in the room have also improved the results.

Le but de cette étude était d'identifier les facteurs influençant les résultats cliniques de la chirurgie de la fistule uro- génitale obstétricale. Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale, qui a porté sur les facteurs influençant les résultats dans la prise en charge de fistule uro-génitale, allant du janvier 2011 au janvier 2012 au service d'urologie du CHU du Point-G. Cette étude a concerné 115 patientes souffrantes de fistule uro-génitale. La cure de la fistule uro-génitale a représenté 17 % des activités du bloc. La fermeture de la fistule a été obtenue dans 68,7% des cas. Ce résultat a été influencé par certains facteurs, dont les facteurs liés à l'état du tissu péri-fistuleux (bonne trophicité du tissu, ou fibrose péri-fistuleux). Les fistules opérées avant tout remaniement tissulaire péri-fistuleux ont été fermées dans 71,42 % des cas. Les facteurs liés à la patiente et aux soins : celles opérées pour la première fois ont un taux de réussite de 68,42 %, seulement 47,62 % de succès chez les patientes qui se sont présentées après cinq ans. Les facteurs liés au siège anatomo-clinique : les fistules de la cloison vésico-vaginale et cervico-urétro-vaginale ont occupé un taux de succès de 76,92 %. Les facteurs liés aux soins regroupent : l'expérience du chirurgien, les chirurgiens du service d'urologie contrairement aux autres chirurgiens ont 76,19 % de réussite contre 25%. La voie d'abord de la fistule était en rapport avec le siège anatomo-clinique, ainsi les fistules trigonales et urétéro-vaginales abordées par la voie haute ont été réussies dans 85 %. En plus de ces facteurs le suivi post-opératoire, les instruments, les fils de suture, la table opératoire, l'éclairage de la salle ont améliorée aussi les résultats.

Endomyocardial fibrosis masquerading as rheumatic mitral incompetence. A report of six surgical cases.

This report presents six cases (among 43 surgical cases) of left ventricular EMF presenting as pure mitral insufficiency without any echocardiographic or hemodynamic signs of left ventricular EMF (except apical diverticulum in two cases). Five of these cases were diagnosed at operation, and the sixth was diagnosed on the basis of a characteristic right ventricular angiogram. At operation a fibrotic lesion localized to the level of the anteropapillary muscle, with severe mitral insufficiency, was found. Five patients underwent successful mitral valve replacement and one a successful conservative mitral valve procedure. Postoperative angiograms, done in two patients, showed a normal contour of the left ventricle. A review of the literature did not reveal any previous descriptions of this type of limited left ventricular EMF, mimicking rheumatic mitral insufficiency. In our surgical experience, we have encountered three types of left ventricular EMF: obliterative, extensive, and limited. We emphasize EMF as a possible cause of mitral insufficiency in African children.

Endomyocardial fibrosis: early and late results of surgery in 20 patients.

Twenty patients with endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF), the largest series reported to date, were operated upon between June, 1978, and June, 1980. Eleven were male and nine female, ranging in age from 6 to 23 years (mean 13.3 years). There were seven cases of right ventricular (RVEMF), six of left ventricular (LVEMF), and seven cases of bilateral EMF. All patients underwent endocardiectomy and atrioventricular valve replacement with a xenograft. Four patients had an additional valvular annuloplasty. There were four postoperative deaths (all bilateral EMF): two from low cardiac output and one each from hepatic failure and cerebral malaria. There was one late death from serum hepatitis. The other patients had a relatively difficult postoperative course, but none of the 20 patients atrioventricular block. The longest follow-up of the 15 survivors is 28 months (mean 16.7 months). All patients are symptom free. Three take digitalis and/or diuretics. Ten have been recatheterized from 6 months to 1 year after operation. Intracardiac pressures, the ventricular cineangiogram, liver, and heart size returned to normal in patients with LVEMF; in RVEMF, despite clinical improvement, most of these parameters remained abnormal. Of special interest were (1) our recognitions of an early type of LVEMF and (2) our surgical preservation of a thin juxta-annular rim of fibrosis in the right ventricle to avoid atrioventricular block. Operation is indicated in all patients with LVEMF, despite greater risk. Early intervention is advised in RVEMF to avoid irreversible liver damage and cardiac enlargement.

Aneurysm of the pulmonary artery with cystic medial necrosis and massive pulmonary valvular insufficiency. Report of two successful surgical cases.

The authors report two cases of true aneurysms of the pulmonary artery (APA) associated with massive pulmonary valvular insufficiency. Both were associated with pulmonary artery hypertension and showed cystic medial necrosis at microscopic examination. One case had no associated defects while the other had a large ventricular septal defect and a small patent ductus arteriosus. Both were treated by aneurysmorrhaphy and a valvular procedure (valve replacement, valvuloplasty). The clinical results were excellent. Catheterization at 2 years showed no further aneurysm formation, no pulmonary hypertension, and mild pulmonary valve insufficiency in both patients. The literature concerning APA is reviewed and the etiology and the surgical treatment of APA discussed. A unique method of treating pulmonary valve insufficiency is reported.

Recent trends in the surgical treatment of endomyocardial fibrosis.

Several modifications of the traditional treatment of endomyocardial fibrosis have been made based on a personal experience of 51 surgical cases and on the reports of others in the surgical literature during the last decade. Description of these techniques and the author's current concept of the pathological processes are reported herein.

[Surgical treatment of interventricular communication with aortic insufficiency. Apropos of 5 cases]. / Le traitment chirurgical de la communication interventriculaire avec insuffisance aortique. A propos de 5 cas.

The results of surgery on five patients aged between 4 and 14 years old with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and aortic incompetence (AI) are reported. Four of the five patients had massive AI, the diastolic blood pressure being 0 in 3 cases. All patients underwent catheterisation and angiography. In 1 case, an aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva bulging into the infundibulum was detected. At operation, 3 infra-cristal, 1 supra cristal and 1 unclassified VSD were observed. Prolapse of the aortic cusps was present in three cases, and in two cases these lesions were complicated by infective endocarditis. Three patients were managed by a slightly modified version of Trusler's aortic valvuloplasty, and the two patients with endocarditis underwent aortic valve replacement. The VSD was closed by Dacron patch in 3 cases and directly in 2 cases. The immediate postoperative period was complicated in one case by haemorrage due to anticoagulant therapy causing tamponade and paraplegia. In the other four cases, there were no complications. The results of valvuloplasty were good with complete regression of the diastolic murmur. The medium-term results were good, with a maximum follow-up period of 21 months. One of the patients with an aortic valve prosthesis has minimal AI, probably due to a paravalvular leak. A number of points are discussed with respect to this small series of patients: anatomy, techniques, indications. The modified Trusler's valvuloplasty is recommended, even in cases of severe AI.

[Aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva. Characteristics apropos of 6 surgically treated cases]. / L'anévrysme du sinus de valsalva. Particularités à propos de 6 cas opérés.

The authors report 6 cases of aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva. Two cases only presented with the classical aspect of wind-sock ruptured in a cardiac chamber. In these two cases there were associated cardiac malformations. The others were not ruptured and had very peculiar features: heavy calcifications in 2 cases, association to a ventricular septal defect, aortic insufficiency and bacterial endocarditis in 1 case, septal extension with complete heart block and aortic insufficiency in 1 case, association to an annular sub-valvular mitral aneurysm of the left ventricle with mitral insufficiency in 1 case. All patients were operated with cardio-pulmonary by-pass: closure of the orifice of the aneurysm by a trans-aortic approach, aortic valvular replacement (2), aortic valvuloplasty (1), mitral valve replacement (1), left ventricular aneurysm closure (1), pacemaker insertion (1) were done. One patient died in the post-operative period (association with left ventricular aneurysm). The authors discuss different original aspects of these patients: surgical technique, various associations, calcifications, double aneurysm: ventricular and aortic.

[Congenital cardiopathies in a tropical environment. Study of 259 cases seen at Abidjan from 1969-1976]. / Cardiopathies congénitales en milieu tropical. Etude de 259 dossier vus à Abidjan de 1969 à 1976.

The authors report the study of 259 cases of congenital heart disease observed at Abidjan between 1969-1976. The average age of the patients was 7-8 years ranging from the newborn to 41 years. The principal malformations encountered in their order of frequency were: ventricular septal defect 38.6 p. 100, atrial septal defect 13.8 p. 100, Fallot's tetralogy 8.8 p. 100, pulmonary stenosis 8.1 100, patent ductus arteriosus 7.7 p. 100, atrioventricular canal 7.7 p. 100, transposition of the great arteries 3.8 p. 100, coarctation of the aorta 2.3 p. 100. There were associated malformations in 31 cases. 42 patients were catheterised at Abidjan, 28 were operated, 12 at Abidjan. These statistics are compared to those already reported of congenital heart disease in tropical and western countries. There is little difference in the distribution of the various cardiac malformations. Two congenital malformations appear to be less frequent in the Tropics: coarctation of the aorta and aortic stenosis.

[Total anomalous pulmonary venous return into the coronary sinus. Apropos of 1 case with a difficult diagnosis and surgical success]. / Retour veineux pulmonaire anormal total dans le sinus coronaire. A propos d'un cas de diagnostic difficile avec succès chirurgical.

The case of an 8 year-old boy with total anomalous pulmonary venous return into the coronary sinus is reported. The coronary malformation comprised a considerable dilatation of the coronary sinus which made diagnosis very difficult even at open heart. The surgical success was obtained by resecting the interatrial septum and partitioning the atrium. The anatomical diagnosis of this condition and the malformations with which it could be confused are discussed: TAPVR into the right atrium, cor triatriatum. The two parts of the coronary sinus, confluence of the cardiac veins and the left horn of the sinus venosus, are described.