Changes in Spinal Height After Manual Axial Traction or Side Lying: A Clinical Measure of Intervertebral Disc Hydration Using Stadiometry

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the immediate effects of a manual therapy technique consisting of axial traction compared with side lying on increased spine height after sustained loading. METHODS: Twenty-one asymptomatic participants were included. Participants either received manual therapy technique consisting of manual axial traction force for 2 consecutive rounds of 3 minutes or sustained side lying for 10 minutes. Spine height was measured using a commercially available stadiometer. Spinal height change was determined from measurements taken after loaded walking and measurements taken after manual therapy. A paired t test was performed to determine if a manual therapy technique consisting of axial traction increased spinal height after a period of spinal loading. RESULTS: A significant increase in height was found after both manual therapy technique and sustained side lying (P < .0001). The mean height gain was 8.60 mm using 3-dimensional axial separation. CONCLUSION: This study is an initial attempt at evaluating the biomechanical effects of manual therapy technique consisting of axial traction. Both manual axial traction force and sustained side-lying position were equally effective for short-term change in spine height after a loaded walking protocol among healthy asymptomatic individuals. This study protocol may help to inform future studies that evaluate spine height after loading.

Spinal height change in response to sustained and repetitive prone lumbar extension after a period of spinal unloading.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate if differences in spinal height changes in healthy individuals were observed after a period of spinal unloading using repetitive as compared with sustained lumbar extension exercises. METHODS: This study used a pretest, posttest, crossover design. Asymptomatic participants were recruited using convenience sampling. Thirty-two participants (15 male; 17 female) without back pain were included in the data analysis (mean, 24.4 years; range, 20-41 years). Participants performed sustained or repetitive prone lumbar extension exercises after 1 hour of sustained spinal unloading. Spinal height was measured using a stadiometer before and after the repetitive and sustained prone lumbar extension exercises. RESULTS: Paired t tests revealed no significant difference in spine height after repetitive (P = .774) or sustained (P = .545) prone lumbar extension after a period of spinal unloading. No significant difference between spinal height changes occurred between sustained (mean [SD], -0.28 [2.59] mm) and repetitive (mean [SD], -0.12 [2.42] mm) lumbar extension (P = .756). CONCLUSION: In this group of asymptomatic individuals, sustained and repetitive lumbar extension exercises did not appear to affect spinal height after a period of spinal unloading.

Changes in spinal height following sustained lumbar flexion and extension postures: a clinical measure of intervertebral disc hydration using stadiometry.

BACKGROUND: Decreased intervertebral disc height can result in diminished load carrying capacity of the spinal segment. Clinical means of assessing postures able to rehydrate the discs were investigated. OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were 3-fold: (1) to determine if our test protocol using a commercially available stadiometer demonstrated findings consistent with prior laboratory-based protocols; (2) to determine if hyperextension in the prone position and trunk flexion in the supine position caused increased spine height after sustained loading; and (3) to compare the effects of hyperextension in the prone position and trunk flexion in the supine position on spine height changes after a period of sustained loading. METHODS: This study used a pretest, posttest crossover design. Ten women and 11 men (mean age, 24 +/- 2.6 years) participated. Subjects held either 10 minutes of hyperextension in the prone position or 10 minutes of trunk flexion in the supine position in the recovery phase. Spine height was measured using a commercially available stadiometer. Spinal height change was determined from measurements taken after loaded sitting and measurements taken after hyperextension in the prone position and trunk flexion in the supine position. RESULTS: A 1-sample t test indicated no significant difference existed between our mean height change after 5 minutes of sitting and previously published validated findings. A paired t test indicated significant increase in height after both supine flexion and prone extension lying (P< .0001). The mean height gain was 3.11 mm using prone extension and 3.19 mm using the supine flexion protocol. A paired t test indicated no significant difference between these 2 recovery positions (P = .927). CONCLUSION: The stadiometer measurement protocol demonstrated that hyperextension in the prone position and trunk flexion in the supine position were easily effective positions for the temporary recovery of spine height after sustained loading. These findings lay the foundation for future research into the viscoelastic creep properties of the intervertebral disk under loading and therapeutic conditions.

Effectiveness of a Retention Program to Improve Performance During the First Semester of a Doctor of Physical Therapy Program.

BACKGROUND: To meet the expanding need for physical therapists universities are under increasing pressure to enroll, educate, and train physical therapists. Poor academic performance can result in student dismissal from a physical therapy program. The purpose of this study is to determine if implementation of a retention program would improve student academic performance in the foundational science curriculum in a physical therapy program. METHODS: A prospective observational cohort design was used. The retention program centered on three approaches: 1. Early identification of at-risk students. 2. Supplemental instruction in Human Anatomy. 3. Offering peer tutoring for the foundational science courses. RESULTS: A significant association existed between the implementation of the retention program and the reduction of dismissals from the Fall Semester of 2012 to the fall 2013 semesters. CONCLUSION: Implementation of a retention program had a beneficial effect on decreasing student dismissals in a physical therapy program.

Student perceived competence in direct access to physical therapy in a doctor of physical therapy program at a historically black university.

Physical therapists provide care via direct access in many states. Greater perceived competence with direct access among graduating physical therapists is critical. The purpose of this study was to assess student physical therapists' perceived competence with direct access.A survey instrument was created to determine levels of perceived competence at three phases of the physical therapy curriculum. The Friedman two-way ANOVA by ranks was used to assess differences between year one, year two, and year three responses for each individual survey question and the overall survey score.Total survey score demonstrated significant increased student perceived competence with direct access to physical therapy care direct access from year one total to year two (p = .018), year one to year three (p = .005), and year two to year three (p = .016).More favorable attitudes among graduating physical therapists may have an influence on primary care for musculoskeletal conditions.