Analysis of Methylome of Different Forms of Basal Cell Hyperplasia and Squamous Cell Metaplasia of Bronchial Epithelium.

Squamous cell lung cancer (SCLC) occurs as a result of dysregenerative changes in the bronchial epithelium: basal cell hyperplasia (BCH), squamous cell metaplasia (SM), and dysplasia. We previously suggested that combinations of precancerous changes detected in the small bronchi of patients with SCLC may reflect various "scenarios" of the precancerous process: isolated BCH→stopping at the stage of hyperplasia, BCH+SM→progression of hyperplasia into metaplasia, SM+dysplasia→progression of metaplasia into dysplasia. In this study, DNA methylome of various forms of precancerous changes in the bronchial epithelium of SCLC patients was analyzed using the genome-wide bisulfite sequencing. In BCH combined with SM, in contrast to isolated BCH, differentially methylated regions were identified in genes of the pathogenetically significant MET signaling pathway (RNMT, HPN). Differentially methylated regions affecting genes involved in inflammation regulation (IL-23, IL-23R, IL12B, IL12RB1, and FIS1) were detected in SM combined with dysplasia in comparison with SM combined with BCH. The revealed changes in DNA methylation may underlie various "scenarios" of the precancerous process in the bronchial epithelium.

Risk factors predicting cervical spine fracture on CT in craniocervical trauma - retrospective study.

INTRODUCTION: The study identifies risk factors predicting cervical spine fracture on CT based on information in the referral form. METHODS: All patients aged over 18 years with a CT scan of the head and cervical spine completed at the University Hospital Brno in the year 2019 to exclude any fresh trauma were included in the retrospective study. The analyzed potential risk factors included gender, age over 65 years, unconsciousness or impaired consciousness, mechanism of injury, paresthesia or plegia suspected to be associated with trauma, cervical spine pain, other neurological symptomatology, presence of cervical collar, presence of intracranial hemorrhage on head CT, and presence of skull fracture on head CT. RESULTS: In total, a cervical or upper thoracic spine fracture was described in 51 of 1177 patients (4.3%). Statistically significant risk factors for cervical spine fracture on CT scan were identified as mechanism of injury similar to car accident or jumping into water (OR 2.52; p=0.004), pain of the cervical spine (OR 1.81; p.

[Papillomatosis as a criteria for the formation of the group at risk of laryngeal cancer].

The objective of the present study was to determine the incidence of dysplastic pre-neoplastic alterations in the patients presenting with papillomatosis. The results of the clinical, endoscopic, and morphological examination of 42 patients presenting with laryngeal papillomas made it possible to diagnose grade II-III laryngeal cancer in 7 (16.7%) patients. Half of them exhibited pre-neoplastic changes in laryngeal mucosa. The following criteria for the formation of laryngeal cancer risk groups, besides grade II-III epithelial dysplasia, were identified: long (over 12 months) history of papillomatosis, human papilloma virus infection, the history of smoking over 20 years, professional contacts with petroleum, oil, and lubrication materials, and the male gender. An algorithm of observation and treatment for each group of patients differing in the degree of dysplastic changes in laryngeal mucosa was proposed. It is concluded that adequate clinical and endoscopic monitoring of the patients at risk of laryngeal cancer makes it possible to increase the frequency of detection of this condition at the early stages of its development.

[A relationship of squamous-cell metaplasia with the pattern of the course of a respiratory epithelial dysplastic process].

The morphological signs of squamous-cell metaplasia were revealed in 65 out of 193 patients with varying bronchial mucosal changes. A follow-up of the patients indicated that in the group of patients with epithelial dysplasia without squamous-cell metaplasia, the prognosis was good in 65.6% of cases. In the group of patients with epithelial dysplasia and squamous-cell metaplasia, the prognosis was poor in 86.2% of cases.

[Experience with new radiation methods for the diagnosis and treatment of retinal macular pathology].

The study of the informative value of new radiation methods for diagnosing macular pathology has demonstrated that introduction of techniques, such as angiography using indocyanine green and optical coherent tomography, makes it possible to increase the informative value of diagnosis, to define treatment policy, and to more clearly assess the time course of abnormal changes in different forms of abnormal macular changes. The precise definition of the site and sizes of the subretinal neovascular membrane facilitates the performance of laser therapy (focal laser coagulation and transpupillary thermotherapy) and enhances its efficiency.

[Clinical picture and features of the dynamics of vegetative crises in patients with neurotic disorders]. / Klinika i osobennosti dinamiki vegetativnykh krizov u bol'nykh s nevroticheskimi rasstroistvami.

The author studied 115 patients with principal clinical forms of neuroses and neurotic developments of personality, with the clinical picture characterized by vegetative crises. Using clinical follow-up examinations of patients and specially designed questionnaires, the characteristic features of the clinical picture and the time-course of vegetative crises were investigated. The findings showed the dependence of the crisis structure on the character of the main neurotic syndrome and the relationship between the structure of crises and permanent vegetative disorders in patients. The time-course and regularities of the manifestations of the major components of the crisis were studied in relation to the stage of neurotic disorders--neurosis and neurotic development of the personality.

[The psychopathological structure of paroxysmal psychoautonomic disturbances and its importance for the differential diagnosis and prognosis of different forms of neuroses and depressions]. / Psikhopatologicheskaia struktura paroksizmal'nykh psikhovegetativnykh rasstroistv i znachenie ee dlia differentsial'noi diagnostiki i prognoza razlichnykh form nevrozov i depressii.

The psychopathological structure of vegetative paroxysms was studied in different patterns of neuroses (120 cases), endogenous depressions and organic CNS lesions (160 cases). Four types of paroxysms were distinguished depending on the predominance of the definite register of disorders: (1) simple vegetative paroxysms (crises) with the predominance of the vegetative manifestations proper, characteristic for organic CNS lesions and somatogenic; (2) vegetoaffective paroxysms including the vegetative manifestations proper and psychopathological manifestations closely related to the patients' personality and the influence of external factors, characteristic for neurotic disorders; (3) affective-vegetative paroxysms (raptoid conditions) as a unified psychosomatic complex including the protopathic affect of fear, impairment of the general feeling and vegetative functional abnormalities characteristic for MDP and schizophrenia; (4) depersonalization raptuses based on the deranged self-consciousness in the form of different types of depersonalization characteristic primarily for schizophrenia.

[The dynamics of neurotic disorders with autonomic paroxysms]. / Dinamika nevroticheskikh rasstroistv s vegetativnymi paroksizmami.

Multi-dimensional investigation in the peculiarities, clinical course and possible mechanisms of neurotic disorders was performed in 115 patients. In order to study the further course of neurotic disorders and their determinants, as well as the issues of social rehabilitation and psychoprophylactic interferences, 56 patients were studied again after 6 to 8 years. For each of the symptom complexes investigated, the course had distinct features determined primarily by adaptation-compensatory capabilities of personality, and the "system of psychological defense". Most unfavorable was the course of hysterical disorders. Therapeutic policy in these patients should be grounded upon the psychotherapeutic measures aimed at finding the ways that would be psychologically adequate for changing the patients' attitudes and restoring their adaptation.

[Clinical features of acute phobias with somatovegetative disorders in neuroses and slowly progressive schizophrenia]. / Klinicheskie osobennosti ostrykh fobii s somatovegetativnymi rasstroistvami pri nevrozakh i maloprogredientnoi shizofrenii.

Comparison of the clinical characteristics of acute phobic states involving marked vegetosomatic disorders in schizophrenic and neurotic patients have shown that these conditions present two clinically different syndromes--true phobias of the neurotic genesis and vital depersonalization of the endogenic nature. Severity of vegetosomatic disorders is associated with the predominant impairment of the vital levels of psyche.

[The potentials of low-intensity laser radiation in treating precancerous diseases of the stomach]. / Vozmozhnosti nizkoénergeticheskogo lazernogo izlucheniia v lechenii predopukholevykh zabolevanii zheludka.

The beneficial effect of low-energy laser radiation on the natural course of disease, morphologic characteristics of gastric mucosa and key elements of systemic hemostasis was observed in 98 patients with precancer of the stomach (gastric ulcer and chronic atrophic-hyperplastic gastritis with epithelial dysplasia). A correlation between clinical response and normalization of morphologic appearance and homeostasis makes the above-mentioned treatment modality promising and worth further development.

[Intravenous blood laser irradiation in patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases and bronchial epithelial dysplasia]. / Vnutrivennaia lazernaia terapiia u bol'nykh HNZL s displaziei bronkhial'nogo épiteliia.

The study included patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases (CNLD) and a morphologically verified diagnosis of first-second degree bronchial epithelial dysplasia (BED). Forty-six patients underwent intravenous blood laser irradiation (IBLI) (a study group); 45 patients received routine anti-inflammatory therapy (a control group). After therapy in the study group, the clinical and endoscopic signs of an inflammatory process were eliminated in 80.4 and 78.2% of cases, respectively. With morphological monitoring, a full and partial regression of BED occurred in 63.1 and 17.4%, respectively. In the control group, clinical and endoscopic improvements were achieved in 53.3 and 52.0% of cases. Dysplastic changes could be arrested only in 8.9% of cases. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Thus, IBLI is a highly effective treatment of dysplastic bronchial epithelial changes in patients with CNLD as compared with the controls.

[Coagulation activity of the lacrimal fluid and the concentration of glucose in it as a criterion of diagnosis and prognosis of early-stage diabetic retinopathy]. / Koaguliatsionnaia aktivnost' sleznoi zhidkosti i kontsentratsiia v nei gliukozy kak kriterii diagnostiki i prognoza razvitiia rannikh stadii diabeticheskoi retinopatii.

Fifty patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DM) and with the disease record ranging from 6 months to 5 years and 30 virtually healthy persons were examined. The follow-up varied from 1.5 to 2 years. The obtained results were made use of to formulate the below diagnostic criterion: a simultaneous increase of the levels of the coagulation activity of the lachrymal fluid (LF) and of the glucose concentration in LF with at least one such phenomenon being registered in one eye and a total asymmetry of more than 0.75 are indicative of diabetic retinopathy or of the possibility it would develop. The mentioned diagnostic criterion can be applied for detecting the risk groups among the DM patients.

[Cytometric criteria of evaluation of bronchial epithelium dysplasia with various types of therapy]. / Tsitometricheskie kriterii otsenki displazii bronkhial'nogo épiteliia pri razlichnykh vidakh lecheniia.

Examinations of 111 patients with chronic non-specific pulmonary lesion revealed the dysplastic changes in the bronchial wall in 90 of them. 47 patients received the routine anti-inflammatory therapy course and another 43 patients underwent the endoscopic laser therapy. Cytometry, made before and after therapy, provided for an objective differentiation of signs in different-severity bronchial dysplasia. The application of endoscopic laser irradiation in the correction of pretumor changers in the bronchial tree was shown to be effective in 95.3% of cases, whereas the routine treatment turned out to be ineffective.