Lymphocyte subsets and soluble forms of MIC-A and MIC-B are prognostic factors in non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients.

MIC-A and MIC-B are the natural ligands for NKG2D, an activator receptor expressed in NK cells. Soluble isoforms of MIC-A and MIC-B (sMICA, sMICB) have been identified in different malignancies, affecting NK cells' cytotoxicity. The study was performed to determine the levels of sMICA, sMICB, the expression of MIC-A, and MIC-B on tumor tissues, and lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4 + , CD8 + , NK, NKT, Tγδ cells, B cells, monocytes) in 94 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and 72 healthy donors.The most frequent lymphoma was diffuse large B cell lymphoma (48%). Patients with NHL had decreased numbers of CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, B cells, monocytes, NK cells, type 1 dendritic cells, γδ T cells, and increased iNKT cells. Patients showed higher levels of sMIC-A and similar serum levels of sMIC-B.Survival was poorer in patients having higher LDH values and lower numbers of CD4 T cells, type 1 dendritic cells, gamma-delta T cells, and high levels of sMIC-A.In conclusion, high levels of sMIC and decreased numbers in circulating lymphocyte subsets are related to poor outcomes in NHL.

Soluble MIC-A, IPI, and response to treatment strongly predict survival in patients with germinal center diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most frequent lymphoma. MIC-A and MIC-B are the natural ligands for NKG2D, a receptor expressed in NK cells. MIC-A soluble isoforms (sMICA) have been described in different malignancies. OBJECTIVES: To analyze lymphocyte subsets and sMIC-A in germinal center DLBCL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: sMICA, sMICB, and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets (CD4+, CD8+, NK, NKT, γδ T cells, and dendritic cells) were analyzed in 59 patients and 60 healthy donors. RESULTS: Patients had decreased numbers of type 1 and type 2 dendritic cells, NK, iNKT, CD4 T, and CD8 T cells, and higher levels of sMIC-A. The 2-year PFS for high IPI scores and high sMIC-A was 24% and 28%, respectively. The 2-year OS for high IPI scores and high sMIC-A was 42% and 33%. The 2-year PFS and OS for patients not achieving response to treatment were 0% and 10%, respectively. The MICPI score (one point each for high IPI score and high sMIC-A) showed that those patients summing two points had worse PSF and OS. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with DLBCL have decreased numbers of peripheral lymphocyte subsets and high levels of sMIC-A. The addition of sMIC-A to IPI could improve its prognostic relevance.

Bone Remodeling and Bone Structural Genes in Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease: The OPG rs2073618 and IL-6 rs1800795 Are Associated with High Risk in Mexican Patients.

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) is an idiopathic avascular necrosis of the pediatric femoral head. Bone remodeling and bone structural genes have the potential to contribute to the progression of LCPD when there is disequilibrium between bone resorption and bone formation. A case-control study was performed to search for associations of several common polymorphisms in the genes Receptor Activator for Nuclear Factor κappa B (RANK), Receptor Activator for Nuclear Factor κappa B Ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), interleukin (IL)-6, and type 1 collagen (COL1A1) with LCPD susceptibility in Mexican children. A total of 23 children with LCPD and 46 healthy controls were genotyped for seven polymorphisms (rs3018362, rs12585014, rs2073618, rs1800795, rs1800796, rs1800012, and rs2586498) in the RANK, RANKL, OPG, IL-6, and COL1A1 genes by real-time polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan probes. The variant allele (C) of IL-6 rs1800795 was associated with increased risk of LCPD (odds ratio [OR]: 3.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.08-13.54], p = 0.033), adjusting data by body mass index (BMI) and coagulation factor V (FV), the association with increased risk remained (OR: 4.9, 95% CI: [1.14-21.04], p = 0.025). The OPG polymorphism rs2073618, specifically GC-GG carriers, was associated with a more than fourfold increased risk of developing LCPD (OR: 4.34, 95% CI: [1.04-18.12], p = 0.033) when data were adjusted by BMI-FV. There was no significant association between RANK rs3018362, RANKL rs12585014, IL-6 rs1800796, COL1A1 rs1800012, and rs2586498 polymorphisms and LCPD in a sample of Mexican children. The rs1800975 and rs2037618 polymorphisms in the IL-6 and OPG genes, respectively, are informative markers of increased risk of LCPD in Mexican children.

Hypothyroidism minimizes the effects of acute hepatic failure caused by endoplasmic reticulum stress and redox environment alterations in rats.

The aim of this study was to investigate if a protective effect from hypothyroidism in acute liver failure resulted from reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress and changes to the redox environment. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided in four groups: (1) euthyroid (sham surgery), (2) hypothyroid, (3) euthyroid (sham surgery)+thioacetamide and (4) hypothyroid+thioacetamide. Hypothyroidism was confirmed two weeks after thyroidectomy, and thioacetamide (TAA) (400mg/kg, ip) was administrated to the appropriate groups for three days with supportive therapy. Grades of encephalopathy in all animals were determined using behavioral tests. Animals were decapitated and their blood was obtained to assess liver function. The liver was dissected: the left lobe was used for histology and the right lobe was frozen for biochemical assays. Body weight, rectal temperature and T4 concentration were lower in hypothyroid groups. When measurements of oxidative stress markers, redox environment, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione-S-transferase were determined, we observed that hypothyroid animals with TAA compensated better with oxidative damage than euthyroid animals treated with TAA. Furthermore, we measured reduced expressions of GADD34, caspase-12 and GRP78 and subsequently less hypothyroidism-induced cellular damage in hypothyroid animals. We conclude that hypothyroidism protects against hepatic damage caused by TAA because it reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress and changes to the redox environment.

Whole-genome analyses reveals the animal origin of a rotavirus G4P[6] detected in a child with severe diarrhea.

Group A rotaviruses are a major cause of severe gastroenteritis in children worldwide. Currently, two rotavirus vaccines are being used in vaccination programs, and one of the factors involved in lower vaccine efficacy is the mismatch among the circulating strains and the vaccine strains. Thus, the emergence of animal strains in the human population could affect the efficacy of vaccination programs. Here we report the presence of a G4P[6] strain in a Paraguayan child presenting acute gastroenteritis in 2009. Genomic analyses revealed that the strain presents a porcine-like genome (G4-P[6]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T7-E1-H1), suggesting a direct animal-to-human transmission. Continuous surveillance of rotaviruses in humans and animals will help us to better understand rotavirus epidemiology and evolution.

Comparación de la eficacia de la diálisis entre dos sistemas de control de reinfusión en hemodiafiltración en línea / Comparison of the dialysis efficacy between two reinfusion control systems in online haemodiafiltration

La dosis de diálisis y volumen de reinfusión son elementos claves en los mejores resultados comunicados en la hemodiafiltración on-line. Avances tecnológicos permiten dos formas de control automatizado del volumen de reinfusión (una volumétrica y otra por presión), y dos métodos de medición del Kt obtenido por dialisancia iónica (OCM y Diascan). El propósito del presente estudio fue compararlos. Se diseña un estudio prospectivo cruzado sobre población prevalente en hemodiafiltración on-line posdilucional, con consentimiento expreso. Durante 2 semanas consecutivas se realizan tres sesiones con reinfusión automática según hematocrito y proteínas totales, y medición del Kt por OCM, y tres sesiones con reinfusión automática en función de la presión transmembrana y medición del Kt por Diascan. Se compara el valor promedio de volumen de reinfusión y Kt, contrastando las variables con la t-student para muestras relacionadas, estableciendo un valor de significación estadística p < 0,05. Dieciséis pacientes concluyen el estudio, 56% hombres, 58,8 años. Un 81,3% presentan fístula autóloga o protésica como acceso vascular. El volumen de reinfusión es significativamente mayor (p = 0,029) bajo control de presión (23,24 ± 2,55 l versus 21,81 ± 1,75 l) mientras que el Kt medido por OCM es significativamente (p < 0,001) mayor que con Diascan (59,94 ± 5,05 l versus 55,12 ± 4,15 l). Encontramos un incremento medio del volumen de reinfusión (6,2%) bajo control de presión, si bien ambos métodos obtienen buenos resultados en los litros de trasporte convectivo final. La dosis de diálisis administrada (Kt) es mayor utilizando OCM (AU)

The dose of dialysis and the volume of reinfusión are key elements in the best results communicated in the hemodiafiltration online. Technological advances allow two forms of automated control of reinfusion volume (a volume-based and a pressure-based control system), and two methods of measuring Kt obtained by ionic dialysance (OCM and Diascan). The purpose of this study was to compare both these control systems. We designed a prospective, crossover study of the prevalent population in post-dilution on-line hemodiafiltration, with explicit consent. For 2 consecutive weeks, three sessions were performed with automatic reinfusion according to hematocrit and total protein values and Kt measurement with OCM, and three sessions were performed with automatic reinfusion according to transmembrane pressure and Kt measurement with Diascan. The average reinfusion volume and Kt were compared. Variables were contrasted with Student’s t-test for related samples. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05. Sixteen patients concluded the study (56% men, with a mean age of 58.8 years). A total of 81.3% had autologous or prosthetic fistulas for vascular access. Reinfusion volume was significantly higher (p = 0.029) under pressure control (23.24 ± 2.55 lversus 21.81 ± 1.75 l) while Kt measured by OCM was significantly (p <0.001) higher than that measured by Diascan (59.94 ± 5.05 l versus 55.12 ± 4.15 l. We found a 6.2% increase in volume reinfusion under pressure control, although both methods performed well in the final convective transport liters. The dialysis dose (Kt) was higher when OCM was used (AU)

Pleurodesis con bleomicina en neumotorax espontaneo primario recidivamente: caso clínico / Pleurodesis with bleomicina in spontaneous chokes primary recidivante: clinical case

Presenta el caso de un paciente con neumotórax espontáneo primario con antecedentes de episodios anteriores. La concurrencia del neumotórax en un paciente militar joven, obliga al tratamiento con pleurodesis química a base de instalación de bleomicina en la inflamación severa de la misma y facilitar su sínfisis.

Tratamiento incruento y quirúrgico del metatarso aducto infantil: estudio retrospectivo / Surgical and blodless treatment of congenital aductus metatarsus: retrospective study

Expone que el metatarso congénito o metatarso varo, es una deformidad congénita que afecta la parte anterior del pie en relación al medio y al retropie. Consiste en una subluxación interna de las articulaciones tarsometatarsianas con deformidad en aducción e inversión de los cinco metatarsianos, encontrándose el retropie en valgo leve o neutral. El empleo de un término con referencia al otro es asunto de semántica el purista puede diferenciar entre los dos estableciendo que en el metatarso aducto de semántica el purista puede diferenciar entre los dos estableciendo que en el metatarso aducto no hay supinación de la parte anterior del pie y que en la deformación vara hay supinación.