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1.
Cardiol Young ; 34(1): 151-156, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37272541

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The diagnosis of Duchenne-linked cardiomyopathy may be challenging. Conventional echocardiographic measurements typically show deterioration beyond the second decade. Global longitudinal strain has been proposed as an earlier marker than left ventricular ejection fraction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, observational, cross-sectional, case-control study was carried out. Both Duchenne patients and control subjects underwent transthoracic echocardiogram in order to assess left ventricle function. Bayesian linear regression was the main tool for inference. Age effects were parameterised by means of a spline function because of its simplicity to characterise continuous variables and smooth contributions. The posterior distribution of the marginal age effects was used to assess the earliest age of deterioration of each marker. RESULTS: Sixteen Duchenne patients and twenty-two healthy male subjects were enrolled. On overage, cardiac function measures were found for ejection fraction and longitudinal strain among different groups. Age effects on global longitudinal strain are more reliably found at ages of 6 and above, while ejection fraction starts to deteriorate at an older age. Progressive left ventricular dysfunction in Duchenne patients is one of the key issues and starts at an early age with subtle symptoms. CONCLUSION: This cross-sectional study provides supporting evidence that global longitudinal strain is an earlier marker of disease progression than ejection fraction in Duchenne patients.


Assuntos
Cardiomiopatias , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda , Humanos , Masculino , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Estudos Transversais , Volume Sistólico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Prospectivos , Teorema de Bayes , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/complicações , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/diagnóstico , Ecocardiografia , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico por imagem , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/etiologia , Cardiomiopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiomiopatias/etiologia
2.
Cardiol Young ; 26(5): 983-6, 2016 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26838960

RESUMO

Although extrarenal manifestations of haemolytic-uraemic syndrome are not frequent, myocardial dysfunction should be given special consideration because of the importance of proper early haemodynamic management and potential complications. We report the case of a 21-month-old child with haemolytic-uraemic syndrome who developed clinical signs of poor myocardial function with depressed myocardial function noted by bedside echocardiography and significant elevation of biomarkers. Early intervention and supportive treatment for the patient were crucial during the acute phase of cardiac failure, and repeated monitoring of biomarkers and ecocardiography were useful diagnostic tools that provided relevant information throughout the patient's evolution.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores/sangue , Cardiomiopatias/complicações , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urêmica/diagnóstico por imagem , Ecocardiografia , Eletrocardiografia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Sistemas Automatizados de Assistência Junto ao Leito
3.
Genes (Basel) ; 15(5)2024 05 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38790267

RESUMO

Brugada syndrome is a rare arrhythmogenic syndrome associated mainly with pathogenic variants in the SCN5A gene. Right ventricle outflow tract fibrosis has been reported in some cases of patients diagnosed with Brugada syndrome. Pulmonary atresia with an intact ventricular septum is characterized by the lack of a functional pulmonary valve, due to the underdevelopment of the right ventricle outflow tract. We report, for the first time, a 4-year-old boy with pulmonary atresia with an intact ventricular septum who harbored a pathogenic de novo variant in SCN5A, and the ajmaline test unmasked a type-1 Brugada pattern. We suggest that deleterious variants in the SCN5A gene could be implicated in pulmonary atresia with an intact ventricular septum embryogenesis, leading to overlapping phenotypes.


Assuntos
Síndrome de Brugada , Canal de Sódio Disparado por Voltagem NAV1.5 , Atresia Pulmonar , Humanos , Atresia Pulmonar/genética , Atresia Pulmonar/patologia , Masculino , Síndrome de Brugada/genética , Síndrome de Brugada/patologia , Pré-Escolar , Canal de Sódio Disparado por Voltagem NAV1.5/genética , Cardiopatias Congênitas/genética , Cardiopatias Congênitas/patologia , Septo Interventricular/patologia
4.
J Perinatol ; 2024 Apr 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38664495

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether early echocardiography screening of low systemic blood flow reduces intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective multicenter study in preterm infants below 33 weeks of gestational age at nine neonatal units. Five units performed early echocardiography screening for low systemic blood flow and guided clinical management (exposure group) and 4 units did not (control group). Our main outcome was ≥grade II intraventricular hemorrhage or death within the first 7 days of life. The main analysis used the inverse probability of treatment weighting. RESULTS: Three hundred and thirty-two preterm infants (131 in the exposure group and 201 in the control group) were included. Exposure to early echocardiography screening was associated with a significant reduction in ≥grade II intraventricular hemorrhage or early death [odds ratio 0.285 (95% CI: 0.133-0.611); p = 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: Early echocardiography screening for low systemic blood flow may reduce the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants.

5.
Egypt Heart J ; 75(1): 10, 2023 Feb 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36757528

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is still a major concern in preterm infants and adequate screening methods for secondary right ventricle (RV) failure are needed. Early detection could be aided by taking measurements of RV deformation using speckle tracking echocardiography. A prospective longitudinal study was carried out over 28 months at a tertiary care pediatric cardiology center. Preterm infants < 32 weeks gestational age (GA) were eligible for the study. Enrolled patients were separated in two groups: NO-BPD or BPD. At three timepoints over the first year of life, echocardiogram measurements were performed. Right ventricle strain was studied using speckle tracking analysis and compared to conventional function parameters. RESULTS: Fifty patients were enrolled in the study, 22 in the NO-BPD group and 28 in the BPD group. RV strain showed no statistical differences between groups. However, the BPD group showed worse RV function than the NO-BPD group, using speckle tracking analysis and other conventional parameters. During the study follow-up, an improvement trend is shown in RV strain. CONCLUSIONS: RV longitudinal strain and strain rate derived by speckle tracking is feasible in preterm infants. Although there seems to be a good correlation between RV strain and BPD severity, the results of this study were not conclusive. More studies should be carried out to investigate the optimum echocardiographic screening model of RV dysfunction in BPD patients.

6.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex ; 79(5): 334-339, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36264896

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Atrial flutter is a rare condition in pediatrics that usually occurs as a late complication after surgery for congenital heart diseases, although it can also appear in structurally normal hearts. CLINICAL CASES: We conducted a retrospective study of cases of atrial flutter with no structural heart disease diagnosed in a pediatric population (between 0 and 15 years of age) during 2015-2021 in a tertiary hospital. A total of seven cases were diagnosed, with a clear predominance of males (6/7). Of the seven patients, five debuted in the perinatal period: two were diagnosed at 20 and 36 hours of life, and three, prenatally. Among these perinatal cases, more than half (3/5) were preterm. The treatment was electrical cardioversion. The evolution was satisfactory in these cases, and there were no tachycardias in their subsequent development. In contrast, when the debut occurred at a later age (5-7 years), it was associated with channelopathy (Brugada syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia), and electrical ablation of the ectopic focus was required due to poor response to pharmacological treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the low incidence of this pathology in pediatrics and the benignity and good prognosis of neonatal flutter in most cases. The prognosis worsens when atrial flutter is diagnosed in older children, and the probability of concomitant associated heart disease increases.


INTRODUCCIÓN: El flutter o aleteo auricular es una patología poco frecuente en pediatría que suele presentarse como complicación tardía tras la cirugía de cardiopatías congénitas, aunque también puede aparecer en corazones estructuralmente normales. CASOS CLÍNICOS: Se llevó a cabo un estudio retrospectivo de los casos de flutter auricular sin cardiopatía estructural diagnosticados en una población pediátrica (entre 0 y 15 años de edad) durante el periodo 2015-2021 en un hospital terciario. En total fueron diagnosticados siete casos, con un claro predominio de varones (6/7). De los siete, cinco debutaron en periodo perinatal: dos fueron diagnosticados a las 20 y 36 horas de vida y tres de ellos, prenatalmente. Entre estos casos perinatales, más de la mitad (3/5) fueron pretérmino. El tratamiento fue la cardioversión eléctrica. La evolución fue satisfactoria en estos casos, y no se presentaron taquicardias en su evolución posterior. Por el contrario, cuando el debut se produjo en edades posteriores (5-7 años), se asoció con canalopatía (síndrome de Brugada y taquicardia ventricular polimorfa catecolaminérgica) que requirió de una ablación eléctrica del foco ectópico por escasa respuesta al tratamiento farmacológico. CONCLUSIONES: En este trabajo se confirma la baja incidencia de esta patología en pediatría, además de la benignidad y el buen pronóstico de flutter neonatal en la mayoría de casos. Cuando el diagnóstico se realiza en niños mayores, el pronóstico empeora, y aumenta la probabilidad de presentar de forma concomitante cardiopatías asociadas.


Assuntos
Flutter Atrial , Masculino , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Feminino , Criança , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Flutter Atrial/epidemiologia , Flutter Atrial/terapia , Flutter Atrial/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Antiarrítmicos/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Hospitais
7.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 96(4): 342-348, 2022 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35440423

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Fetal pericardial effusion appears in different pathologies such as hydrops fetalis, heart structural or rhythm alterations, however, it can be observed in isolation but an increase in its incidence has been observed in relation to the presence of severe pathologies. METHODS: Analysis of all cases of IFPE detected in Aragon and assessed in a cardiological consultation for prenatal diagnosis of a tertiary hospital collected over ten years, as well as the evolution of the patients to the present. RESULTS: A sample of 38 fetuses was obtained from 37 pregnant women diagnosed with DPFA with spontaneous resolution in 86.8%. Two abortions (voluntary interruptions after prenatal diagnosis of 22q13 deletion and primary infection by cytomegalovirus) and one spontaneous fetal death were recorded. Pathological alterations were observed in 10/38 newborns: two patients with metabolic disease, two patients with chromosomopathies, one patient with pulmonary hypoplasia and unilateral hydronephrosis, one patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and four patients studied for alterations in psychomotor development and/or congenital ophthalmological or hearing disorders. The overall morbidity rate was 34.2% and death rate 15.7%. The detection of other ultrasound alterations and the alteration in the first trimester screening were significantly associated with the presence of pathology. CONCLUSIONS: IFPE has been classically associated with a good prognosis, although it is sometimes related to clinical entities with high morbidity and mortality: more than a third of the patients in our sample are affected. An exhaustive pre and postnatal follow-up of these cases is recommended in order to perform an early intervention.


Assuntos
Transtornos Cromossômicos , Derrame Pericárdico , Feminino , Humanos , Hidropisia Fetal , Recém-Nascido , Derrame Pericárdico/diagnóstico , Derrame Pericárdico/epidemiologia , Derrame Pericárdico/etiologia , Gravidez , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal
8.
Pediatr Pulmonol ; 56(5): 1237-1244, 2021 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33382190

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze the characteristics and the early risk factors for mortality of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in critically ill children. STUDY DESIGN: A multicenter, prospective, observational 2-year study carried out with critically ill patients (1 month - 18 years of age) who needed NIV. Clinical data and NIV parameters during the first 12 h of admission were collected. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was performed to identify mortality risk factors. RESULTS: A total of 781 patients (44.2 ± 57.7 months) were studied (57.8% male). Of them, 53.7% had an underlying condition, and 47.1% needed NIV for lower airway respiratory pathologies. Bi-level NIV was the initial support in 78.2% of the patients. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was used more in younger patients (33.7%) than in older ones (9.7%; p < .001). About 16.7% had to be intubated and 6.2% died. The risk factors for mortality were immunodeficiency (odds ratio [OR] = 11.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.95-47.13); cerebral palsy (OR = 5.86; 95% CI = 1.94-17.65); presence of apneas on admission (OR = 5.57; 95% CI = 2.13-14.58); tachypnea 6 h after NIV onset (OR = 2.59; 95% CI = 1.30-6.94); and NIV failure (OR = 6.54; 95% CI = 2.79-15.34). CONCLUSION: NIV is used with great variability in types of support. Younger children receive CPAP more frequently than older children. Immunodeficiency, cerebral palsy, apneas on admission, tachypnea 6 h after NIV onset, and NIV failure are the early factors associated with mortality.


Assuntos
Ventilação não Invasiva , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Pressão Positiva Contínua nas Vias Aéreas , Estado Terminal , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Intubação , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Insuficiência Respiratória
9.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 2021 Mar 26.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33781717

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Fetal pericardial effusion appears in different pathologies such as hydrops fetalis, heart structural or rhythm alterations, however, it can be observed in isolation but an increase in its incidence has been observed in relation to the presence of severe pathologies. METHODS: Analysis of all cases of IFPE detected in Aragon and assessed in a cardiological consultation for prenatal diagnosis of a tertiary hospital collected over 10years, as well as the evolution of the patients to the present. RESULTS: A sample of 38 fetuses was obtained from 37 pregnant women diagnosed with DPFA with spontaneous resolution in 86.8%. Two abortions (voluntary interruptions after prenatal diagnosis of 22q13 deletion and primary infection by cytomegalovirus) and one spontaneous fetal death were recorded. Pathological alterations were observed in 10/38 newborns: 2patients with metabolic disease, 2patients with chromosomopathies, one patient with pulmonary hypoplasia and unilateral hydronephrosis, one patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and 4patients studied for alterations in psychomotor development and/or congenital ophthalmological or hearing disorders. The overall morbidity rate was 34.2% and death rate 15.7%. The detection of other ultrasound alterations and the alteration in the first trimester screening were significantly associated with the presence of pathology. CONCLUSIONS: IFPE has been classically associated with a good prognosis, although it is sometimes related to clinical entities with high morbidity and mortality: more than a third of the patients in our sample are affected. An exhaustive pre- and posnatal follow-up of these cases is recommended in order to perform an early intervention.

10.
Int J Cardiovasc Imaging ; 36(1): 59-66, 2020 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31664680

RESUMO

Myocardial deformation by speckle tracking echocardiography is a novel method for evaluating cardiac function. To test the hypothesis that right ventricular and left ventricular function have age-specific patterns of development, we tracked the evolution of ventricular strain mechanics by speckle tracking echocardiography in the fetus. We conducted a retrospective cross sectional echocardiography study in 154 healthy fetuses, and characterized cardiac function by measuring right and left ventricles global longitudinal strain and strain rate. Comparison of the data of both ventricles according to gestational age was carried out. The magnitudes of right and left ventricle global longitudinal strain show wide range values and decreased throughout gestation. Strain values are higher in left ventricle compared to the right one throughout pregnancy. Strain rate values were similar over gestation in each ventricle, but the magnitudes declined overtime in the right and left ventricle. The maturational patterns of left and right strain are gestational specific. With accepted physiological maturation patterns in healthy subjects, these myocardial deformation parameters can provide a valid basis that allows comparison between health and disease.


Assuntos
Ecocardiografia , Coração Fetal/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal/métodos , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Função Ventricular Direita , Adaptação Fisiológica , Estudos Transversais , Coração Fetal/fisiologia , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos
14.
Intensive Care Med ; 44(1): 61-72, 2018 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29196794

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To assess whether ultrasound guidance improves central venous catheter placement outcomes compared to the landmark technique in critically ill children. METHODS: A prospective multicentre observational study was carried out in 26 paediatric intensive care units over 6 months. Children 0-18 years old who received a temporary central venous catheter, inserted using either ultrasound or landmark techniques, were eligible. The primary outcome was the first-attempt success rate. Secondary outcomes included overall placement success, number of puncture attempts, number of procedures requiring multiple punctures (> 3 punctures), number of procedures requiring punctures at more than one vein site and immediate mechanical complications. To account for potential confounding factors, we used propensity scores. Our primary analysis was based on 1:1 propensity score matching. The association between cannulation technique and outcomes in the matched cohort was estimated using generalized estimating equations and mixed-effects models to account for patient-level and hospital-level confounders. RESULTS: Five hundred central venous catheter-placement procedures involving 354 patients were included. Ultrasound was used for 323 procedures, and the landmark technique was used for 177. Two hundred and sixty-six procedures were matched (133 in the ultrasound group and 133 in the landmark group). Ultrasound was associated with an increase in the first-attempt success rate [46.6 vs. 30%, odds ratio 2.09 (1.26-3.46); p < 0.001], a reduced number of puncture attempts [2 (1-3) vs. 2 (1-4), B coefficient - 0.51 (95% confidence interval - 1.01 to - 0.03), p = 0.035], and fewer overall mechanical complications [12 vs. 22.5%, odds ratio 0.47 (95% confidence interval 0.24-0.91), p = 0.025] in the matched cohort. The number of puncture attempts was the main factor associated with overall complications. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the landmark technique, ultrasound guidance was associated with an increased first-attempt success rate, a reduced number of puncture attempts, and fewer complications during central venous catheter placement in critically ill children.


Assuntos
Cateterismo Venoso Central , Estado Terminal , Adolescente , Cateterismo Venoso Central/métodos , Cateteres Venosos Centrais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Estudos Prospectivos , Espanha , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção
18.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 79(5): 334-339, Sep.-Oct. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1403658

RESUMO

Abstract Background: Atrial flutter is a rare condition in pediatrics that usually occurs as a late complication after surgery for congenital heart diseases, although it can also appear in structurally normal hearts. Clinical cases: We conducted a retrospective study of cases of atrial flutter with no structural heart disease diagnosed in a pediatric population (between 0 and 15 years of age) during 2015-2021 in a tertiary hospital. A total of seven cases were diagnosed, with a clear predominance of males (6/7). Of the seven patients, five debuted in the perinatal period: two were diagnosed at 20 and 36 hours of life, and three, prenatally. Among these perinatal cases, more than half (3/5) were preterm. The treatment was electrical cardioversion. The evolution was satisfactory in these cases, and there were no tachycardias in their subsequent development. In contrast, when the debut occurred at a later age (5-7 years), it was associated with channelopathy (Brugada syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia), and electrical ablation of the ectopic focus was required due to poor response to pharmacological treatment. Conclusions: This study confirms the low incidence of this pathology in pediatrics and the benignity and good prognosis of neonatal flutter in most cases. The prognosis worsens when atrial flutter is diagnosed in older children, and the probability of concomitant associated heart disease increases.


Resumen Introducción: El flutter o aleteo auricular es una patología poco frecuente en pediatría que suele presentarse como complicación tardía tras la cirugía de cardiopatías congénitas, aunque también puede aparecer en corazones estructuralmente normales. Casos clínicos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio retrospectivo de los casos de flutter auricular sin cardiopatía estructural diagnosticados en una población pediátrica (entre 0 y 15 años de edad) durante el periodo 2015-2021 en un hospital terciario. En total fueron diagnosticados siete casos, con un claro predominio de varones (6/7). De los siete, cinco debutaron en periodo perinatal: dos fueron diagnosticados a las 20 y 36 horas de vida y tres de ellos, prenatalmente. Entre estos casos perinatales, más de la mitad (3/5) fueron pretérmino. El tratamiento fue la cardioversión eléctrica. La evolución fue satisfactoria en estos casos, y no se presentaron taquicardias en su evolución posterior. Por el contrario, cuando el debut se produjo en edades posteriores (5-7 años), se asoció con canalopatía (síndrome de Brugada y taquicardia ventricular polimorfa catecolaminérgica) que requirió de una ablación eléctrica del foco ectópico por escasa respuesta al tratamiento farmacológico. Conclusiones: En este trabajo se confirma la baja incidencia de esta patología en pediatría, además de la benignidad y el buen pronóstico de flutter neonatal en la mayoría de casos. Cuando el diagnóstico se realiza en niños mayores, el pronóstico empeora, y aumenta la probabilidad de presentar de forma concomitante cardiopatías asociadas.

19.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 115(5): e291-e293, 2017 Oct 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28895705

RESUMO

Ataxia-telangiectasia is a disorder characterized by cerebellar ataxia, telangiectasia, immunodeficiency, and increased predisposition to cancer susceptibility. Mutations in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene seem to play an important role in normal cell function and in cardiovascular remodeling. We report a case of a 14-year-old boy with ataxia-telangiectasia and high-grade B-non-Hodgkin lymphoma who remained in continuous complete remission after chemotherapy and who was admitted into our Emergency Room presenting with episodes of presyncope. At admission he presented a complete atrioventricular block that evolved into asystole and required placement of a pacemaker. Cumulative cardiotoxic drugs received were at low risk. However, it is possible that this chronic degenerative disease may affect the cardiac conduction system over time. In the reviewed literature there are no or unknown reports of ataxia-telangiectasia with malignant cardiac arrhythmias.


La ataxia-telangiectasia es una entidad caracterizada por un cuadro de ataxia cerebelosa progresiva, telangiectasias, defectos inmunológicos y una mayor tendencia al desarrollo de tumores malignos. La mutación genética responsable (ataxia-telangiectasia mutada) parece jugar un papel importante en la función celular normal y el remodelado cardiovascular. Se describe la aparición de una arritmia maligna en un paciente de 14 años con un diagnóstico de ataxia-telangiectasia, en remisión completa de linfoma no Hodgkin B de alto grado. Consultó en el Servicio de Urgencias Pediátricas por episodios de presíncope, y se observó, al ingresar, bloqueo auriculoventricular completo que evolucionó hacia asistolia, por lo que requirió la colocación de un marcapasos definitivo. Las dosis acumuladas de fármacos cardiotóxicos recibidos fueron de bajo riesgo. Sin embargo, es posible que esta enfermedad degenerativa crónica afecte con el tiempo al tejido de citoconducción. En la bibliografía revisada, no existen o se desconocen reportes previos de arritmias malignas en pacientes con ataxia-telangiectasia.


Assuntos
Ataxia Telangiectasia/complicações , Parada Cardíaca/etiologia , Bloqueio Cardíaco/etiologia , Adolescente , Humanos , Masculino
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