Association between prediabetes and breast cancer: a comprehensive meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer accounts for up to 30% of cancer cases in women in the US. Diabetes mellitus has been recognized as a risk factor for breast cancer. Some studies have suggested that prediabetes may also be associated with breast cancer whereas other studies have shown no or an inverse association; thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the risk of breast cancer in prediabetes. METHODS: We searched PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Scopus to identify studies that reported breast cancer risks in patients having prediabetes compared to normoglycemic patients. Binary random-effects model was used to calculate a pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity. Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis and subgroup analyses were performed. RESULTS: We analyzed 7 studies with 24,586 prediabetic and 224,314 normoglycemic individuals (783 and 5739 breast cancer cases, respectively). Unadjusted odds ratio (OR) for breast cancer was 1.45 (95% CI = 1.14, 1.83); adjusted OR was 1.19 (95% CI = 1.07, 1.34) in prediabetes. Subgroup analysis revealed a higher breast cancer risk in individuals aged less than 60 years (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.39, 2.49) than in those aged 60 years or more (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.97, 1.18). Subgroup analysis by median follow-up length indicated a higher risk of breast cancer for follow-ups of less than or equal to 2 years (OR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.85, 2.95) than in those of over 10 years (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.99, 1.23) and 6 to 10 years (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.88, 1.21). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, individuals with prediabetes have higher risk of developing breast cancer than those with normoglycemia, especially younger prediabetes patients. These individuals may benefit from early identification, monitoring, and interventions to reverse prediabetes.

SLE and multiple myeloma: an underlooked link? A review of case reports from the last decade.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects multiple organ systems, and there has recently been increasing evidence that suggests a considerable rise in cancer risk. Despite growing evidence, the relationship between SLE and multiple myeloma (MM) remains underlooked. This review synthesizes findings from case reports published between 2012 and 2023 to explore this relationship. We conducted a comprehensive search using PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar with the keywords 'SLE' and 'multiple myeloma' and described the clinical profile of MM in patients with SLE. Seven case reports were reviewed. Five case reports included female participants, two had a simultaneous diagnosis of SLE and MM, and in others, MM followed SLE varying from 7 months to 30 years. Two cases reported an improvement in MM. Four cases reported death due to complications, which included shock, myocardial infarction, and pneumonia. Lupus nephritis was seen to complicate MM and SLE complex in 2 cases. Larger, well-developed studies focusing on clinical presentation, diagnostic strategy, treatment, and outcomes are needed to better understand the association between SLE and MM. Healthcare workers should be aware of the increased risk of malignancy in SLE and customize screening accordingly.