[Genetic diagnosis of microcephaly].

Objective: To explore the diagnostic value of chromosome karyotype analysis, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and whole exome sequencing (WES) in microcephaly. Methods: A total of 9 cases of microcephaly fetuses diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound or children with microcephaly diagnosed after birth were selected from the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2014 to August 2022.Karyotype analysis and/or CMA were used to detect. The cases with negative karyotype analysis and CMA results were further sequenced by trio-based WES (Trio-WES). Then the coding genes contained in the pathogenic copy number variation (CNV) fragments were analyzed by gene ontology (GO) enrichment. The genes related to the development of the central nervous system contained in the pathogenic CNV and the pathogenic genes found by Trio-WES were combined for gene interaction network analysis. Results: In this study, 9 cases of microcephaly were recruited, with the time of diagnosis ranged from 23 weeks of gestation to 7 years after birth, and the head circumference of fetus or children ranged from 18.3 to 42.5 cm (-7SD to -2SD). Karyotype analysis was detected in all 9 cases and no abnormality result was found. Eight cases were detected by CMA, and one abnormal was found. Five cases were detected by Trio-WES, and two cases were detected with likely pathogenic genes. The GO enrichment analysis of the coding gene in the 4p16.3 microdeletion (pathogenic CNV) region showed that: in biological process, it was mainly concentrated in phototransduction, visible light; in terms of molecular function, it was mainly concentrated in fibroblast growth factor binding; in terms of cell components, it was mainly concentrated in rough endoplasmic reticulum. Gene interaction network analysis suggested that CDC42 gene could interact with CTBP1, HTT and ASPM gene. Conclusions: CMA could be used as a first-line detection technique for microcephaly. When the results of chromosome karyotype analysis and/or CMA are negative, Trio-WES could improve the detection rate of pathogenicity of microcephaly.

[Associations between plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and gestational diabetes mellitus in the second trimester].

Objective: To examine the associations between plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the second trimester and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among Chinese pregnant women. Methods: Based on data from the Tongji-Shuangliu Birth Cohort enrolled from 2017 to 2019 in the Shuangliu Maternal and Child Health Hospital, it conducted a case-control study among 269 GDM cases who were diagnosed by 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, and 538 non-GDM controls matched at a 1∶2 ratio on maternal age and gestational weeks. The age range of the 807 women was 18-40 years. Fasting plasma n-3 PUFAs were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the second trimester (24-28 weeks). Participants were categorized into quartiles (Q1-Q4) of plasma n-3 PUFAs based on distributions in the control group. Conditional logistic regression models were applied to estimate the associations between plasma n-3 PUFAs and GDM. Results: The median (interquartile) relative concentrations of plasma n-3 PUFA C22∶5n-3 was significantly lower in women with GDM 0.87 (0.72, 1.07) compared with women without GDM 0.94 (0.75, 1.19)(P=0.001). Plasma n-3 PUFA C22∶5n-3 was inversely associated with GDM, with an OR (95%CI) of 0.75 (0.62-0.90) for each SD increase of relative concentration. Compared with the Q1 group, the OR values and 95%CIs of Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups were 0.97 (0.62-1.51), 0.72 (0.45-1.15), and 0.54 (0.32-0.90), respectively (Ptrend<0.05). However, there were no significant associations of C18∶3n-3, C20∶5n-3, C22∶6n-3, and total n-3 PUFAs with GDM. Conclusion: Plasma n-3 PUFA C22∶5n-3 was inversely associated with GDM during the second trimester.

[A non-targeted metabolomics study on serum of occupational people exposed with nanometer titanium dioxide particles (TiO(2)-NPs)].

Objective: To study the changes of serum metabolic profile of occupational people exposed with nanometer titanium dioxide particles (TiO(2)-NPs), and to explore the biomarkers and injury mechanism of TiO(2)-NPs health effects. Methods: From June 2020 to June 2021, a TiO(2)-NPs production enterprise was selected as the research site by a typical sampling method, 64 people in the TiO(2)-NPs exposure group were selected from the enterprise, and 62 people of the logistics administrative staff in the same enterprise were selected as the control group, and blood samples were collected using non-anticoagulant blood collection tubes. After the samples were methanol-precipitated, the untargeted metabolomic data was collected by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and biomarkers were screened and metabolic pathway analysis was performed. Results: 46 different metabolites were screened out by P<0.05 and variable importance projection index (VIP) value >1, mainly including glycerides, sphingomyelin, glycerophospholipid, fatty acyl, etc.; By ROC analysis to determine 3-hydroxy-4, 5-dimethyl-2 (5H) - furanone, 4-aminobiphenyl, heptanoylcarnitine, Hexadecanedioic acid mono-L-carnitine ester, Ibutilide, LysoPA (18∶1 (9Z) /0∶0), LysoPC (18∶0), PC (16∶0/16∶0), PC (16∶0/20: 4 (5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z) ), PC (P-18∶1 (9Z) /P-18∶1 (9Z) ) 10 candidate biomarkers; involving changes in 4 metabolic pathways, namely glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan acid biosynthesis, linoleic acid metabolism. Conclusion: Occupational exposure to TiO(2)-NPs has a significant impact on serum metabolic profiles.

[Membrane sampling for the determination of chlorothalonil in the air of workplaces-solvent analysis-Gas Chromatography].

Objective: To establish a method for the determination of chlorothalonil in air by filtration membrane sampling, solvent elution and gas chromatography. Methods: PTFE filter was used for sampling, eluted with dichloromethane, separated by DB-5 capillary column, and determined by FID. Results: The standard curve was used for quantitative detection, and the correlation of chlorothalonil in the range of 15 µg/ml-300 µg/ml, R(2)=0.9999. The detection limit of this method was 1.70 µg/ml and the lower quantitative limit was 5.70 µg/ml. The minimum detected concentration was 0.045 mg/m(3) (75L air sample was collected) . The recovery rate was 90.14%-91.81%. The precision of the same batch was 1.5%-1.8%, and that of different batches was 2.3%-3.8%. The sampling efficiency can reach above 95%; The samples can be stored for 14 days at room temperature. Conclusion: The results show that the method of filtration membrane sampling-solvent elude-gas chromatography is suitable for the determination of chlorothalonil in the air.

[A non-targeted metabolomics study on urine of occupational exposure people with titanium dioxide nanoparticles].

Objective: To investigate the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO(2) NPs) on urine metabolites in occupationally exposure people based on metabolomics technology, and to explore the mechanism of early health effects of TiO(2) NPs on occupational exposure. Methods: In October 2019, the TiO(2) NPs occupational exposure population was selected as the research object, of which 64 people were in the exposure group who had been engaged in TiO(2) NPs exposure positions for more than 1 year; the control group was 62 people, who were logistics administrative staff of the same company. The urine of the research subjects before class was collected, using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometer to collect the metabolism data of the urine, Progenesis QI software for data preprocessing and metabolite identification, SIMCA-P software for the principal component analysis of the data and potential biomarkers screening, MetaboAnalyst 4.0 software for metabolic pathway enrichment analysis. Results: The urine metabolism profile of workers in the exposure group was different from the control group, and 44 potential biomarkers were screened and identified. These potential biomarkers were significantly enriched in three pathways (P<0.05) , namely D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism pathway, nitrogen metabolism pathway and D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism pathways. Conclusion: The occupational exposure of TiO(2) NPs can affect the concentration of metabolites in people urine and metabolic pathways, which provides a direction for the study of occupational hazard mechanisms of TiO(2) NPs and the monitoring of health risks.

[Metabolomics study of urine with Benzene, Toluene and Xylene combined exposure based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry].

Objective: To study the effects of combined occupational exposure of benzene, toluene, and xylene on human metabolism at an overall level, and to screen biomarkers related to the combined occupational exposure of benzene, toluene, and xylene, and to explore the mechanism of early health effects preliminarily caused by combined occupational exposure of benzene, toluene, and xylene by identification of biomarkers and retrieval of metabolic pathways. Methods: A shoe-making company was selected as the research site. Twenty subjects for the exposed group and the control group were selected separately, and urine of the subjects was collected. The metabolic profiles of the samples were collected by liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and professional metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis software were used to establish PCA and OPLS-DA analysis models to screen potential biomarkers and identify biomarkers. Finally, based on the dynamic changes and trends of potential biomarkers between groups, the mechanism of body damage caused by benzene, toluene, and xylene was initially explored. Results: Urine metabolomics analysis showed that the metabolic profile of urine samples of the benzene, toluene, and xylene combined exposure group was different from that of the control group. 27 potential biomarkers that were closely related to the combined exposure of benzene, toluene, and xylene were screened and identified. These potential biomarkers were enriched in 16 metabolic pathways, of which 3 pathways were significantly enriched (P<0.05) , respectively, lysine metabolism, amino sugar metabolism, and nucleotide sugar metabolism. Conclusion: The metabonomics method can well reflect the changes in the metabolome of urine samples in the occupational population after the combined exposure of benzene, toluene, and xylene, which will help us better evaluate the risk of combined exposure of benzene, toluene, and xylene and prevent and control their health risks.

[Association between self-rated health and risk of cardiovascular disease among middle-aged and elderly Chinese].

Objective: To analyze the association between the self-rated health (SRH) status and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among the middle-aged and eldly Chinese. Methods: Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), which enrolled 21 133 participants by using the probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling from 150 counties/districts of 28 provinces in China from 2011 to 2012. A total of 11 701 participants were included in the study. Basic information and SRH were obtained in the baseline survey via questionnaires. Information of CVD was self-reported during the follow-up. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to analyze the association between the baseline SRH and risk of CVD. Subgroup analyses were performed by age, sex and body mass index (BMI), and their interactions with SRH for risk of CVD were examined by using the likelihood ratio test. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to test the robustness of the association. Results: Participants were (57.9±9.7) years old, and men accounted for 48.1% (5 626). SRH was reported as the excellent, very good, good, fair and poor among 4.2% (n=487), 13.5% (n=1 583), 33.6% (n=3 932), 35.4% (n=4 147) and 13.3% (n=1 552), respectively. During 42 104 person-years of followed up, 590 cases of CVD were identified. Cox regression analyses showed that compared with the excellent/very good SRH, the HR (95%CI) of CVD risk for the good, fair and poor SRH was 1.36 (1.02-1.80), 1.66 (1.26-2.19) and 1.89 (1.38-2.59), respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that compared with the excellent/very good SRH, HR (95%CI) of CVD risk for poor SRH in the group of 45-59 years old, equal to or over 75 years old, men, women and normal BMI were 2.00 (1.32-3.04), 3.87 (1.04-14.46), 1.76 (1.07-2.91), 1.92 (1.27-2.91) and 2.30 (1.42-3.72), respectively. There were no interactions between age, sex, BMI and SRH (P>0.05). Conclusion: SRH is associated with risk of CVD among middle-aged and elderly Chinese. The CVD risk for good, fair and poor SRH is higher than that for excellent/very good SRH.

[Risk factors for visual field loss progression in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma in Wenzhou area].

Objective: To evaluate risk factors for visual field (VF) loss progression in primary open-angle glaucoma patients. Methods: A prospective nested case-control study. Patients were collected from the Wenzhou glaucoma progression study in the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University during March 2014 and April 2018. In this study, the eyes were divided into a progression group and a non-progression group using the glaucoma progression analysis methods to analyze the risk factors for glaucomatous VF loss progression. Axial length (AL) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured using the Lenstar LS900. The baseline, fluctuation (standard deviation), mean, maximum, minimum and range of intraocular pressure (IOP) during the follow-up period were determined based on IOP measured at each follow-up. The IOP measurements were included from the baseline to the last visit (for the non-progression group), or to the visit at which VF loss progression was determined (for the progression group). The independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U inspection and Cox proportional hazards models were used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 140 patients (140 eyes) were enrolled, including 67 males and 73 females. There were 19.3% of the eyes (27 of 140 eyes) showing VF loss progression. The median time to the endpoint for progression was 24.0 (16.0, 40.0) months. The AL in the progression group and non-progression group were 23.58 (23.05, 24.24) mm and 23.91 (23.10, 24.91) mm (P=0.111). The CCT in the two groups were 531.0 (512.0, 565.0) µm and 535.0 (518.5, 552.0) µm, respectively (P=0.897). The baseline age in the progression group and non-progression group was 71.0 (68.0, 74.0) years and 68.0 (58.0, 72.0) years, respectively (Z=-2.872, P=0.004). The slope of visual field index in the two groups was -3.50 (-7.10, -1.80)%/year and 0.40 (-0.60, 1.40)%/year, respectively (Z=-6.823, P<0.01). The mean IOP during the follow-up was (16.2±2.7) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) in the progression group and (15.1±2.4) mmHg in the non-progression group (t=-2.215, P=0.028). The IOP fluctuation in the progression group and non-progression group was (2.6±1.3) mmHg and (2.0±0.7) mmHg, respectively (t=-2.175, P=0.038). In the multivariate model, older baseline age (HR=1.080; 95%CI:1.019-1.143), higher baseline IOP (HR=1.120; 95%CI:1.016-1.236), higher mean IOP (HR=1.145; 95%CI:1.001-1.309) and higher IOP fluctuation (HR=1.750; 95%CI:1.193-2.566) were all significantly predictive risk factors for glaucomatous VF loss progression. Longer AL (HR=0.725; 95%CI:0.532-0.988) was a protective factor against VF loss progression. However, CCT was found to be not associated with VF loss progression. Conclusion: Baseline age, baseline IOP, mean IOP, IOP fluctuation and shorter AL are found to be risk factors for glaucomatous VF loss progression among eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma in Wenzhou. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2019, 55: 777-784).

[Development of ethylene glycol Samples in silicone tubes and their application in inter-laboratory comparison].

Objective: To development of ethylene glycol samples in silicone tubes, and the samples were applied to inter-laboratory comparison, through it to evaluate the detection capacity of occupational health testing laboratories. Methods: Three content levels of ethylene glycol samples in silicone tubes were prepared, and the homogeneity and stability of samples were investigated, the results were statistically analyzed. A robust statistical four-point distance method was used to calculate the results submitted by each participant laboratory and the test capability of the laboratory was assessed by the z-score method. Results: The statistic of the homogeneity of ethylene glycol samples in silicone tubes were less than the critical value (P>0.05) , and the samples were stable at room temperature for one month. The satisfactory rate of comparison between 204 laboratories was 88.24%. Conclusion: The homogeneity and stability of the ethylene glycol samples in the silicone tubes can meet the requirements of proficiency testing and can be used for laboratory comparison. Most of the laboratories that participated in the comparison had the ability to detect ethylene glycol.

[The relationship between smoking and hyperuricemia in Chinese residents].

Objective: To explore the relationship between smoking and hyperuricemia in Chinese residents. Methods: Based on data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), residents with blood samples provided in the 2009 round (including information of socio-demographic factors, lifestyle behaviors, medical history, and laboratory examinations etc.) were selected as the participants in the current analysis. Unconditional logistic regression models were utilized to compute the ORs and corresponding 95%CIs for assessing the relationship between smoking and hyperuricemia. Results: Among the 8 785 subjects, 1 435 had hyperuricemia with a prevalence rate of 16.3%, consisting of 886 men and 549 women with prevalence rates of 21.6% (886/4 110) and 11.7% (549/4 675) , respectively. Compared with never smokers, the adjusted OR (95%CI) for hyperuricemia was 0.83 (0.70-0.98) among current smokers, 0.77 (0.63-0.94) among current smokers with 20-39 years of smoking, and 0.79 (0.65-0.97) among current smokers with 11-20 cigarettes per day. When stratified by gender and compared with non-smoker, the adjusted OR (95%CI) for hyperuricemia among current smokers compared with never smokers was 0.83 (0.70-0.98) among men, while no significant association was found in female current smokers (OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.42-1.26, P=0.260). Conclusion: In Chinese residents, there is an inverse association between smoking and hyperuricemia prevalence, and this association may be related to duration and intensity of smoking among current smokers. The findings need to be validated in large prospective cohort studies.

[Determination of methylenedianiline in urine by high performance liquid chromatography-tandemmass spectrometry].

Objective: To develop a method for determination of metabolites of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) in urine, i.e. methylenedianiline (MDA) by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass (LC-MS-MS) . Methods: Urine samples were prepared by hydrolyzation with sulfuric acid and extraction by acetonitrile, and then separated on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column, analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) . The external solvent standard calibration were tested. Results: The linearity ranges were 0.05~20.00 µg/L, The related coefficients were 0.999 5. The limit of detection was 0.02 µg/L. The rats of recovery were 91.0%~103.4%. The relative standard deviations were between 2.7%~7.3%. Conclusion: The method was sensitive, accurate and suitable for the MDA determination in urine of MDI exposed population.

A new cave-dwelling loach, Triplophysa xichouensis sp. nov. (Teleostei Nemacheilidae) from Yunnan, China.

A new cave-dwelling loach of the genus Triplophysa, T. xichouensis, is described from an outlet of a subterranean river in Xisa Town, Xichou County, Yunnan Province, China. It can be distinguished from its congeners by the following characters: dorsal-fin rays iii, 8; anal-fin rays ii, 6; pectoral-fin rays i, 9 or 10; pelvic-fin rays i, 5 or 6; branched caudal-fin rays 16(8+8); eyes highly degenerated to a very tiny black dot; dorsal-fin origin closer to snout tip than to caudal-fin base and anterior to vertical line of pelvic-fin origin; pectoral fin length about two-thirds the distance between pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin; caudal peduncle slender, its length about three times its depth; caudal fin emarginate; body smooth and scaleless; lateral line complete and straight; anterior chamber of air bladder wrapped in dumbbell-shaped bony capsule and the posterior one well developed, long, oval; intestine short, bending in zigzag shape behind stomach. A key for the cave-dwelling species of Triplophysa is provided. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9162FFB1-7911-47C3-AE50-6A00E9590327.

[Determination of thiocyanate within human urine by ion chromatography method].

Objective: To establish ion chromatography method to determine thiocyanate within urine of workers who were exposed to cyanide. Methods: After the workers work, used 50 ml centrifuge tube to collect the urine of workers about 20 ml.The urine were tested by centrifugation, dilution and filtration by C(18) column, thiocyanate was separated by AS(16) and mobile phase elution by KOH, detected by electrical circuitryconductivity detector, quantitative by the standard curve method. Results: The linear correlation coefficient of thiocyanate within the range of 0.1-5.0 µg/ml was more than 0.999. The method detection limit was 0.11µg/ml (in 1ml urine) , the method quantitative limit was 0.35 µg/ml. The method recoveries were 95.1%-99.7%. The within-day precision range was 0.54%-2.05%, The between-run precision range was 2.06%-5.09%. Sample stability test showed that thiocyanate samples could be stored for 5 days at room temperature and 7 days at 4 ℃, could be stored for 14 days at-20 ℃. Conclusion: The technical indicator of method compliance with rule of Guide for establishing occupation health standards-Part 5: determination methods of chemicals in biological materials (GBZ/T 210.5-2008) , the method applies to workers who were exposed to cyanide.

[Determination of phenylglyoxylic acid and mandelic acid in urine by high performance liquid chromatography method].

Objective: To revise the standard method for the determination of phenylglyoxylic acid(PGA)and mandelic acid(MA) in urine by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Methods: The original standard method was evaluated by experiment, and the chromatographic column, the detection limit,quantitation limit and stabilityof the method were studied. Results: The samples were separated by BEH Phenyl(50mm×2.1mm×1.7µm)column and the internal standard working curve method was used. The regression equations were y=3.660 7x+0.066 3 and y=5.161 2x-0.007 3 for MA and PGA respectively. Linear correlation coefficients were 0.999 3 and 0.999 1. Linearity ranges were 0.10-1.00 mg/ml,0.04-0.40 mg/ml. The recoveries of PGA and MA were 91.6%-97.1% and 84.3%-99.0%,the precision were 0.9%-4.6% and 0.5%-1.9%. The detection limit and quantitation limit of the method were 1.1 mg/L and 3.7 mg/L for PGA, 5.4 mg/L and 17.9 mg/L for MA. Conclusion: The method uses the phenyh modified chromatographic column, determines the detection limit. The method can improve quantitation limit, the detection accuracy and meet the detection of occupational population samples.

[Determination method of iron and its inorganic oxide in the air of workplace].

Objective: To establish the method for determination of iron and its inorganic oxide in the air of workplace. Methods: The iron and its inorganic oxide was collected by MCE filter membrane and then digested by electric heating digestion apparatus. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) or inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used for the detection of iron and its inorganic oxide. Results: The sampling efficiency was higher than 97%; under the 372.0 nm wavelength, the linearity of AAS was good at the range of 1.0~150.0 µg/ml, the minimum quantitation concentration was 0.28 mg/m(3), the maximum quantitation concentration was 6.24 mg/m(3), the recovery was ranged from 99%~102%, the RSD of intra-and inter-batch precision were 0.5%~1.2% and 1.0%~2.2%, respectively; the linearity of ICP-OES was good at the range of 0.1~500 µg/ml, the minimum quantitation concentration was 0.28 mg/m(3), the maximum quantitation concentration was 20.8 mg/m(3), the recovery was ranged from 101%~103%, the RSD of intra-and inter-batch precision were 0.5%~1.0% and 1.5%~1.6%, respectively. Conclusion: The sampling method and determination method meet the requirements of analysis and apply to the collection and determination of iron and its inorganic oxide in the air of workplace.

[Determination of titanium dioxide in the air of workplace by inductivehy coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry].

Objective: To establish the method for determination of titanium dioxide in the air of workplace by inductivehy coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) . Methods: The titanium dioxide was collected by filter membrane and then digested by microwave digestion apparatus in the mixed solvents (HNO(3)∶HF∶H(2)O=4∶1∶1) , dilutedto 25 ml and detected by ICP-OES. Results: The sampling efficiency was higher than 95%; the linearity of ICP-OES was good at the range of 10-500 µg/ml, the minimum quantitation concentration was 0.72 mg/m(3) (as collecting 150 L air sample) , the maximum quantitation concentration was 21.7 mg/m(3) (as collecting 960 L air sample) , the recovery was ranged from 99.0%-102.0%, the RSD of intra- and inter-batch precision were 0.5%-3.2% and 1.7%-3.5%, respectively. Conclusion: The sampling method and determination method meet the requirements of guide for establishing occupational health standards-part 4: determinatin methods of air chemicals in workplace (GBZ/T 210.4-2008) , and areapplys to the collection and determination of TiO(2) in the air of workplace.

[The development of ex vivo lung perfusion in lung transplantation].

The shortage of donor lung remains one of the major problem for lung transplantation. With the development of modern lung preservation and repair technique, increasing marginal lung donors have been re-assessed and finally utilized for transplantation. The ex vivo lung perfusion technique (EVLP) was designed and has been developed for evaluation and repair of the lung. Nowadays, the indication of EVLP and the standard of qualified donor lung have reached a consensus according to the foreign publications. The EVLP system could be classified into three categories: the Toronto technique, the Lund technique and Hannover-Madrid technique. The major differences between the Toronto technique and the other two technique are the open left atrium status, the use of Steen solution mixed with erythrocyte and the perfusion at flows correspondent to 100% of the donor predicted cardiac output. With the accumulating experience, researchers have tried to imply some drugs in the circulation, modify the ventilation gas and delivery of adenoviral vector gene in order to improve the lung quality. But these are still in the research phase. Recently, the portable EVLP device has been developed and the lung preservation, assessment and repair could be conducted during transportation. So it could prolong the preservation time and expand the transportation distance of donor lung.

[Determination of thiodiglycolic acid in urine by ion chromatography with solidphase extraction].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a SPE-IC method to determine the thiodiglycolic acid in the urine of workers who were exposed to vinyl chloride monomer. METHODS: The samples were prepared by the process of being centrifuged and purified by C18 SPE column before separated by AS19 anion exchange column and detected by conductivity detector. The thiodiglycolic acid were characterized by the retention time and quantified by peak area and external standard method. RESULTS: The range of linearity was 0.05~50.00 µg/ml, and the correlation coefficient was 0.999 9. The method detection limit was 0.1 µg/ml and the method quantitative limit was 0.3 µg/ml. The within-run precision was 1.26%~5.03% and the betweenrun precision was 0.50%~8.78%. The spiked recoveries were 80.10%~104.20%. Samples could bestored at-20 ℃ for at least 2 weeks. The determination of thiodiglycolic acid could not be interfered by chloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid and other endogenous ionic compounds. CONCLUSION: This method is feasible for determination of thiodiglycolic acid in the urine of workers who were exposed to vinyl chloride monomer.

Detecting circulating tumor cells in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

We explored the expression and clinical significance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Sixty-six patients with advanced NSCLC at the Oncology Department of Jinzhou Hospital were selected as an observation group between February and December 2013. Healthy volunteers and 20 benign lung disease patients were taken as a control group. Peripheral blood CTCs in the observation and control groups were detected using the CellSearch(®). CTC detection and analysis system, and the relationship between the expression and clinical effect of CTCs and disease progression was analyzed. Peripheral blood CTCs were observed in 47 of the 66 observation group cases (71.21%), but none were found in the control group (P < 0.05). The CTC-positive rate was independent of NSCLC patients' age, gender, smoking habits, histological features, and degree of differentiation (P > 0.05). The CTC-positive rate correlated with pathological staging (P < 0.05). After two courses of chemotherapy, the number of cases with CTCs ≥3 decreased significantly, compared with pre-chemotherapy cases (P < 0.05), and the disease did not progress in 37 cases (34 cases with <3 CTCs and three cases with ≥3 CTCs). Eight cases displayed disease progression, of which five cases had <3 CTCs and three cases had ≥3CTCs. There was a statistically significant correlation between CTC changes and disease progression (P < 0.05). The CTC-positive rate correlated with the pathological staging and changes in the number of CTCs were associated with chemotherapy efficacy and disease progression.

A clinical study evaluating dendritic and cytokine-induced killer cells combined with concurrent radiochemotherapy for stage IIIB non-small cell lung cancer.

To compare the efficacy of dendritic and cytokine-induced killer cells (DC-CIK) therapy combined with concurrent radiochemotherapy on stage IIIB non-small cell lung cancer. Sixty-three patients with stage IIIB non-small cell lung cancer were randomly divided into the study and control groups. The study group, comprising 30 patients, was treated with DC-CIK combined with docetaxel-cisplatin chemotherapy and synchronization conformal radiotherapy. The control group including 33 patients was only treated with docetaxel-cisplatin chemotherapy and synchronization conformal radiotherapy. The efficacy, Karnofsky performance score (KPS), tumor markers, 6-month and 12-month survival rate, T cell subsets, and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared. The response rate of the study group was 83.3% (25/30), and that of the control group was only 54.5% (18/33). Furthermore, the KPS, T cell subsets, and 12-month survival rate was significantly higher in the study group, and there were significant differences between the two groups. The two groups had no significant difference in adverse reactions. The combined DC-CIK therapy, with synchronous radiotherapy and chemotherapy to treat stage IIIB non-small cell lung cancer was superior to single synchronous radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The combined therapy can improve the life quality and prolong the survival time of the patients.