RESUMO
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is defined by the presence of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph), resulting from a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 [t(9;22] that gives rise to a BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. CML occurs in 3 different phases (chronic, accelerated, and blast phase) and is usually diagnosed in the chronic phase. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy is a highly effective first-line treatment option for all patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase CML (CP-CML). The selection TKI therapy should be based on the risk score, toxicity profile of TKI, patient's age, ability to tolerate therapy, and the presence of comorbid conditions. This manuscript discusses the recommendations outlined in the NCCN Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with CP-CML.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamento farmacológico , Oncologia/normas , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacologia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/normas , Biomarcadores Tumorais/antagonistas & inibidores , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/isolamento & purificação , Medula Óssea/patologia , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Progressão da Doença , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Proteínas de Fusão bcr-abl/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Fusão bcr-abl/genética , Proteínas de Fusão bcr-abl/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/diagnóstico , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/genética , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/mortalidade , Oncologia/métodos , Seleção de Pacientes , Cromossomo Filadélfia , Prognóstico , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/normas , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/normas , Medição de Risco/métodos , Medição de Risco/normas , Sociedades Médicas/normas , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Mastocytosis is a group of heterogeneous disorders resulting from the clonal proliferation of abnormal mast cells and their accumulation in the skin and/or in various extracutaneous organs. Systemic mastocytosis is the most common form of mastocytosis diagnosed in adults, characterized by mast cell infiltration of one or more extracutaneous organs (with or without skin involvement). The identification of KIT D816V mutation and the emergence of novel targeted therapies have significantly improved the diagnosis and treatment of systemic mastocytosis. However, certain aspects of clinical care, particularly the diagnosis, assessment, and management of mediator-related symptoms continue to present challenges. This manuscript discusses the recommendations outlined in the NCCN Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with systemic mastocytosis.
Assuntos
Anafilaxia/terapia , Mastocitose Sistêmica/terapia , Oncologia/normas , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/normas , Anafilaxia/diagnóstico , Anafilaxia/imunologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biópsia , Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Medula Óssea/patologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/normas , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacologia , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Imunofenotipagem/métodos , Imunofenotipagem/normas , Mastócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Mastócitos/imunologia , Mastócitos/metabolismo , Mastocitose Sistêmica/diagnóstico , Mastocitose Sistêmica/genética , Mastocitose Sistêmica/imunologia , Oncologia/métodos , Terapia de Alvo Molecular/métodos , Terapia de Alvo Molecular/normas , Mutação , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-kit/genética , Receptor alfa de Fator de Crescimento Derivado de Plaquetas/genética , Sociedades Médicas/normas , Transplante Homólogo/métodos , Transplante Homólogo/normas , Resultado do Tratamento , Fatores de Poliadenilação e Clivagem de mRNA/genéticaRESUMO
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of heterogeneous disorders of the hematopoietic system that include myelofibrosis (MF), polycythemia vera (PV), and essential thrombocythemia (ET). PV and ET are characterized by significant thrombohemorrhagic complications and a high risk of transformation to MF and acute myeloid leukemia. The diagnosis and management of PV and ET has evolved since the identification of mutations implicated in their pathogenesis. These NCCN Guideline Insights discuss the recommendations outlined in the NCCN Guidelines for the risk stratification, treatment, and special considerations for the management of PV and ET.
Assuntos
Transtornos Mieloproliferativos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Mieloproliferativos/terapia , Terapia Combinada/efeitos adversos , Terapia Combinada/métodos , Humanos , Medição de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The use of systemic therapy as part of curative treatment and palliation is an evolving paradigm for squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN), which historically has been treated with local modalities. At present, the treatment armamentarium includes traditional cytotoxic therapy, targeted biological agents, and emerging immunotherapeutics. This article discusses the use of all of these systemic approaches for the curative and palliative treatment of SCCHN.