Revisional Robotic Bariatric Surgery. Largest Single Centre Prospective Cohort Study and Review of the Literature.

Introduction: Robotic bariatric surgery (RBS) has seen a surge in popularity in recent years, yet questions persist about its utility concerning postoperative complications, costs, and technical aspects. RBS, while increasing in number, presents a greater technical challenge associated with more post-operative complications compared to primary bariatric surgery. In this study, we present our single institution experience and review the literature to assess the value of robotic revisional surgery. Material and Method: The retrospective review involved 42 patients (31 females, 11 males) who underwent various procedures, with the most frequent being the conversion of sleeve gastrectomy to gastric bypass (n=30). Encouragingly, no leaks or severe complications were identified. Furthermore, a systematic review indicated comparable outcomes, with decreased complication rates favoring robotic revisional surgery. Results: In direct comparison to standard laparoscopic revisional bariatric surgery, revisional robotic surgery demonstrated superior results in terms of efficacy, safety, and reduced hospital stay. However, rates of mortality, morbidity, and reintervention did not significantly differ between the two approaches. Conclusions: Considering these findings, we advocate for surgeons to acquire proficiency in the robotic technique, as part of the broader process of democratization and standardization of bariatric surgery. Embracing revisional robotic bariatric surgery can lead to improved patient outcomes, and its wider implementation may lead to enhanced surgical care and patient satisfaction in the field of bariatric procedures.

Focused Transhepatic Electroporation Mediated by Hypersaline Infusion through the Portal Vein in Rat Model. Preliminary Results on Differential Conductivity.

BACKGROUND: Spread hepatic tumours are not suitable for treatment either by surgery or conventional ablation methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate feasibility and safety of selectively increasing the healthy hepatic conductivity by the hypersaline infusion (HI) through the portal vein. We hypothesize this will allow simultaneous safe treatment of all nodules by irreversible electroporation (IRE) when applied in a transhepatic fashion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sprague Dawley (Group A, n = 10) and Athymic rats with implanted hepatic tumour (Group B, n = 8) were employed. HI was performed (NaCl 20%, 3.8 mL/Kg) by trans-splenic puncture. Deionized serum (40 mL/Kg) and furosemide (2 mL/Kg) were simultaneously infused through the jugular vein to compensate hypernatremia. Changes in conductivity were monitored in the hepatic and tumour tissue. The period in which hepatic conductivity was higher than tumour conductivity was defined as the therapeutic window (TW). Animals were monitored during 1-month follow-up. The animals were sacrificed and selective samples were used for histological analysis. RESULTS: The overall survival rate was 82.4% after the HI protocol. The mean maximum hepatic conductivity after HI was 2.7 and 3.5 times higher than the baseline value, in group A and B, respectively. The mean maximum hepatic conductivity after HI was 1.4 times higher than tumour tissue in group B creating a TW to implement selective IRE. CONCLUSIONS: HI through the portal vein is safe when the hypersaline overload is compensated with deionized serum and it may provide a TW for focused IRE treatment on tumour nodules.

Long-Term Results of Single-Anastomosis Duodeno-ileal Bypass with Sleeve Gastrectomy (SADI-S).

BACKGROUND: Single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) is a simplification of the duodenal switch (DS) in which the alimentary limb is eliminated, and the common channel is lengthened from 200 to 300 cm. Short-term results have demonstrated that SADI-S is safe and reproducible and that weight loss and comorbidities resolution are comparable to biliopancreatic diversion or DS. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the long-term outcomes of SADI-S. METHODS: From May 2007 to December 2015, 164 patients were consecutively submitted to a one-step SADI-S. The mean age was 47 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 45.8 kg/m2. A total of 101 patients had type 2 diabetes, 91 arterial hypertension, 81 obstructive apnea, and 118 dyslipidemia. Limb length was 200 cm in 50 cases, 250 cm in 99, and 300 cm in 15. RESULTS: There was no mortality. One patient had a gastric leak, and 2 patients had an anastomotic leak. A total of 25% of the patients were lost to follow-up at 10 years. Excess weight loss and total weight loss were 87% and 38% at 5 years and 80% and 34% at 10 years. A total of 12 patients were submitted to revisional surgery for hypoproteinemia. Preoperatively 41 diabetics were under insulin treatment; at 5 years, 7 remained with insulin and 12 at 10 years. Mean glycemia was 104 mg/dL at 5 years and 118 mg/dL at 10 years. Mean HbA1c was 5.51% at 5 years and 5.86 at 10 years. CONCLUSION: In the long term, SADI-S offers satisfactory weight loss and comorbidities resolution.

Correlation of Gastric Volume and Weight Loss 5 Years Following Sleeve Gastrectomy.

INTRODUCTION: The volume of the gastric reservoir (VGR) after sleeve gastrectomy influences weight loss in the short-term, but long-term results are scarce. The aim was to analyze the correlation between the VGR and weight loss at 5 years of follow-up. METHODS: It is a prospective observational study of 50 patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy (SG) from February 2009 to December 2013. An upper gastrointestinal series was performed at 1 month and at 1 and 5 years after surgery. A composite formula was used for VGR estimation. Weight loss-related data included the following: body mass index (BMI), percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL), and percentage of excess BMI loss (%EBMIL) at 1 month and at 1 and 5 years. Uni- and multivariate analyses were carried out to determine other factors that might influence long-term weight loss results. RESULTS: The %EWL at 1 year was 74.5(63.8-86) vs. 55.5(47-74.3) at 5 years (p < 0.001). The VGR 1 month after surgery was 114.9 (90.5-168.3) mL. The VGR increased from 216.7 (155.1-278.6) to 367.5 (273-560.3) mL (p < 0.001) at 1 and 5 years. Although a significant inverse correlation was observed between VGR and BMI, %EWL, and %EBMIL at 1 year, it disappeared at 5 years. In the multivariate analysis, the main factor to predict worse weight results at 5 years was a pre-surgical BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2. CONCLUSION: The VGR increased progressively during the study period. Although an inverse relationship between VGR and weight was found at 1 year, this correlation did not remain at 5 years. A preoperative BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2 is the main predictive factor of poor weight outcomes.

Absceso hepático primario por Klebsiella pneumoniae: una entidad en auge / Primary liver abscess caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae: An increasingly common entity

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Sepsis grave por absceso cervical profundo tras agranulocitosis por metamizol / Severe sepsis due to cervical abscess after agranulocytosis associated with metamizole

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Manejo de las extravasaciones de contraste yodado, mediante una intervención térmica. Prueba piloto / Management of iodate contrast extravasations, through a thermal intervention. Pilot test

Objetivo. Analizar la eficacia de la aplicación del calor seco y del frío seco para la resolución de las extravasaciones de contraste yodado administrado mediante una bomba inyectora. Método. Estudio experimental. Se ha realizado una prueba piloto, para de-finir el protocolo de actuación y recogida de datos de un estudio comparativo multicéntrico. Se han evaluado 6 casos de extravasación recogidos en el periodo de marzo a junio de 2017, aplicando de forma aleatoria seco o calor seco como primera intervención. Resultados. En todos los casos se produjo una reacción inflamatoria generalizada de la extremidad afectada pasadas 24h. En los casos tratados con frío seco se pudo delimitar y medir la extravasación tras este intervalo de tiempo, sin embargo en los casos tratados con calor seco como primera intervención no se pudieron definir los contornos pasadas estas 24h. El dolor remitió de forma similar con ambas intervenciones. Conclusiones. La ausencia de con-torno definido y medible de la extravasación pasadas 24h, en las que fueron tratadas con calor seco como primera intervención, puede ser con-secuencia de una mejor absorción y distribución del contraste extravasado comparado con el frío seco. Lo que podría determinar que el calor seco es una intervención térmica positiva para la resolución de éstas ex-travasaciones

Objective. To analyse the efficacy of the application of dry heat and dry cold for the resolution of iodinated contrast extravasations administered by means of an injection pump. Method. Experimental study. A pilot test has been carried out to define the protocol for action and data collection of a comparative multicentre study. We have evaluated six cases of extravasation that occurred during the period of March to June 2017, randomly applying dry cold or dry heat as the first intervention. Results. In all cases, there was a generalized inflammatory reaction of the affected limb after 24h. In the cases treated with dry cold, it was possible to delimit and measure the extravasation after this time interval, however in the cases treated with dry heat as the first intervention, the contours could not be defined after these 24h. Pain returned similarly with both interventions. Conclusions. The absence of a defined and measurable contour of the extravasation after 24h, in which they were treated with dry heat as the first intervention, may be a consequence of a better absorption and distribution of extravasated contrast compared to dry cold. What could determine that dry heat is a positive thermal intervention for the resolution of these extravasations