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Physiol Plant ; 176(3): e14338, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38740528

RESUMO

Bacteria can be applied as biofertilizers to improve crop growth in phosphorus (P)-limited conditions. However, their mode of action in a soil environment is still elusive. We used the strain ALC_02 as a case study to elucidate how Bacillus subtilis affects dwarf tomato cultivated in soil-filled rhizoboxes over time. ALC_02 improved plant P acquisition by increasing the size and P content of P-limited plants. We assessed three possible mechanisms, namely root growth stimulation, root hair elongation, and solubilization of soil P. ALC_02 produced auxin, and inoculation with ALC_02 promoted root growth. ALC_02 promoted root hair elongation as the earliest observed response and colonized root hairs specifically. Root and root hair growth stimulation was associated with a subsequent increase in plant P content, indicating that a better soil exploration by the root system improved plant P acquisition. Furthermore, ALC_02 affected the plant-available P content in sterilized soil differently over time and released P from native P pools in the soil. Collectively, ALC_02 exhibited all three mechanisms in a soil environment. To our knowledge, bacterial P biofertilizers have not been reported to colonize and elongate root hairs in the soil so far, and we propose that these traits contribute to the overall effect of ALC_02. The knowledge gained in this research can be applied in the future quest for bacterial P biofertilizers, where we recommend assessing all three parameters, not only root growth and P solubilization, but also root hair elongation. This will ultimately support the development of sustainable agricultural practices.


Assuntos
Bacillus subtilis , Fósforo , Raízes de Plantas , Solo , Solanum lycopersicum , Fósforo/metabolismo , Raízes de Plantas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Raízes de Plantas/microbiologia , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo , Bacillus subtilis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bacillus subtilis/metabolismo , Solo/química , Solanum lycopersicum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Solanum lycopersicum/microbiologia , Solanum lycopersicum/metabolismo , Microbiologia do Solo , Solubilidade , Ácidos Indolacéticos/metabolismo , Fertilizantes
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